Luhambo oMdala eCrimea - a Funa inqaba

ECrimea akunakubangelwa izindawo okukhulu kakhulu ezindaweni zomhlaba. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izici zemvelo kanye namasiko yale nhlonhlo, futhi lapho kwakuphambana Eastern futhi imihlaba Western, walahlekelwa impucuko kanye lempumelelo nezinye izifundazwe eyodwa. Ezinye zazo wakwazi ukuba lapha okufanayo isikhawu sesikhathi. Isibonelo ubufakazi izenzakalo ezinjalo - inqaba Funa e Alushta.

Kuyini ephawulekayo?

Igama elithi "Funa" lihunyushwa lisuselwa ngesiGreki ngokuthi "Smoky". Igama lakhe ethola behlonipha le Demerdzhi entabeni. Fortress Funa nje wakha phansi kwentaba i-iphakama elihle elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea. Kulezi zindawo, ngasendleleni, abangu ngokudubula edume "eyisithunjwa Caucasian" nezinye amafilimu Soviet.

Endulo ngokusebenzisa le ndawo owawuse Small Silk Road ", okuyinto wasuka Gorzouvites (Gurzuf manje) futhi Aluston (Alushta ezikhathini zanamuhla) ukuze Kafa (manje Feodosia). Hhayi ngengozi kwi ethandwa Umzila wezohwebo enjalo kwakukhona inqaba ukuvikela mahele ezohwebo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqoqa kuzo imali ukudlula.

Fortress Funa sasitholakala njengengxenye Orthodox ubukhulu ka Theodoro, yangaphambili e nesimo njalo Genoese namaSulumane. Area izinqaba lalilincane - 56 ububanzi futhi 106 budze. Ngecala lasentshonalanga ke wangena idwala, nalo lonke izindonga zakhe ezivikelekile ukuzivikela 15 ukuphakama. Okokuqala Funa inqaba sashiwo 1384. Kodwa iningi imithombo kwaqedwa ekwakheni isakhiwo kuyinto eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1422.

nomlando omude

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla, eyaqala ngokushesha ngemva kwalolo suku, kuye kwaholela inqaba wakha futhi kakade 1425. Kodwa ukuhlolwa ayikapheli. Futhi esikhundleni isici ukushaqeka weza imililo eminingi njalo ngokoqobo incinerates inqaba Funa. Ngo 1459 i yokulungiswa obonakalayo owenziwa esakhiweni, okuyinto uye ishintsha le isakhiwo ku-lock. Ngemva kwalokho, esangweni kwakhiwa imikhakha emithathu donzhon ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-15 kanye ukushuba udonga 2,3 metres. Kwakukhona amafulethi feodoriyskogo indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi.

Ngo-1475 le nqaba bekulimele futhi, kulokhu-Ottoman nabaseTurkey. Iningi wahlala ethempelini yayinjalo anikezelwe Feodoru Stratilatu - omkhulu saint neqhawe inkathi koMbusi WaseByzantium uConstantine mina, wethiwa Omkhulu. Khona-ke, ngo-1475, eCrimea lathunjwa abaseTurkey, ekugcineni wabhubhisa inqaba Funa. Futhi bonke abantu bendawo ushiye eyenzeke ku 1894th nciphisa hugest, futhi bangcwabe inkazimulo yangaphambili eyinkimbinkimbi.

Manje indima ebalulekile ifa komlando Ensemble yezakhiwo inqaba ukudlala Funskoy weSonto LaseSt Feodora Stratilata yezincithakalo, okungcono ezigcinwe ngesikhathi ehlaselwa Ottoman nabaseTurkey. ISonto liye ngokuphindaphindiwe lakhiwe futhi kwalungiswa, ngakho-ke sasingekho kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu XX.

