Inhliziyo valve: incazelo, isakhiwo, imisebenzi kanye zamehlo

Inhliziyo valve - kwenye yezingxenye kwenhliziyo yomuntu. Lungisa umsebenzi wabo inikeza hhayi kuphela umsebenzi esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kodwa futhi wonke umzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi kungakanani we valve inhliziyo umuntu, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, kanjani ukuqaphela izimpawu zesifo i valvular.

inhliziyo yomuntu

Izibilini nenhliziyo yomuntu isicubu eziyize. Lakhiwa emakamelweni ezine: kwesokunxele bese ATRIUM kwesokudla, ilungelo kanye ventricle kwesokunxele. I Atria ukuze ventricles kuhlanganiswe iphiko enezinto. Isigqi inhliziyo kuyehla, futhi izingxenye igazi ivela Atria kuya ventricles. valve Semilunar ukuxhuma ventricles nemithambo yegazi ngokusebenzisa igazi ukhiphe ngokusuka enhliziyweni ku le-aorta ne-pulmonary Umthambo.

Ngakho, udabula ilungelo igazi egumbini nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu-carbon dioxide futhi emaphashini ngoba oxygenation. A igazi ovela emaphashini ngokusebenzisa ohlangothini lwesobunxele inhliziyo libuyiselwa egazini. Ukuqinisekisa njalo ukudonsa igazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha - umsebenzi main eyenziwa inhliziyo.

valve inhliziyo

Idivayisi umphini iyadingeka inqubo uzotshala igazi. Inhliziyo valve uvumele ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni efanele futhi ngobungako kwesokudla. Amaphayiphu - ke folds we ulwelwesi engaphakathi imisipha yenhliziyo. Lolu hlobo "iminyango" ababedlula ukugeleza kwegazi kwelinye direction futhi kuvimbele ezinyakazayo yayo emuva. I valve zivulwa ngesikhathi ukusikwa komqondo imisipha yenhliziyo. Ubude enhliziyweni yomuntu has valve amane, amabili iphiko noma ezimbili semilunar:

1. Bicuspid valve mitral.
2. Tricuspid valve tricuspid.
3. valve Semilunar ekugcineni kwesiqu yamaphaphu. elinye igama layo - yamaphaphu.
4. Semilunar umphini yomthambo i-aorta noma valve yomthambo i-aorta.

Inhliziyo valve ezivuliwe futhi ivalwe ngokuvumelana ukunciphisa uhambisane we Atria futhi ventricles. Kusukela operation yabo zokuvumelanisa kuncike izitsha egazini, ngakho-ke saturation-mpilo womuntu emangqamuzaneni omzimba.

Umsebenzi valve apharathasi

Igazi, esebenza ezikebheni enhliziyweni, eqoqwe ku ATRIUM kwesokudla. клапан. Ngaphezu kwalokho uyephuza intuthuko yayo valve tricuspid. Lapho kuvula, igazi ingena i-ventricle yangakwesokudla kusukela lapho axoshwe ngokusebenzisa valve yamaphaphu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini ngoba oxygenation, kwabe kuqondiswe ku-ATRIUM kwesokunxele ngokusebenzisa valve-aorta. Inhliziyo mitral umphini uxhuma ekamelweni kwesokunxele futhi kuvimbela igazi ukugeleza phakathi kwabo, okuvumela igazi zanqwabelana. Ngemva ukugeleza kwegazi ku-ventricle engakwesobunxele futhi efaka kuyo ngenani elithandekayo igazi ukhiphe ku le-aorta ngokusebenzisa valve yomthambo i-aorta. Kubuyekeziwe kusukela egazini aorta uyaqhubeka ukuhamba kwayo izitsha, ekwandiseni umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.

Pathology we valve inhliziyo

Imisebenzi umphini wukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni. Uma siyabhubha isigqi ibe ivula ivala apharathasi valve, ama-valve inhliziyo zivaliwe noma cha usuvulekile, lokho kungase kubangele ezihlukahlukene izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Kwazeke ukuthi pathologies ezivamile angaphansi mitral kanye valve yomthambo i-aorta.

Inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini ijwayeleke kakhulu kubantu abeve eminyakeni engu ayisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhliziyo isifo umphini kungaba inkinga ngemuva kwamanye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izingane nazo ukungenwa izifo apharathasi valve. Ngokuvamile, lokhu malformation azalwa nako.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ama senhliziyo futhi stenosis. Ngezinye ukwehluleka valve uvala uvalwe, futhi ingxenye yegazi ebuyiselwa. Ngokuthi stenosis ukuvaleka valve, okusho valve akawuvuli ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi inhliziyo yalesi zokugula ihlangabezana sindisa njalo njengoba ibenze igazi kudinga umzamo ngaphezulu.

valve prolapse

Inhliziyo umphini prolapse - yikona okuvamile, okuyinto kunqunywa udokotela izikhalo isiguli phezu ukungasebenzi yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo kungaphansi umphini mitral zenhliziyo. Prolapse kwenzeka ngoba zezinzwa izicubu isici kulo, kwakhiwa lapho valve is. Umphumela wale ukukhubazeka akulona ngokugcwele valve avaliwe futhi outflow wegazi kwenzeka kolunye uhlangothi.

Ukuhlukanisa Phakathi zamabanga aphansi naphezulu valve prolapse. prolapse Primary libhekisela izifo azalwa naso, lapho zezinzwa izicubu ukukhubazeka kukhona yofuzo. prolapse Secondary kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwesifuba, isilethikusebenza noma rheumatism.

Ngokuvamile, prolapse umphini ongathwali nemiphumela engathi sína nempilo yabantu kanye iphathwa kalula. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kungase kube yezinkinga ezifana arrhythmias (isigqi ukuphazamiseka Kufinyeta senhliziyo esilimele), ukwehluleka kanye nabanye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, impatho liyadingeka imithi noma surgically.

