Intuthu ukupholisa kuyinto: idivayisi, isampula

Ukupholisa ayisebenzi kahle kungabangela ukwanda okusheshayo imikhiqizo umlilo futhi amandla omlilo, kuholele ekulahlekelweni ukuphila, nokucekela phansi impahla. Ngakho-ke, ukubala kanye ukufakwa uhlelo ezifana ukupholisa intuthu-ekuvimbeleni ophoqelelwe, kuyindaba engathí sina kakhulu brooked kungekho levity. SNP adinga khona esiyisibopho kushimula elihambisana ezikhungweni ezimbonini kanye umphakathi. Ukubalwa kubo wenza at the stage of ukuhlela isikhala kanye nomklamo. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi izinto okuyinto kuthiwa sawela i kunesimo esiphuthumayo zabantu. Ukuba khona adingekayo ikheshi shaft, emaphasishi esikoleni, Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi, ezitebhisini nezindawo ezifudukayo intuthu ukupholisa. Kuleli kuncike empilweni abantu.

izici Jikelele

Ukupholisa intuthu ukupholisa - iqoqo amadivayisi ukuxhumana, sebuningini operation enezela emoyeni esanele aphathe izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi ukuthungela nangemva. Ukupholisa uhlelo kumele kube uyakwazi batakulana abantu kumzila enikeziwe.

Konke indlela yabo ukuba kungatholakali ukuhamba. Lokhu kunengxenye ekwenzeni ukunciphisa abalulekile futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama ngenxa ubuthi ngemikhiqizo amandla omlilo, aqede uvalo basishiye. Iyunithi plenum intuthu ukupholisa kusho ukuzimela futhi engaboshiwe isimiso air Amapayipi nokunye ukuxhumana.

Injongo eyinhloko yalolu hlelo - wukuqinisekisa ukubonakala endleleni abantu ngesikhathi sibaleka, unikeze isamba elanele emoyeni ku izitebhisi, imihubhe, oluthi ikheshi, amakamelo yokuxhumana, njll Lokhu kunciphisa ematfuba nokulahlekelwa ukwazi ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya ngu-carbon monoxide futhi kakhulu .. kunciphisa isibalo sezingozi ngesikhathi eziphuthumayo.

Isidingo ukupholisa apharathasi

Ngokwe MOE uma kwenzeka imililo zokuhlala noma zezimboni izakhiwo 70% ababulawa nomaka amandla omlilo imikhiqizo. Intuthu ukupholisa okungukuthi, lahlela kahle, ungakwazi ekusindiseni ukuphila kwabaningi. ERussia, ngenxa imililo izakhiwo wabulala abafika kwabangu-10 eziyinkulungwane. Man. Ukuze uqhathanise, eChina, i-sibalo okungukuthi 1.5 ayizinkulungwane. Man elinabantu 1.4 billion. Man. E-US, inani elikhulu labantu imililo unyaka ngamunye zibulawa ayizinkulungwane 3. Man.

Ngakho-ke, ukunikezelwa and qeda intuthu ukupholisa iyadingeka ukusebenza kwe-ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo. Ngo yethu yezwe, ukuvama umlilo amacala ku-25 indaba izakhiwo hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-20 izikhathi ngonyaka. ngesilinganiso okunjalo ongaphakeme kulo lonke izwe sibonisa indlela esebenza kahle a yesimanje, kubalwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho futhi izibonelo intuthu ukupholisa ukunikezela hlobo.

Kodwa ezakhiweni ezindala nenombolo izibuya kusuka 17 kuya 25 minyaka yonke kwenzeka 650 amacala umlilo nokufa ezimweni 20. I storey izakhiwo 6-9, lesi sibalo antante 350, ne 8 ayizinkulungwane. Amacala imililo. Kodwa izindlu 5 storey unyaka ngamunye inani izisulu kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 9. Man. Lokhu okungukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka ngempumelelo izinhlelo umlilo outflow amandla omlilo imikhiqizo.

Imisebenzi uhlelo

Ngokusho imithetho SP 7.13130.2009 ukufakwa plenum intuthu ukupholisa liyadingeka ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo, izakhiwo Ihhovisi, komhlaba car amapaki, car amapaki, ihhovisi izakhiwo.

