Inguquko - kungcono ... Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka: uhlu

Umnotho emakethe futhi ukuvela yayo ezweni yesimanje - ndaba eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba kudingeka ukuze aguqule ngokuphelele futhi ukushintsha isimiso samanje iminyaka leminyenti. Kodwa akwenzeki ngokushesha ukushintsha konke, ukwakha umbono ebuyekeziwe izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, ukwakha zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele zomthetho. Inguquko - isigaba yentuthuko, kabusha kanye nenguquko. Kuthatha njalo isikhathi eside, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isimiso sezomnotho kuyoba ingxube izakhi emakethe yesimanje kanye umyalo zokuphatha. Lolu shintsho ekuthuthukisweni, kunokuba eyohlinzwa aqine.

izici eziyinhloko

Inguquko umnotho - kuba njalo variability kanye nokuntengantenga, okuyizinto "singenakushintshwa" nemvelo. Akufani nje ihlukumeza ukuzinza kohlelo, ukuze akwazi bese uyabuya ku ibhalansi, futhi kakhulu buthakathaka ke. Umnotho inguqulelo awushintsheki kufanele ingaholela kwenye, uzinze isimiso sezomnotho. Lokhu ukuntengantenga kubangela ukuthuthukiswa awushintsheki futhi ashukumisayo ikakhulukazi. Nokho, ezikhulayo ukungaqiniseki, ukuxuba abadala nabasha - uhlale kuwukuziphikisa. Esikhathini sphere setepolitiki, lokhu kuholela imimese ka kuwukuphikisana futhi izinxushunxushu emphakathini.

Komlando njengoba isici isici

Kuyinto umthetho yomlando - isici esibalulekile saleso yiliphi izwe iyaguquka, uhlu engatholwa ekupheleni isihloko. Ngaphambili yeSoviet Union, Eastern Europe, manje States ezimele ebhekene nezinkinga ezinzima oda kunakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America, njengoba e-Latin America lapho kwakukhona impela eningi ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo emakethe. Ngakho, inani amabhizinisi ezizimele akubalwa ezinkulungwaneni, kodwa amakhulu. Ikakhulukazi iyaguquka iminotho - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubusa ngesimiso ukubonakaliswa yayo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele bonke ohulumeni ekuthuthukiseni kohlelo kwezomnotho kabusha izinhlelo.

Izici ukusebenza: inertia

Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka babe nezici eziningi. I sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu - embili (inertia) izinqubo zokuzala ezikhipha ikhono ngokushesha esikhundleni amafomu kwezomnotho ekhona kwezinye abafiseleka ngokwengeziwe. Kuyinto ngenxa inertia yokuzalana kugcinwa isikhathi eside elidala ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye namafomu.

nokuqina kwalo

Inguquko - kungcono njalo isikhathi esicindezela kakhulu. Libuye libe yisici Ukhiye ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kakhulu ubuhlobo obusha phakathi izikhonzi emakethe. Irreversibility yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngesivinini ukuqaliswa yezinguquko eziningi. Ezomnotho ka Inguquko esasizobhujiswa empumelelweni bese ukusheshisa ushintsho yabo izinqubo, uma izinguquko akuzona ngokungenasizathu kodwa zisekelwe kwemvelo yemvelo futhi kushintshwe uhlelo olukhona.

uhlobo wendawo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene emnothweni zesikhashana, okuyinto zingafani ubunjalo izinqubo kanye esikalini yabo. Endaweni libhekene yokuthi isimo ushintsho kungabonwa izinga isifunda esisodwa. Kusekelwe izici nentuthuko engalingani ezifundeni ezahlukene. Umnotho wale ndawo iyaguquka - ubeqhakambisa ubunye jikelele futhi ekhethekile. Njengoba ukungalingani njengoba ifomu athuthukile e-UK, Germany neFrance.

uhlobo Global

Lokhu olulodwa inqubo izinguquko eziningi kulo impucuko (Western nasempumalanga) komnotho womhlaba. Ekuqaleni, lezi ukunyakaza avuse emazweni asethuthukile ne iminotho iyaguquka. Ukuthambekela eziphakamayo Kulokhu, ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo megaekonomicheskih kakade.

Kwemvelo isitayela zemvelo

Lolu hlobo is zihlukaniswa uhlamvu yayo izinqubo lezivakashi embulungeni yonke. Nokho, kwathatha somnotho kungabuye kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya kwemvelo zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo inguqulelo umnotho lulawulwa umthetho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zemvelo.

uhlobo kwemvelo-ashisekela izinguquko

Lolu hlobo kugucukela emnotfweni emakethe - Kuhlobana ezinguquko izinqubo ezihlukahlukene nge izinhlelo ukuguqula umphakathi. Nokho, imithetho inkambo kwemvelo ezigcinwe inqubo ngokugcwele. Lolu hlobo uzama yezimo abhekene yashesha ngokwethula kabusha kugucuka. Njengoba isibonelo, i-Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha Russia tsarist.