Esingamahlalakhona futhi stenosis we-apharathasi valve

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukwehluleka futhi stenosis kuyinto endocarditis rheumatism. Beta-hemolytic streptococcus - imbangela ukuvuvukala rheumatoid arthritis, inhliziyo ukufinyelela eshintsha oyiyo morphological. Ngenxa yalokho lezi izinguquko valve inhliziyo ziqala ukusebenza ngendlela ehlukile. valve izindonga nalesichubekako singaba sifisha, elibangela elibangelwa ukwehluleka, noma ukuvaleka le orifice valve (stenosis).

Ngenxa yezinto imfiva rheumatism avame esingamahlalakhona mitral kwabadala. Stenosis ngemuva fever rheumatism kungaphansi yomthambo i-aorta noma mitral inhliziyo valve ezinganeni.

Kukhona into efana "ukuhluleka isihlobo". Lokhu zokugula kwenzeka lapho isakhiwo umphini awuzange ushintshe, kodwa umsebenzi walo iphazamisekile, okungukuthi, igazi indiza ebuyayo. Lokhu kungenxa ikhono kahle wenhliziyo ungenwa, ukunwetshwa umgodi ekamelweni inhliziyo nokunye. ukuhluleka Inhliziyo is bakha njengoba izinkinga zokwenza isilethikusebenza, kardiosklerosis, izimila imisipha yenhliziyo.

Ukungabi khona stenosis afanelekayo ekwelapheni kanye esingamahlalakhona kungaholela enganele ukugeleza kwegazi, zangaphakathi izitho sokuwohloka, umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Izimpawu valve isifo

Symptomatology yesifo senhliziyo incike kobukhulu kanye nobungako isifo. Njengoba isifo kwandisa umthwalo imisipha yenhliziyo. Njengoba nje inhliziyo ukuba sibhekane nale umthwalo, lesi sifo singumbulali asymptomatic. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zingase zihlanganise:

• iphika;
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile;
• Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini njalo;
• ubuhlungu esifubeni.

Ngo senhliziyo ngokuvamile ebonisa ukuntula emoyeni, nesiyezi. Isiguli wazibonela ubuthakathaka futhi babekhathele kakhulu. prolapse azalwa naso we valve mitral kubonakala izingane ubuhlungu episodic ku sternum ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma uhlobo. prolapse Kutholiwe kuhambisana palpitations inhliziyo, isiyezi, iphika, ubuthakathaka.

Lezi zimpawu zingase futhi abonisa phezu dystonia vegetative-semithambo, isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo yomthambo i-aorta, umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni nezinye izifo zenhliziyo. Kule ndaba, kubalulekile yikona okunembile, okuyinto zembula ukuthi ukungasebenzi ulunika valve inhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kwe-isifo kuncike ngokuphelele ku uphethwe yini.

izifo

Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala kunomonakalo inhliziyo valve ngokushesha kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukwamukelwa uqhuba udokotela, uphethwe esichazayo futhi kadokotela ukwelashwa amadili nge onguchwepheshe ewumngcingo - wenhliziyo. Udokotela ulalela inhliziyo ukubona umsindo, ukuhlola umlando lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho survey yayiqhutshelwa wenhliziyo.

Ukuxilongwa isifo senhliziyo Kwenziwa usebenzisa izindlela wezinsimbi. Echocardiogram isifundo esiyinhloko evunyelwe isifo valve. It ikuvumela ukukala usayizi inhliziyo neminyango yayo, ukukhomba ukwephula valve. Kuvele electrocardiogram uloba izinga enhliziyweni, kubonisa arrhythmia, ischemia, hypertrophy inhliziyo. X-ray of the inhliziyo kubonisa ushintsho nentaba of imisipha yenhliziyo nokubaluleka kwalo. Sitholakele valvular catheterization ezibalulekile. A ipayipi ufakwa vein futhi uqhubekile enhliziyweni, lapho elinganisa ingcindezi.

Ukubulala amagciwane

Ezokwelapha kubandakanya imithi amalungiselelo okuhloswe ngaso ukususwa izimpawu ngcono ukusebenza inhliziyo. kokungenela Steel okuhloswe ngaso ekushintsheni ukuma valve noma esikhundleni salo. Uhlinzwe ukuze kulungiswe isimo, njengoba umthetho, iziguli ukubekezelela ungcono ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anticoagulants ongowenhliziyo umphini iziguli esikhundleni abangu iqondiswa, okuyinto ngokweqa kudingeka bonyana asetjenziswe kukho konke ukuphila.

Nokho, uma ungakwazi ukulungisa ukungapheleli valve, kukhona isidingo ukushintshwa. Njengoba imilenze usebenzisa mechanical noma yemvelo inhliziyo valve. Intengo sokwenziwa incike ezweni lendabuko. lokufakelwa kwezitho Russian ishibhile kwezilwandle.

On kukhethwa uhlobo umphini yokufakelwa ehlaselwe izici eziningana. Lona yobudala isiguli, khona ezinye izifo kohlelo eziphathelene nenhliziyo, kanye onjani umphini kumele esikhundleni.

izimila Mechanical isikhathi eside kodwa adinga esaphila ukwamukela coagulants. Lokhu kubangela nobunzima kule ukufakwa abesifazane zabo ezincane abahlela ukuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo, njengoba yokwamukela mithi is contraindicated ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Endabeni ka esikhundleni valve tricuspid setha nolwelwesi begazi, ngenxa indawo valve ohlelweni ukugeleza. Kwezinye izimo, uma kungekho ezinye Izimo, Kunconywa ukufaka valve lokukhanda.