Iqembu elincane lezenhlalakahle: izici, izigaba kanye nezinqubo zenhlalo nezengqondo

Iqembu elincane le- psychology social isingxenye esemqoka yokutadisha. Abososayensi baqoqa izinto ezicebile nezokuhlola, okwakwenza ukuba kwenziwe okwenziwe ngokwesayensi nokwakha isisekelo semfundo sokuqondisa. Ake sicabangele amaphuzu aphambili.

Iqembu elincane lezenhlalakahle linyunyana yabantu abathintana nabo ngqo futhi baxhunywe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, ubuhlobo obunjalo noma obuzwelayo. Amalungu ayo ayazi ukuthi angabakhe futhi aqashelwa ngabanye.

Umphakathi onjalo ngokuvamile uhlanganisa inombolo encane yabantu, futhi ukubunjwa kunqunywa izici zomphakathi (iminyaka, ubulili, imfundo, ubuzwe, njll) nezinombolo.

Iqembu elincane lomphakathi linesakhiwo esihlukene esingachazwa:

• Okokuqala, imisebenzi yamalungu ayo emisebenzini ehlangene;
• Okwesibili, izindima (izenzo ezilindelekile) zomuntu, okuyimisebenzi ethile eqondisiwe;
• Okwesithathu, izinkambiso (imiyalelo, izidingo, izifiso zokuziphatha okuvunyelwe umphakathi).

Iqembu elincane lezenhlalakahle lingenziwa ngezigaba eziningana.

Okokuqala, okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa indlela yokwakheka:

• Okuhlelekile, okuvela ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi ethize enhlanganweni, futhi eqenjini livela kubantu abathathu kuya kwabayishumi nanhlanu;
• Okungakahleleki, okwenziwe ngesisekelo sokwabelana kanye nezithakazelo, lapho kungaba khona abantu abathathu kuya kwabayishumi.

Okwesibili, izinga lokwakheka kobudlelwane bomuntu ohlukanisa ubudlelwane bomuntu lihlukile:

• Iqembu elincane lezenhlalakahle elihlukile, elingazifunela;
• Iqoqo, eyakhiwe njengoba kudingeka.

Okwesithathu, amaqembu alandelayo ahlukaniswa ngokubaluleka komuntu ngamunye kubo:

• Kumele kube khona wonke amalungu (lokhu, njengomthetho, izinhlangano ezihleliwe);
• I-reference group encane yezenhlalakahle ngumphakathi onemibandela noma yangempela lapho umuntu ngamunye azozihlanganisa khona njengendlela oyisibonelo, nokuhlolwa, izindinganiso, imibono kanye nezindlela ezizoqondiswa ekuziphatheni.

Imiphakathi enjalo yomphakathi inemisebenzi ethile:

• Okuvamile nokuqhathanisa. Kusho ukuthi kuhlanganiswa amazinga nezindlela zokuziphatha, kanye nokuhlolwa kwabantu abazungezile nabaqondile.
• I-instrumental ixhunywe neqiniso lokuthi kuyadingeka ukuhlela imisebenzi ehlangene.
• Umsebenzi wokusekela nokuchaza uhlotshaniswa nokuqinisekisa izidingo zomzwelo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ezingxenyeni ezincane zezenhlalakahle, izinqubo ezehlukene zenzeka, ngenxa yalokho iqembu lishintsha indlela yalo futhi likhula.

Okuyinhloko yi- dynamics yeqembu. Libhekisela ezinkambweni zokungabambisani kweqembu noma ukuhlanganiswa, ukuvela kobuholi obuhlelekile nokungahleleki, ukwakheka kwemigomo nemithetho, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa okungavumelekile ngaphakathi kokuhlelekile, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa nokuzwela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubalulekile nakancane inqubo yokwakha imigomo yeqembu elikhona, okungukuthi, imithetho yokuthuthukisa yomuntu ngamunye. Izindinganiso ezinjalo zikhuthaza ukusebenzisana kweqembu eliphumelelayo, futhi iqembu elincane lezenhlalakahle lizobambisana kakhulu. Ngenxa yemithetho ekhona, ingcindezi kumuntu ngamunye izokhula. Ngakho-ke, iqembu ngosizo lwabo lingaphoqa wonke umuntu ukuba alandele imithetho, asekele ukuhlanganiswa kwamalungu eqenjini.

Inqubo yesithathu yukuthi emphakathini omncane wezenhlalakahle kuphakanyiswa uhulumeni othile. Umholi ukhethwe, okungenzeka kube ngokomthetho, owaqokwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi engakahleleki, okukhethwa yiqembu. Amanye amalungu omphakathi kufanele awazi ngokucacile imisebenzi nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo.