Inhlangano i-Economic Cooperation and Development amazwe. OECD kanye nemisebenzi yayo

I-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development yinhlangano wezizwe eziningi eenarheni ezithuthukako ukuze kabusha inqubomgomo ezivamile European ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ukwethulwa okuthiwa LukaMarshall. Cabanga ucacisa oyiyo eziyisisekelo kanye nokusebenza.

Marshall uhlelo

Ngakho, ke ayeseqalile kufike emuva 1948 kohlaka uhlelo ebekwe ngonyaka odlule le Wezangaphandle George Marshall. Njengoba yaziwa, umphumela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili isibe ukuntengantenga impela ngokwezimali kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Futhi uma iSoviet Union ukuze ubhekane bebodwa, ukuvala kwababusi yensimbi yakhe isibhakela umashiqela Europe lalingamanxiwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba isakhiwo ngempela wahlukana.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, umlando Lensimbi iqala lapha. I-International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development wayezelwe e-United States njengoba panacea ngemishophi post-yimpi, wawa-Europe. Ngo-1948 e-Paris kwakukhona umhlangano abamele 16 emazweni Western Europe. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi abaholi bakhe bamenywa emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu. Nokho, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange ibhekwa lokhu kuwusongo izithakazelo zabo siqu futhi awazange abavumele ukuba singaya emhlanganweni.

yensimbi kwesihenqo

Amalungu lokuqala Inhlangano for Economic Cooperation and Development - is Yiqiniso, e-United States futhi kwamanye amazwe Western Europe, okuyinto, kanye nosizo lwezimali kuthabathela ecaleni American ngokuhambisana LukaMarshall elinikeziwe. Yayihlanganisa United Kingdom, France, Italy, West eJalimane naseNetherlands. Lawa mazwe uthole infusions kakhulu imali, futhi ngokulandelana nokuncipha inani ezezimali etshaliwe US kuzo. Nokho, isimo sokuthunjwa esiyinhloko kwemali izinkomba baseMelika ukubeka nokuqedwa oda party kula mazwe yikuphi ukuthambekela lamaKhomanisi. Ngakho, e-United States baqala ukulawula futhi wenza isimo nemigomo eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Esinye isici esibalulekile nasekuqiniseni ngxabano amazwe bezombangazwe baleli Bloc ekulweni neSoviet Union futhi emazweni eziye ithole ngenxa besigaba kwempi ngaphansi kwethonya lakamuva.

izinzuzo US

Ngokwemvelo,-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) kuyinto oqondile iyasebenza izithakazelo US, ngoba ngale ndlela ayakwazi ngokukhalipha ukutshala omningi imali nje kuphela - dollar angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-eziyishumi, kodwa futhi inzuzo ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yezolimo, it is kakhulu ezidingekayo yezwe, sekonakele, ikakhulukazi imigomo yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani. On nezidingo emazweni-abahlanganyeli umfelandawonye ukunikeza izindlela zokukhiqiza bathumela nempahla, njengoba ku eminyakeni yempi United States bakwazi ukwakha ivolumu enkulu kangaka ukukhiqizwa isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona. Ngenxa yalokho, lo nosizo kuye kwaphumela kwencika enkulu nakakhulu ku-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-United States.

Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo i-OECD

Esikhathini 60s iqhaza yandile futhi liyaqhubeka likhula kuze kube yilolu suku. I-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has okwamanje amalungu 34. Ikomkhulu Paris, futhi indikimba ebusayo kuyinto ebhodini abamele amazwe iqhaza. Zonke izenzo esihlelwe amalungu aso, ukuthuthukiswa noma yiziphi izinqumo ezenziwe ngesisekelo ukuvumelana. Faka kuhlu amazwe of the Inhlangano for Economic Cooperation and Development. Ngaphezu amalungu okukhulunywe ngaphambilini 2015 kuhlanganise: Australia, Austria, iBelgium, Hungary, Greece, Denmark, Israyeli, e-Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Canada, Luxembourg, eMexico, New Zealand, iNorway, iPoland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey Finland, Czech Republic, eChile, Switzerland, Sweden, e-Estonia, South naseJapane.

umsebenzi

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ukuxhumanisa nemisebenzi kohlaziyo ezindaweni ezilandelayo: zemali, noma kunalokho, ukulwa lesi simanga, ngaphezu, nokucindezela abantu ababalekela ukukhokha intela, ukufumbathisa, ukonakala, kanye nezinye izingqinamba of ubudlelwano yemali phakathi kwezinhlaka ezehlukene emphakathini.

Eqinisweni, it is a platform for izingxoxo kubasekeli phakathi amazwe angamalunga ngezindaba eshiwo ngenhla. It ituse abathile ukuba namalungu enhlangano ekubhekaneni nezinselele eziningi zomnotho ukuthi nazo ngohlaka yomsebenzi wezomnotho ku insimu yalo.

umlando wanamuhla

I-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) njalo ucabangela iziphakamiso ubulungu ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1996, amazwi anjengokuthi bafaka emazweni aseBaltic kanye Russia, kodwa bonke sinqatshelwe. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-2010 e-Estonia, ukuthi ivunyelwe ukuze ujoyine umfelandawonye.

Ngo-2005, it is ucabangela ukwamukelwa of umbimbi China. Konke lokhu kwaqala iziphakamiso likaNobhala-Jikelele we-OECD, wathi ngesikhathi sakhe, amazwe anjenge ePortugal naseSpain, okuyinto iye yaqhakaza ubushiqela siqu, ezazamukelwa njengoba namalungu enhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezombusazwe ungagxambukeli ezindabeni kwezomnotho. Ngokusho kwakhe, China umnotho ethembisayo embulungeni yonke. It ihambisa ivolumu enkulu of okuhlinza emakethe emhlabeni. Futhi izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezulu ekhonjiwe OECD uNobhala-jikelele besekela umqondo. Nokho, inkinga ayikahlanganiswa ukuxazululwa. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ezinye inqubekelaphambili DPRK, njengoba-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development elinikwe ithuba ukuhlola isimo ezweni. Lokho ngokuvamile kuyisandulela entry isimo phakathi kwababusi-OECD.

ERussia kanye OECD

ubudlelwane ngingakhululeki ukuxhuma live letfu-OECD. Udaba wakhuliswa Russia ngo-1996, njengoba sekushiwo. Nokho, okokuqala, kwaba ukwenqaba ngokuqinile ngenxa kungalingani enkulu amazinga ezweni Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Lokhu akuvimbeli kobuholi Russian Federation ukuqhubeka siyolwela ukuba kube inkinga.

Lezi zenzo uholé yokuthi kwanqunywa ngo-2007 ukuze uqale izingxoxo ubulungu OECD izinkombandlela. Isinyathelo esibalulekile kule isiqondiso kwaba ukwethulwa Russia ku-World Trade Organization ngo-2012. Luyingqophamlando olandelayo kwaba isimemezelo lwekhanda lalowo okhethwe OECD ukuthi ngo-2015 eRussia kuzothatha ubulungu of the Inhlangano for Economic Cooperation and Development enifeza timo letifanele. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa usanda kumemezela ukuthi isinqumo ngale ndaba is lihlehliselwe isikhathi esingaziwa. Ngakho silindele thina, abamele isiko, ngisho amathathu edlule uyawachitha noma iliphi ithonya Western kithi.

isiphetho

Inhlangano wadala njengento esetshenziswayo ukusiza wabhubhisa emva kweMpi Yezwe II eYurophu, eyakhelwe ukuzethemba kodwa ngabaholi bezombusazwe United States, ekugcineni aluthola izici self-ekuthuthukiseni kanye self-elawula iminotho elikhulu iplanethi Union, isinyathelo ngenxa ezinhle emhlabeni. Ngempela, imibuzo ukuqeda abantu ababalekela ukukhokha intela, ukufunjathiswa nenkohlakalo kudingeka zixazululwe. Futhi yize lezi zenzakalo ebuhlotsheni babantu ezisuka ekujuleni ngiqaphele abantu Nokho, ngisho ngomzamo enjalo kuyindaba nenhlonipho. Ngokuvamile, isikhundla inhlangano kuyakhuthaza ukuthi isintu ngeke babhekane nezinkinga zomnotho ngenxa yemizamo ahlangene wonke amazwe emhlabeni bebheke nokuzixazulula.