Umgomo we operation kwanoma iyiphi ukupholisa intuthu wukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi kahle futhi silondoloze impahla uma kunengozi yomlilo. Futhi, uhlelo uvumela ukufinyelela abatakuli ngaphakathi isakhiwo esiku equkethe ukusabalala imikhiqizo umlilo ngezindlela abantu abalandela.

Plenum intuthu ukupholisa kuyoba ngcono nakakhulu izingxenye ezishintshayo ohlelweni. Izinzwa uzophendula ngokushesha ukuze okuvela imililo kanye intuthu, ukudlulisa isibonakaliso yokuhlola. kusebenze Automatic ohlelweni ngeke lusivumele ukuba sibhekane nezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma uhlobo intuthu ukupholisa ukunikezela inquma kokuqala isimo umlilo, ivula emoyeni valve yokuvuma bese uqala ukusebenza kwawo.

Imisebenzi ubuchwepheshe

Plenum intuthu ukupholisa, esihlinzeka isibonelo ekubalweni SNIP 2.94.05-91, ayikuvumeli ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa iziteshi efanayo ezivamile ukupholisa izinhlelo umusi isizinda. Fan zasendlini thathaza usebenzisa umfutho ophakeme, lapho exosha imikhiqizo amandla omlilo egumbini.

Izibalo zenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kwemigomo izici umsindo, amandla noma yiluphi uhlelo ukugeleza intuthu ukupholisa (isib VKOP-1, nokunye ESSMANN. D.). Uma kuhlelelwa uhlelo uhlelo uyakucabangela esikhundleni ukufakwa ethungatha umusi, kwemigomo iziteshi umdlalo, kanye izindawo isakhiwo lapho izakhi ezidingekayo ohlelweni yilezi.

kwezinkambiso Aqine basikisela ukuthi iyunithi imikhiqizo amandla omlilo qeda ngayinye kufanele kube khona abangaphezu kuka-900 ^m2 izakhiwo. Yabo indawo eduze ophahleni Kusolwa ukuze kube lula. Ngokwesibonelo, uma igumbi Square 1600 m ^2, isibonelo ekubalweni ukupholisa lingase libukeke:

1600/900 = 1.7

Ngakho-ke, ikamelo inikezwe kuyoba ezanele ukwenza linezingxenye ezimbili ngeziteshi ezimele zokuxhumana.

Ukupholisa intuthu ukupholisa ezitebhisini, imihubhe kwenza isihoxiso carbon monoxide ophahleni ngokusebenzisa mpo izingxenye siteshi. Ukuze phansi emabhilidini kanye ezindlini of zokupaka, zokupaka kungenzeka outflow umoya ngokusebenzisa amafasitela nezicabha bengena of Ubukhulu ezithile. Kuphethe izibalo plenum intuthu ukupholisa ngokusebenzisa kwesango noma emafasiteleni, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kudingeka kube geometrically njalo, ukuma elingunxande. Pumps kumelwe athathe umthwalo ngehora elilodwa ezingeni lokushisa 600 ° C no-2 amahora angu-400 ° C. Extractor hood kumelwe aluka okungenani 19 eziyinkulungwane. M ³ emoyeni uquqaba.

Elevator imiphini futhi ezitebhisini

Ngokusho mithetho umlilo Ukuvikelwa, zonke ukuphakama ukwakhiwa 28 amamitha kufanele ifakwe uhlelo ezinjalo, njengoba plenum intuthu ukupholisa izitebhisi futhi ikheshi kushaft. Lokhu kungenxa ubude imishini kuhlengwe abantu anawo abatakuli ngesikhathi. Khulisa yabo isitebhisi singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-28 m.

Uma isakhiwo kunqoba phansi ezingaphezu kuka 28 m, le ezitebhisini kumele yakhelwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa ku 2nd nezadymlyaemosti noma uhlobo 3rd. Ukuvikelwa Intuthu ezakhiweni ezinjalo nje kubalulekile.

Ukubala of ophoqelelwe intuthu ukupholisa kufanele inikezwe ongoti abafanelekayo ngezitifiketi ilungelo ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo.

sphere kwesicelo

Ngaphezu 28 m amade ophoqelelwe ukupholisa ukuqeda intuthu ngempela edingekayo ukusebenzisa imihubhe phezu 15 m ngaphandle kokukhanya zemvelo, emaholo jikelele nge ukufinyelela nezadymlyaemye ezitebhisini. Uma egumbini elingaphansi noma Esitezi kukhona ukukhanya yemvelo, plenum intuthu ukupholisa ephasishi kufanele kube impoqo. Futhi, lezi izinhlelo asetshenziswa ukufaka lapho ibanga ukusuka emajukujukwini ngasemnyango kokwehla ingaphezu 12 m.

