Arterial ukopha: usizo lokuqala, obusa ngelungiselelo yayo

Igazi - uketshezi emzimbeni womuntu wenza imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana. It ihambisa i-oksijini ukuze izitho, izakhamzimba, amahomoni, ama-enzyme, kuyasiza kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa emzimbeni njalo, ukuvikela ezifweni, njengoba kwaveza omzimba. Ngu zokugwema ukuphuka wesikebhe igazi ayizange kahle imisebenzi yayo. Lokhu kuphakamisa izinguquko ezinkulu emzimbeni futhi ukuphila kusengozini. Omunye izimo kungaholela nakhona kwaba nemiphumela efanayo - kuyinto lwemithambo ukopha. Usizo lokuqala for kubalulekile.

Nasi ukopha mafomu

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ukopha kwemithambo yegazi, kufanele kuqala ukuthola impendulo yombuzo yiziphi izinhlobo ukwephula kukhona ubuqotho semithambo. It kuncike ke ukunikeza usizo lokuqala. Ukopha kwenzeka:

• igazi;
• emithambo yegazi;
• capillary.

Lapho ukopha zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi elahlekile. Ingozi main lokulimala imithambo yegazi ukunciphisa ivolumu wegazi afundwa ngomzimba neziyaluyalu hemodynamic.

Kuyini lwemithambo ukopha, okuyizinto esivela izimpawu?

Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi lwemithambo ukopha ngaphandle uketshezi ezibaluleke kakhulu begazi nomzimba womuntu ngokusebenzisa Umthambo lilimele. Zinikeza igazi elinomoya-mpilo, yiwo ogelezela ovela emaphashini kwezinye izitho. Arterial ukopha ikakhulukazi eziba khona phakathi nenkathi ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, ngoba imithambo zitholakala ekujuleni izicubu, itholakala eduze amathambo.

Ingabe lwemithambo ukopha izimpawu kanye nosizo lokuqala kufanele inikwe emva ukuthola kwabo:

• Igazi esivela egqamile ebomvu luhlaza;
• It lichitheke emthonjeni wamanxeba;
• Ukusakaza ageleza, Ukwedlula ngokuhambisana amabhithi inhliziyo;
• ukwanda ngokushesha komsebenzi echibini legazi emhlabeni ethintekile (yilo umbandela, ukucacisa lwemithambo ukopha lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho isilonda ethintekile ayibonakali).

Indlela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemithambo yegazi opha capillary kanye emithambo yegazi?

Usizo lokuqala for capillary, emithambo yegazi, lwemithambo ukopha lihlukile. Kulezi zinhlobo izimpawu semithambo zihlukile:

• nge emithambo yegazi ukopha begazi uketshezi cherry umthunzi notshwala nombala kusukela wamanxeba;
• nge igazi capillary ageleza nombala kusukela kubo bonke ubuso isilonda, njengoba impregnates labo kwezicubu zilimele.

Njengoba igazi ngokushesha lwemithambo ukopha ubangelwa umzimba ke ematfuba ukushaqeka nokufa kuphezulu. Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukuqala ngaso izimpawu zokuqala ziye zathinta indoda ngosizo lokuqala.

izimiso Jikelele usizo lokuqala uma umonakalo kwemithambo yegazi

Usizo lokuqala for lwemithambo ukopha kusekelwe ezimisweni eziningana:

1. Ukopha futhi ushayele ambulensi.
2. Ukubulala amagciwane amanxeba. Ukuze ezivimba Amagciwane kufanele kube yinto engenzeka ukuthi sisebenzisane ngezandla ezihlanzekile. Kuyadingeka ukuba asingathe emaphethelweni isilonda nge utshwala, vodka, Cologne, elangeni noma ezinye izindlela ezitholakalayo; ngaphambi bandaging abeke phezu eyayonakele impahla oyinyumba; tape kuze isilonda.
3. Ukubeka ezilimele nemilenze isikhafu noma ibhasi.
4. Anesthesia. Uma umuntu kokulimala kakhulu, kutuswa ukusebenzisa analgesics (amaphilisi analgin, amaphilisi tramadol, ice) nokuvimbela ukushaqeka ezibuhlungu.
5. ezokuthutha Safe a isikhungo sokwelapha noma elinde ukufika odokotela ambulensi.

lwemithambo ukopha ukuyeka ukushayana ngamaphutha abazali amahanisi

Lapho kubalulekile ukuba ahlinzeke usizo lokuqala for lwemithambo ukopha nge tourniquet, ukwenza izenzo ezithile:

• ska umfula ezilimele umunwe phezu wamanxeba;
• ukunikeza endaweni engaphuma igazi, isikhundla ephakeme;
• isicelo a tourniquet nokuqopha isikhathi lapho senziwa.

Kukhona imithetho ethile umsebenzi wiring (esikhundleni ungasebenzisa intambo awugqinsi, ibhande, endwangwini eqinile). It lisetshenziswa izingubo eduze kwendawo ethintekile (3-5 cm ngenhla isilonda) futhi ngokuqinile ifindo. Ngo amahanisi yezokwelapha, kukhona izimbobo esikhethekile ukulungiswa. Nge isicelo kwesokudla esitho iba eliphaphathekile ishayela kwakhe akusona avelayo.