Budebuduze amanxiwa blocky okuthiwa kungadala isiphithiphithi ngesimo yizinqwaba izingcezu idwala, amatshe bonke osayizi. Kuyinto nobufakazi obuphathekayo enamandla kanjani ngokuwa 1894 nezinhlekelele ezincane ukuziphilisa okwalandela. Ngakho, umonakalo ebalulekile kakhulu izakhiwo uhlala Yalta washaywa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1927.

imivubukulo

Phakathi kumbiwa isakhiwo wokwakha izindonga iziphandla zatholwa abavubukuli. Abakhi phansi inqaba wokwakha kungenzeka ukuvikela amabutho amnyama ababe iziphambano ngodonga nge izinsalela yabangcwele. Kwatholakala futhi itshe ngemabula esikwazi ukukhulisa usuku ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kanye nezimpawu of Theodoro kwesikhulu. Ikhophi okutholakele isethwe emnyango.

Ngemva bamba eCrimea abahlaseli amaNazi ezinyathelweni legends wendawo mayelana indlovukazi kuyinto ingcebo ukulungele futhi ezifihliwe kulezi izingxenye Gothic Umqhele imivubukulo ezinkulu ayehlelwe. Abazange savusa kwaba nemiphumela emikhulu, kodwa legend umqhele a wangcwatshwa basaphila.

isimo samanje

Namuhla le nqaba Funa - ke bonakalisa emelela inqwaba yemfucumfucu esizeni esontweni ezimbili storey, futhi wonke egcekeni amabhentshi abahwebi Funy, emathaveni izindlu. Kuphela isinqamu eyodwa Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba yesonto, uhlanganyela phezu eceleni komgwaqo ngumuntu engadini ezinkulu, okusikhumbuza esidlule ubukhulu izinqaba. Sibheka eduze emanxiweni, omunye kalula ukucabanga kwenkululeko ukwakhiwa kanye nokuqinisa amandla, ububanzi izindonga okuyinto kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela ngamamitha amabili.

Ngokuhamba emanxiweni Conch ebonakalayo - Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba, owake wakhonza njengomdala altare inqaba isonto. Lelo altare lalingamamitha-cishe lonke kuze namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule. Eduze izakhiwo zokuhlala kusayithi okuyinto manje nje yinqwaba yamatshe. Mayelana ezingamakhulu amathathu amamitha enyakatho emanxiweni zitholakala okungcwatshwa ngayo izakhamuzi sigodi kanti inqaba Funa.

Museum umsebenzi

Namuhla, esizeni inqaba ilungiselelo wangaphambili evulekile air Museum. On endaweni yayo izivakashi sihlangana umbono isakhiwo okubonisa inqaba zamanje. Kusukela izinkambo cishe yonke imizi eCrimea lapha ihlelwe. Izindleko izinkambo Museum ezivulekile Ingubuncane. Hamba emadwaleni engumakhelwane khulula. Museum ivulwa 8:00 kuya ku 17:00.

Funa inqaba: kanjani lapho?

Funy inzuzo ebaluleke - ke kufinyeleleke izivakashi. Ngu izivakashi zakhe oludlulayo, sihambela Simferopol ukuze Alushta. Imisa endleleni, nje isigamu sehora ungabona emanxiweni elashiya inqaba yangempela medieval Funa. A isikhumbuzo esithombeni ku ngemuva izinto YaseCrimea owaziwa kufanele uhlale ku-albhamu yakho.

Lokhu ezithakazelisayo lesikhumbuzo Imivubukulo futhi bokwakhiwa ephakathi esenyakatho emzaneni ekhazimulayo, mayelana ezimbili amakhilomitha away. Ungathola kukhona kusukela Alushta ngebhasi sebhasi edolobheni. On the ingxenye ekhazimulayo, kancane ngezansi Kutuzovsky Lomthombo umgwaqo asphalt. Ungakwazi ukushayela ngemoto. By endleleni, ngo ekhazimulayo nethuba zikhwele amahhashi. Inani izinkampani ahlele kulolo hambo.