ngemithetho eyisisekelo yakulelo zithwala

Ukuhlangana kancane-kancane esiqedayo away of iziqalo sezenhlalo - umyalo umnotho, wobushiqela, yokululama, komhlaba emakethe, ithunzi capitalism. Futhi Vector ezibalulekile - lena nesisekelo ubudlelwane komnotho kosozimali (emnothweni yesimanje, esekelwe emakethe futhi abe nendawo yakhe yangasese). Umkhuba wokulala komphakathi (ukubuya kazwelonke, iqembu kanye namanani international yokuziphatha kwezomnotho) kanye humanization jikelele - isisekelo sanoma yisiphi izinqubo ukuguqulwa.

izinguquko ngenakugwemeka

Kunezinguquko ezinkulu ezintathu ezingasuthi awushintsheki futhi zenzeka esikhathini shintsho: ukulahlekelwa isimo sengqondo ematheni zonke izinsiza zezomnotho iziphathimandla zomphakathi, ekuncipheni ukuguqulwa kanye nenhlekelele isabelomali. Lezi amaphethini kukhona uhlamvu ngokuvamile ngempela engemihle futhi ungaboniswa ezihluzekile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu impahla iba yangasese, isimo uya uphelelwa amandla ayitholwa e kwezomnotho izinqumo.

Imisebenzi esemqoka kakhulu ekusungulweni

Inguquko - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokudala uhlobo olusha uhlelo, ukunqoba ukushiyeka yangaphambili futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngempumelelo sokukhula. wesimo esinjalo, njengoba zokunciphisa ukukhiqiza, ukukhula emali kanye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi, kubangelwa izinguquko isimiso sezomnotho. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ufune izindlela zokuziphindiselela ukuxazulula imisebenzi elandelayo:
1. sinjalo lwezezimali kanye credit yokuphatha umnotho ngabantu komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali.
2. Privatisation futhi denationalization wamabhizinisi emikhakheni ehlukene zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa mncintiswano nezamabhizinisi.
3 De-monopolization - nemfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakheka umncintiswano emakethe. Kutfutfukiswa simiso imikhawulo sihlangane, ukudiliza ka monopolies ezikhona.

ukuxegiswa

Athuthukisiwe emazweni iminotho iyaguquka, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele inikwe ukuxegiswa amanani, okuyinto kwakuyodingeka ukunikezela olinganiselayo futhi funa, ukuqeda lokhu kusilela futhi ukudala izimo ngoba mncintiswano. Kunezindlela ezimbili kube lenguquko yilezi:
1. kancane kancane, ukuthi yakhelwe isikhathi eside, nokukhululeka.
2. Radical, okungukuthi, ezinkulu kanye isingeniso okusheshayo izinguquko ezintsha, it is ngokuthi "therapy ukushaqeka".
Kuyadingeka ukuba banakekele ingqalasizinda emakethe okuyinkambiso izikhungo zezomnotho, ukwakha Ukuvikelwa obuqinile nabanye.

Izici sokushintshela isakhiwo kwezomnotho

amalungelo aphathelene nempahla ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni we khulula emakethe umnotho, kuba ikakhulukazi iyaguquka iminotho. Umnikazi kuphela uyakwazi ngokuzimela ukwenza izinqumo ezidingekile futhi ukuqapha imiphumela. Osomabhizinisi ozama ukwandisa impahla, njengoba inikeza anhlobonhlobo izindawo zebhizinisi Ukukhetha nentengo, esithinta engenayo. Inguquko - isakhiwo echaziwe ubudlelwane:
- the iziyisikhombisa eyinhloko ithonya ezandleni bamasheya ezinkulu lokuhlushwa eliphezulu etshaliwe;
- kulandele amapulazi amaningi amancane naphakathi nobunikazi yangasese noma yenkampani;
- indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa kamasipala kanye nesimo.

Amazwe uhlobo zesikhashana umnotho

Kula mazwe kwenzeke zonke izinguquko ngenhla kanye nezinguquko. Amazwe uhlobo zesikhashana umnotho eMpumalanga Yurophu - kuba ikakhulukazi amalungu zangaphambili eSoviet Union. Lezi zihlanganisa: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia, Moldova, Lithuania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Futhi eYurophu Ephakathi kukhona amazwe uhlobo zesikhashana ezaziyincithakalo amalungu sezenhlalo: Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary, Serbia, eBulgaria, eMontenegro, eCroatia, eMacedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Albania, Slovenia. Esikhathini ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe lala mazwe ukudlala indima abangaphansi. Amanye amazwe wajoyina European Union, abanye baye baze babe amalungu NATO. Amazwe iminotho iyaguquka, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, okwamanje iningi labo esimweni pre-esibucayi. Esikhathini nineties zakuqala, ke waqala kugucukela emnotfweni emakethe kusukela kuhlelwe liphakathi. Ngokushesha okukhulu, kube lenguquko kwangena ePoland, kancane e-Hungary, i-Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovenia, kancane - e-Ukraine, eRomania, eBulgaria futhi Belarus.