Kuyini ufuzo? Ufuzo nezinhlobo zayo

Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yini ezilungele ufuzo. Ngokombono ongokwesayensi umbono ufuzo - yikhono i umzimba ukuze uthumele izici ukuthuthukiswa nezici enzalweni yabo. Ingane ngayinye uyangenelela kubazali bakhe ezinye izici uhlamvu izici ukubukeka, kuba impendulo yombuzo lokho ufuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba uyakwazi ukufunda kanye nohlobo umzimba futhi isifo nokuthambekela. Lokhu kungenxa DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo.

zofuzo

Kuyini ngofuzo, ngisho bazi izingane eziningi, kodwa ukuthi isayensi ufuzo - kungcono zofuzo, akubona bonke uyazi.

izinhlobo zofuzo

Uma sikhuluma zofuzo lomuntu, bese ehlukana zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Population. Ukwenza isifundo izinqubo zofuzo amaqembu kubantu sekwenziwa kwencazelo umshado, ngaphansi kwethonya kuguquka, ukukhethwa, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, noma ukuthuthela. Ubuye atadishe imithetho ukwakheka genotype womuntu.
2. Kwamakhemikhali. Ubelokhu ukutadisha ethize, zofuzo elawulwa syntheses kwamakhemikhali, ngenkathi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe banamuhla kakhulu oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo (electrophoresis, ukuhlaziywa, chromatography, njll).
3. Cytogenetics. Ingabe sekuyisikhathi utadisha abathwali impahla ufuzo, ukuthi ukutadisha-chromosome, umsebenzi wabo futhi isakhiwo.
4. Immunogenetics. Ivelele ngenxa ukusungulwa izici eziningi immunological. Ngokuyisisekelo antigen ka leukocyte futhi erythrocyte, amaprotheni wegazi serum.

izinhlobo ufuzo

Kuze kube manje, lokhu okulandelayo izinhlobo ifa:

1. Nuclear. Ixhumeke nge ukudluliswa izici (lezinceku) ukuthi kukhona kuma-chromosome-nucleus. Igama lakhe lesibili - chromosome.

Isimo sokunquma uthayiphe ufuzo yenuzi:

• Ifa autosomal esikhubazayo ezingavamile (ongekho esizukulwaneni ngasinye). Nge lesi sici wabo bobabili abazali nezingane zabo, futhi, ngeke zibe khona zigwenywe. Kungaba izingane zalabo abazali abangenayo izici ezifana;
• autosomal evelele kwenzeka kuzo zonke isizukulwane. Lapho kunobufakazi okungenani oyedwa kubazali wengane, futhi, kuyodingeka ke;
• golandricheskoe (esixhunyiwe ne Y - chromosome) yilona kuphela izici besilisa ezivamile. Idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa umugqa besilisa;
• nge esikhubazayo X - chromosome akuvamile. Abesifazane kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi lesi siboniso sivela uyise;
• evelele nge X - chromosome e besifazane bangezikhathi 2 kaningi.

2. Cytoplasmic. It is ukutholwa uqhathanisa imiphumela iziphambano ahlukahlukene okuhambisanayo.

Ufuzo futhi imvelo

Esikhathini isimo esifanayo, abantu ngeke iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. A Eqinisweni isibaluli ufuzo. Kodwa nakuba idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni komuntu nokuthuthuka, imvelo, futhi, it has umehluko pretty big. Yokugcina kumiswa umuntu incike ezingokwengqondo ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba of umuntu. Ufuzo futhi imvelo njalo ezixhunyiwe. I indawo evumayo, aba maningi amathuba okuba ingane ukukhulisa umuntu ehloniphekile, ngisho noma ngabe yofuzo ayiyinhle. Manje, ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "Kuyini ufuzo", ungakwazi uveze Ungumuntu omangalisayo.