Ngoba Atria nokuwela ukuphakama ezingaphezu kuka-15 ukuphakama, futhi ku balcony noma eminyango, ebhekene kulezi zakhiwo kumele kwenziwe osenyameni imikhiqizo amandla omlilo nakanjani. ukuxhumana Ukwakhela imihubhe kufanele sigcwaliswe ngokwehlukile izinhlelo ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye commercial.

intuthu Ukususa ikhiqizwa enobungozi izindawo endaweni engekho ngaphezulu kuka-1600 m ^3, okumele abe kuhlukaniswe.

Imithetho design and ukufakwa

Ekubaleni kwemigomo ohlelweni lokuthengwa kwempahla uhlobo dymootvedeniya ku-akhawunti esiphezulu ovumelekile ingcindezi uthola lemigubazi avaliwe futhi evulekile, outflow isilinganiso emoyeni kusukela ekamelweni, futhi izinga lokushisa yayo lapho umlilo kwenzeka. Plenum intuthu ukupholisa ngokusebenzisa emnyango wamasango, emafasiteleni noma ophahleni kufanele bacabangele lokushisa komoya ehlobo kanye nomoya. It inenani ekubaleni endaweni amathuba ukuhamba emoyeni uquqaba.

Ongoti, ngokusekelwe izimo egumbini, athathe isinqumo kukhethwa abalandeli, Amapayipi valve. Air imiphini kumele yakhelwe ngokuhambisana namazinga nezimfuneko zokuphepha umlilo.

Lapho kubalwa ukupholisa ukumelwa yohlobo kuthathwe njengesisekelo ukuthi ukugeleza komoya kusukela ngaphandle kuphela esebenzisa abafanele air eyanele amaphuzu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngokwanele kude izindawo intuthu.

Umoya kumele bondliwe ngesivinini kancane (ngaphansi kuka 1 m / sec) kanye nombala basakaza emhlabeni izakhiwo. Futhi kubhekelwe lapho ukuklama emoyeni akufanele bangene ngaphansi nangaphezulu futhi ukufinyelela umngcele engezansi Cishe indawo intuthu. Plenum intuthu ukupholisa, isampula okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa traffic ukugeleza komoya uquqaba kufanele ahlinzeke intuthu nedosyaganie eliphezulu umnyango umngcele phakathi basishiye. Air ukuvuza u ebalwe ifomula elandelayo:

G = F (ΔP / S) 0.5, lapho

F - endaweni Sectional ukugeleza valve, m ^2;

ΔP - Pressure iconsi yonkana valve ivaliwe, Pa;

S - resistivity umphini gazopronitsaniya m ³ / kg.

S Minimal kufanele kube 1.6 × 10 ³ m ³ / kg.

Ezinconyiwe emoyeni outflow kufanele kube 9-11 m / s.

imishini

ukufeza imishini ukupholisa kumele kuhambisane nemibandela lapho cishe kufanele zisebenze.

Amapayipi kufanele wenziwe ngezinto okungezona ezivuthayo zingamelana okweqile eside. Njengoba kuyothenjelwa uthuthwa isisi esinobuthi, evala, kwakheka ngenxa amandla omlilo at emalungeni zichithe iziteshi akufanele kube ukuxhumana okuxekethile.

I abalandeli kumele ukumelana okushisa aphezulu isikhathi eside. Ngokusekelwe idatha ibalwa, futhi imishini blade uhlelo kumele usebenze okungenani isigamu sehora okushisa kusuka 300 kuya 600 ° C. Bona ukudamba ukushisa futhi ahlinzeke wagxila ezidingekile ukugeleza komoya-mpilo kulesi sakhiwo. ilungiselelo Fan kwamukelekile esifakwe ophahleni lwendlu noma ezindongeni zendlu bahluke kwezinye izakhiwo efanayo. Lapho Udla emoyeni ngesivinini 1 m / s ekhiqizwa elikhulu umsindo isici. Plenum intuthu ukupholisa VKOP1 kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ezweni lethu, lapho ukuklama izinhlelo ezinjalo. Abalandeli ngokuvamile ihambisane antivzryvnoy ubuchwepheshe. Ukuze ugweme izingozi ngenxa ukungenisa angaphandle izinto ohlelweni, iziteshi avikelekile nge grilles ekhethekile noma amafasitela. Bona singenziwa ka esobala polycarbonate noma se-aluminium, kube olulodwa-egqinsiwe noma ezimbili-egqinsiwe.

