Indlela Ukusetha izimvume 777 ku-Linux?

Operation uhlelo - yingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Muva nje, imakethe egijima ezihlukahlukene ethandwa kakhulu Linux izinguqulo, sibonga kophuzo futhi njengefa kusukela Unix isimiso lokwehlukaniswa amalungelo umsebenzisi.

Kuvele ebalulekile okuyingxenye engasekelwe ohlelweni amafayela. Phela, zonke ulwazi lomsebenzisi lilondolozwe kubo. amalungelo Ukufinyelela amafayela namafolda nayiphi izenzo avunyelwe ukwenza umuntu othile, kanjalo asungula amazinga ukufinyelela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ohlelweni lonke. Ngokuvamile, ukubeka amalungelo ukufinyelela ukuba ivumele noma ukuvimbela ukukhishwa eKufundza neKubhala.

Abasebenzisi futhi Amaqembu

Ngamunye umsebenzisi kohlelo lokusebenza inikeza esehlukile. I "Linux" ubizwa ngokuthi UID. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba lula abasebenzisi ukuphatha ehlangana ngemacembu, nayo inikezwa inamba GID esiyingqayizivele.

Bonke abasebenzisi "Linux" is zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• umsebenzisi - umnikazi ifayela;
• iqembu - ilungu leqembu efanayo umnikazi;
• nezinye - bonke abanye.

Lapho ifayela kufinyelelwa uhlelo lokusebenza kuthola ubulungu yomsebenzisi iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, iklayenti othumele isicelo kusayithi usebenzisa isiphequluli, bayonikezwa kuze kube komunye. Uma umnikazi isayithi elixhumene nge-FTP ekufakeni igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, kuyothiwa eyabelwe iqembu umsebenzisi.

Izimvume

Amaqembu kukhona lungelo elawula kungenzeka imisebenzi ifayela njengokufunda, ukuqala noma ukushintsha. Ukuze iqoqo ezintathu izinhlobo ukufinyelela ngamunye:

• ukuqala;
• Ukufundwa;
• ukubhala noma uhlele.

umbuso izinkomba yezinombolo amalungelo

Ngokuvamile ngokwanele ukuze abonise ushintsho amalungelo, egijima noma ukufunda seqembu ngalinye usebenzisa izimpawu wedijithali. Kulokhu, sebenzisa amapharamitha alandelayo:

• 4 - kokufunda;
• 2 - ukuqopha;
• 1 - ukusebenza.

Ukuqokwa amalungelo ukufinyelela, njengoba umthetho, amadijithi amathathu kuphela. Eyokuqala yalezi imithetho kubonisa umsebenzisi yomnikazi, elesibili iqembu, futhi eyesithathu wabo bonke abanye abantu. Ukusetha amalungelo athile eqenjini ngalinye iphendukele kwalokho elula izinombolo. Ngokwesibonelo, 7 sibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kokubulawa, ngokubhala nokufunda, futhi 6 ivumela kuphela ukuba ushintshe futhi ukufunda ifayela. Ngakho, 777 izimvume Linux ubona njengoba umthetho, okuvumela ukusebenzisa, funda uphinde ubhale yimuphi umsebenzisi.

Izimvume

Shintsha izimvume ku "Linux" kuphela umnikazi noma umsebenzisi amalungelo nomqondisi. Ukuze wenze izinguquko mode ukugcina sebenzisa umyalo chmod.

It uyagijima ne okukhethwa kukho ukushintsha imithetho ngokusebenzisa umbhalo (ongokomfanekiso) noma izimpawu wedijithali. Cabanga indlela yokusetha izimvume 777, ukuvumela ukusebenzisa, lungisa futhi ukufunda ifayela kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Kwimodi ezinombolo, iqembu izobukeka kanje: chmod igama lefayela 777, futhi uhlamvu: chmod a = rwx lefayela.

Ekusebenteni, ngokuvamile kuwusizo kakhudlwana Imodi wedijithali. Phela, 755 kulula ukubhala kuka ukusetha imingcele ethize umnikazi, iqembu kanye nabanye.

Recursively ukushintsha amalungelo

Umyalo chmod ingasetshenziswa imodi recursive elikuvumela ukushintsha amalungelo wonke amafayela lwemibhalo kanye sub-amafolda amancane. Ngenxa yale njongo -R ukhiye.

Umyalo isibonelo esibonisa indlela Ukusetha izimvume 777 ukuze wonke amafayela lwemibhalo wamanje kanye subdirectories ayo:

chmod -R 777 *.

Izimvume kanye Izincwajana

Ngaphezu amafayela, ungasetha izimvume lwemibhalo. Bheka kubo usebenzisa nemingcele efanayo (amafulegi), kodwa ukuziphatha kuhlukile kancane. Inketho ukuvumela ukufunda, ivumela umsebenzisi ukubuka uhlu okuqukethwe ifolda, ukubeka ifulegi ukuqoshwa ikuvumela ukudala izinto ezintsha lwemibhalo, nokusetha amalungelo ukubulawa ikuvumela ukungena lwemibhalo.

Shintsha izimvume lwemibhalo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba for ifayela ngokusebenzisa umyalo chmod.

Ngokwesibonelo:

chmod 777 / ekhaya / ukuhlolwa.

Umyalo olandelayo ubonisa ukuthi ungasetha kanjani izimvume 777 kuya lwemibhalo / ekhaya / ukuhlolwa.

amalungelo Ezokuphepha kanye nokufinyelela

Khumbula ukuthi ukufakwa engafanele amalungelo ukufinyelela zingaphazamisa uhlelo noma imithombo ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezihlobene nokuvikeleka. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba sihlaziye bese ubhekisisa imibhalo. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe le ngaphambi ukufaka 777 amalungelo ukufinyelela, njengoba noma ubani ukuba dala, shintsha, futhi akhiphe amafayela lwemibhalo.

abahlaseli abaningi ukuba singangeni izingosi ze-Internet kanye nezinye izinsiza zokuxhumana isetshenziswa budedengu abasebenzisi ngubani ngephutha wesokunxele, okuvumela ukulanda futhi abulale noma imuphi umuntu iskripthi noma isicelo ku-server.

izimvume Okuthuthukisiwe

Kunezimo lapho kudingeka liqalise isikimu eziyinkimbinkimbi lokuthola ulwazi. Kulokhu, imithetho ejwayelekile yesistimu yokusebenza "Linux" kungase kunganeli. Khona-ke kufanele baphendukela ekusebenziseni lokulawula ukufinyelela uhlu (ACL). Sebenzisa leli qhinga kuphela amanethiwekhi ezinkulu kakhulu nge multi-level ukufinyelela izikimu. Kwezinye izimo, izindleko ejwayelekile yesistimu yokusebenza imisebenzi.