Izinhlangano zomnotho zomhlaba wonke - isimo esihle noma esibi sezwe lanamuhla?

Ikhulu leminyaka lama-20 laphawulwa hhayi nje kuphela ngenqubekelaphambili yezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Ukusebenzisana kwezwe kanye nokwabelana kabusha kwezwe kuye kwabangela ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi simo njengezinhlangano zezomnotho zomhlaba wonke, okubalulekayo okubonwa ngokungaqondakali kokubili ngama-physics kanye nochwepheshe.

Okuyisisekelo salesi simo

Izinhlangano zomnotho zomhlaba wonke zindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuthonya amazwe. Futhi akulona okuningi futhi hhayi kuphela ngokuthi okuthiwa "ukuthuthukisa", kodwa futhi mayelana nalabo athuthukile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umphumela onjalo uyenzeka kanjani, umuntu kufanele aqonde okubalulekile.

Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okumele ikhulunywe ngalezi zinhlangano yilabo abahlanganyele ngokugcwele ebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe. Lesi simo siqinisekiswa ukuthi ekubunjweni kwabo, amazwe athi avumile ukubamba iqhaza ekudluliseni ingxenye yezinga lokungakhuseli kwenhlangano esanda kudalwa emkhakheni wezomnotho. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano zomnotho nezomnotho emhlabeni wonke zinelungelo lokuba khona njengezimele ezizimele zokugqugquzela izintshisekelo zabo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemigomo ebekwe yilezi zincwadi (umhlangano, isimemezelo noma umqulu).

Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlukumeza okuthile kunikezwa ezinhlanganweni ezinjalo , okusho ukuthi kunesibopho sokuthwala umthwalo wemisebenzi yazo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umonakalo.

Njengomthetho, wonke amandla nemisebenzi ehlelwe yilabo abasebenza ngokuyinhloko bomthetho wamazwe omhlaba - ezenzweni ezikhethekile ekusungulweni kwenhlangano. Futhi kukhona okushiwo lezo zimiso ezingase zibandakanye ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlangano ezinjalo.

Izinhlobo nokuhlolwa kokubaluleka

Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi izinhlangano zezwe zomnotho nezomnotho namuhla ziyahlukahluka kakhulu emkhakheni wethonya. Ngakho-ke, zikhona jikelele futhi ezikhethekile.

Iparele lesigaba sokuqala salezi zinhlangano yiWorld Trade Organization, yi- WTO . Kuze kube yimanje, yilo kuphela okucatshangwa ngokufanele ukuthi linethonya elikhulu emkhakheni wezomnotho. Eqinisweni, yi-WTO ebeka imithetho "yomdlalo" emkhakheni wempahla yengqondo, izinsizakalo kanye nokuhweba, okungaphezu kwesisodwa ukubonisa amandla ayo.

Inhlangano yesibili yendawo yonke i- UN ECOSOC ( ibuye i- UN Economic and Social Council ). Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukweluleka emazweni ezindabeni zezomnotho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani ne-WTO, kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlelo ezinkulu zezomnotho, kusukela Ukubonisana kusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha yokuthuthukiswa okuqondene nezwe.

I-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD), njengale yangaphambili, iwukubonisana kuphela, kanye nesayensi yemvelo. Isisekelo semisebenzi yaso ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngendlela yokwakha umnotho wemakethe. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, akubheki wonke amazwe nazo zonke izinhlelo ezinkulu zezomnotho endaweni yayo yomsebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho okuyinhloko, kunezici ezikhethekile, ezenzelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezincane, njenge- WIPO ne-OPEC . Naphezu kokunciphisa okuphathelene nomsebenzi, lezi zinhlangano zezomnotho zomhlaba wonke zithonya kakhulu ukwakheka kwenqubomgomo yentengo kuwo wonke umhlaba, okuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ku-OPEC.

Ochwepheshe behlukanisa ngokwehlukana izinhlangano zezezimali zomhlaba jikelele, okuyinhloko zazo yi-IMF kanye ne-IB.

I-International Bank (IB) yinhlangano ekhethekile yezezimali ehlola futhi eqondisa ukunyakaza kwezimali kanye nomthelela walabo abaphila ngokujwayelekile kwabantu. Iqukethe izakhiwo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko, imisebenzi yazo eyinhloko ukuhlinzekwa ngesikweletu nokuqapha isimo sokutshala izimali emazweni alungu.

I-IMF iyisakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi "ukuhlinzeka ngemali mboleko ekushintsheni." Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-IMF inomthelela omkhulu wezezimali, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.

Njengoba kubonakala, izinhlangano zezomnotho zomhlaba namuhla zimelela ngempela insimbi enamandla yethonya ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezomnotho. Ikakhulukazi, leli lungiselelo liphathelene ne-WTO kanye ne-IMF, okubambe iqhaza labo isikhathi eside ekubonisaneni nethuluzi lokuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okudingekayo.