Uma fan isendaweni olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo, kukhona ithuba ukupenda hlupha futhi wenze imishini ukucasha ngaphezulu. abakhiqizi Wanamuhla izinguqulo odongeni-agibele amahhashi ukunikeza fan embedment elincane imishini ku phansi udonga. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba komthungo sihlanganise nabo ngangokunokwenzeka ebusweni odongeni wokwakha. Lokhu kugcina umbono ukubukeka avaliwe. Uma ufaka fan ophahleni akubalulekile kangako ukubukeka kwayo njengoba nezimo yayo zezemvelo. Izakhi izinga uhlelo akufanele londoloza.

valve

Exhaust uhlelo igesi imikhiqizo amandla omlilo ngempela aqukethe i-elementi ezifana valve moya intuthu ukupholisa. He is izinhlobo ezifana:

• ngokujwayelekile evulekile;
• ngokuvamile ivaliwe;
• kabili oyibamba;
• zithunqe.

isimo Normable umkhawulo ka-valve kuboniswa izinhlamvu nezinombolo - ukunciphisa isibalo imizuzu okuyiwona kulesi simo kufinyelelwe.

Zimbili izinhlobo umkhawulo uthi kuzinto ezinjalo kohlelo. E - kwamathambo, mina - ukulahlekelwa ikhono ukwahlukanisa. Uma idatha ishidi Kufanele EI 60 isiqu, kufanele aphathwe njengomuntu nempumelelo konke okusemandleni umngcele komlilo ukumelana 60 imizuzu. Futhi isimo esinjalo sizoba kokubili ngezizathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi isetshenziswa ukuyibonisa.

Imodi yokuhlola uhlobo umphini ngamunye senziwa ezimweni zabo. Ukuze isicelo idivayisi ngamunye kukhona inombolo olungapheli lwemithetho neziqondiso. Ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukusetha ngasinye ngokuya ezikhona.

Ukupholisa isetshenziswa intuthu valve, okuyinto evamile zivaliwe. Uma kwenzeka omlilo, bevula, kodwa kuphela ezindaweni intuthu nokushisa. Ngamanye linezingxenye ngokusho izibalo, kumelwe bahlale kule sikhundla avaliwe.

Plenum intuthu ukupholisa kudivayisi okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa valve avala, ilawula umphini yabo i amandla kagesi ngaphandle kokuphendula kuyanda lokushisa.

Zingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela umlilo ukucindezelwa izinhlelo, futhi zisetshenziswa zombili ngesikhathi eziphuthumayo futhi ngemva kwaso. Ezitebhisini, Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi zasendlini noveranda wayevame ukusebenzisa valve ngokuvamile ivaliwe. Kusukela intuthu, bayehluka kuphela endaweni yesicelo kanye test izindlela ezisohlwini isitifiketi.

Ukusetshenziswa umphini ngamunye kufanele acabangele ezihlukahlukene izimo ngeke abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo.

ukulawula imodi

Intuthu ukupholisa ngenkani angase elawulwa i izindlela othomathikhi bese akude. Imodi okuzenzakalelayo icushiwe phezu ukuthola inzwa umlilo egumbini. uhlelo Remote icushiwe ngokucindezela izinkinobho amakhabethe umlilo noma zokuphuma eziphuthumayo kusukela phansi.

Lezi izindlela ezikhethiwe ngesisekelo amacala Kusolakala lomlilo.

Uhlelo Oluvumelana namanye amanxusa umlilo zokucisha nazo kunqunywa nemibandela isakhiwo ikakhulukazi athathwe. Onjiniyela System ebekiwe zimo ezihlukahlukene okungenzeka umlilo, kanye nezindlela ukuqeda ke.

Njengoba bazijwayeze kudivayisi uhlelo ezifana ukupholisa intuthu-ekuvimbeleni ophoqelelwe, kungashiwo kwaphetha ngokuthi idivayisi wayo elungile akuyona kuphela ukuphepha impahla, kodwa futhi nemiphefumulo yabantu abangu-egumbini.