Arterial ukopha, usizo lokuqala: ezicashile usebenzisa amahanisi

I donsa akakwazi eside sibambelele endaweni ezilimele. Isikhathi esiphezulu e ukunqunywa isikhathi efudumele - 2 amahora in the izinkathi abandayo yonyaka - 1 ihora. Uma isikhathi kuyinto ephephile tourniquet, bese zonke yehora buthaka ke imizuzu 5 endaweni ethintekile ihlinzekwa ngegazi. Lapho uyeka idivayisi ukopha kuyinto likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa, kodwa zizoqhubeka nokuqapha izisulu. Uma uketshezi begazi futhi uqala ukuba makhaza, a tourniquet sisetshenziswa futhi ngaphezu indawo lapho etholakala ngaphambili.

Uma ngasizathu simbe akusho buthaka lifake ayisuswanga ngesikhathi, kwaba emzimbeni ezingaphezu kuka-3 amahora, akunakwenzeka ukususa. Iqiniso lokuthi ezinye amaseli wayeshone ngenxa yokuntuleka mpilo nezakhi isikhumba izibonakaliso kwezicubu ukufa. Lapho kokukhipha igazi amahanisi ngeke iyangena kule ndawo. Ngo uketshezi begazi uthole ubuthi kwakheka izicubu efile. Bayoba zasakazekela umzimba. Ukusabalala izinto eziyingozi kuzoholela kokufa wonke umzimba.

Hemostasis ezindaweni ezicezile ukuze tourniquet

kuyingozi kakhulu ngopha Umthambo femoral. Lapho ubuqotho isitsha igazi lesion isisulu ungafa amasekhondi 30-40, usizo lokuqala ngakho ngoba lwemithambo ukopha emkhawulweni kufanele inikwe ngokushesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi tourniquet kule sayithi akulula kangako. On imisipha ethangeni Yinkhulu futsi amafutha mass. Ngokusebenzisa kunzima phusha Umthambo. Ukuze nigweme ukusaphaza Kunconywa ukuba ucindezele ngenqindi yakhe phezu endaweni lapho isitsha igazi, futhi ngesikhathi tourniquet kufanele ibekwe ngaphansi ku into kanzima (itshe, iselula), ngebhandeshi roller.

Lapho ukuhlukumeza Kutholwe ubuqotho isikhumba entanyeni lwemithambo ukopha, usizo lokuqala is kanje:

• lisetshenzisiwe ucezu isilonda ngendwangu bese aboshezelwa Umthambo carotid kanye lesion;
• ke Olimele ibekwe, isandla sakhe kude isilonda, uzozala ikhanda lakhe;
• isetshenziswa umqulu nilimaza ka ngebhandeshi noma ithawula futhi umthetho tourniquet, ngokuhudula kuye ngokusebenzisa ingalo ethintekile (wiring kumele yayicindezele roller).

Amaphutha ukuthi ngeke kuvunyelwe wonke ekuhlinzekweni kwezinhlelo usizo lokuqala

Uma Kutholwe ukopha kwemithambo yegazi, usizo lokuqala kufanele banikezwe ilungelo, ngenxa kwezinyathelo ezathathwa incike ukuphila kwabantu abathintekayo:

1. Awukwazi sisebenzise tourniquet endaweni eziyisisekelo emzimbeni. Lapho kokuqina kungalimaza isikhumba. Lapho endaweni Imbondela kungekho izingubo, ke kufanele ufakwe ngaphansi donsa indwangu.
2. Asikwazi ukuvala ingubo amahanisi noma izingubo. It kumele ubonakale umuntu ihumusha usizo lokuqala.
3. Ngeke ingasetshenziswa njengendlela wire amahanisi, intambo mncane, Twine. Konke lokhu kungalimaza isikhumba.
4. Ungasusi athé izinto isilonda. Susa kubo ochwepheshe lapho isisulu uyiswa esibhedlela.
5. Uma indawo emzimbeni ngezansi tourniquet kwaba ukuvuvukala atholwe tinge bluish, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-tourniquet lasetshenziswa ngokungalungile. Kuyadingeka ukuba umchilo futhi ukufaka isicelo kabusha, ugcine zonke imithetho usizo lokuqala.

mkhuba njalo ubhekwa lwemithambo ukopha emithambo yegazi. Usizo lokuqala - nenkinga ukuthi kuwufanele ukuhlola umuntu ngamunye, ngoba akekho iphephile ekulimaleni, hits ezingozini zomgwaqo. Kufinyeta, singaqokomisa amaphuzu ambalwa ezibalulekile. Uma umuntu ethintekile ukopha esindayo kakhulu, akufanele ukuchitha isikhathi ukugeza izandla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kumelwe sithathe isinyathelo efanele futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka. Uma isiguli ilahlekelwe igazi eliningi, udinga ukumisa lwemithambo ukopha, walala umuntu, oqeda nemilenze ephansi futhi uphuze amanzi noma itiye elimnandi.