Expanded ubumba block: izici, Ubukhulu, amanani. Ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo block

Izinto zokwakha nge unyaka ngamunye ezingasho luphelele. Lokhu nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo yokunciphisa izindleko futhi ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokubandula umsebenzi ukwakhiwa. Block ubumba enwetshiwe - sisetshenziselwa izinto ezikhethekile ukuthi isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kanye ukwahlukanisa kwezakhiwo. Lo mkhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu, ngoba has a lot of izinzuzo.

Kuyini block?

elementi Kwethulwa siqukethe izingxenye eziningana zemvelo ngokuphelele futhi ephephile, adubula ubumba, isihlabathi, usimende namanzi. Isetshenziselwa kaningi ukwakhiwa ongaphakeme liphumele izakhiwo. Sebenzisa izinto ezinjalo kungaba cishe noma kuphi, kungakhathaliseki izimo zezulu.

ukhonkolo block ungase ube ukuma ezahlukene kanye nosayizi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakama isici zokhahlamba kusuka cm 19 kuya 24, nobubanzi - kusuka 7 kuya 50 cm, ubude -. Cm 12 kuya 45 ngaphakathi block ubumba enwetshiwe uye voids olunikezwa lapho nje ngisahlose ukushisa nangokuvikela impahla timphawu. Ukuze ukufakwa okusheshayo nokulula ngomkhiqizo ngamunye zihlanganisa khona anemifantu emikhulu.

nzuzo ngisho noma engalalela

Manje-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela, ungcono has a block ubumba ukunwetshwa. Ngakho, singaqokomisa izinzuzo olunikezwa imikhiqizo:

1. Izinga eliphansi conductivity ezishisayo. Okungukuthi, Amabhulokhi ibhekwa yisivikelo esihle, okuyinto iyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa egunjini.

2. degree ngokwanele eliphezulu amandla.

3. ezinhle umsindo ukwahlukanisa. Ngakho-ke, le nto ingasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, okuzokwenziwa etholakala eduze kwemigwaqo umatasa.

4. isisindo Khanyisa. Lokhu inzuzo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ngisho ukwakha isakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili phansi akuyona eqinile kakhulu.

5. Quick and lula ukucubungula.

Ukuze 6. Ukumelana amakhemikhali, umswakama, okushisa nezinye izici ezimbi.

7. Umklamo yobuhle.

8. Evumayo intengo.

9. Ukumelana nomlilo kanye bola.

10. okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

11. ubumsulwa Isimiso.

ukhonkolo usayizi block kuyivumela usetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo engavamile kakhulu ukubukeka kwesakhiwo. Futhi Lokhu kwaziswa kungasisiza "ukuphefumula." Futhi ubukhulu ukhonkolo block kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwehlisa izindleko zokwakha.

Yiziphi bokwenza uye impahla?

Nokho, kukhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezimbalwa:

- degree Ephakeme fragility. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo ukusebenzisa amabhlogo konke lezisekelo futhi ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo.

- Amandla ezincane iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo impahla.

Nokho, lezi amaphutha kuyaqedwa kalula. Inani elikhulu izinzuzo kwenza efanele impahla.

Izinhlobo ukhonkolo block

Manje kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho izinhlobo mikhiqizo ukuphi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ngokushesha sithole choice of zokwakha. Ngakho, wandisa ubumba amabhlogo, intengo zokhahlamba kusuka amasenti isabelo ngasinye 0.25 ukuze 0.60, kungaba:

1. elingenalutho. Kuhlanganisa ukuminyana ingenkulu kakhulu yesixazululo enkulu ekwakhekeni izingxenye. Sebenzisa ezifana amabhlogo zingase yokwakha nokunakekela izindawo kwagezi ekhaya.

2. enamandla egcwele. Banezinhliziyo high density. izakhi ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo umthwalo esindayo, noma engaphansi. Kulo mBhalo is kunakwe kuyinto ukwahlukanisa okuhle ezishisayo kanye umsindo, ukuze izimo zokusebenza ezingezinhle ukuzinza.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Noma iyiphi impahla ukwakhiwa has izimfuneko ezithile lobuchwepheshe amangalelwe ngumkhiqizi. Bona kuxhomeke ohlotsheni komkhiqizo ukuze kwenziwe. Uma ufuna ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwalesi ukhonkolo block, kubalulekile ukuba banake izici ezilandelayo:

- ukuminyana: kusuka 350 kuya 1800 kg / m ^3.

- Frost: kusukela imijikelezo 100 kuya ku-500.

- amandla compressive: 0.5 - 50 MN / m ^2.

- Ubukhulu: ukuphakama - 138-188 mm, nobubanzi - 90-288 mm, ubude - 90-590 mm.

Futhi amabhlogo neze ahlale.

Izici impahla

Mangisho ukuthi imikhiqizo ethulwa athandwa kakhulu. Konke lokhu kube ngenxa izici. Ngokwesibonelo:

- Ngesikhathi ukufakwa cishe akukho ukulwa. Futhi emva isakhiwo cishe ihlala.

- Lapho kwabantu izakhi, okuyinto 600 kg / m ^{3 futhi} inikeza eliphezulu ukwahlukanisa wokwakha, kubalulekile ukuthi ukushuba yalo wayengekho ngaphansi kuka-50 cm.

- Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi ingozi ongaphakeme ukuqhekeka ezindongeni uphahlwe ukhonkolo block. Iqiniso lokuthi izinto abe namandla high flexural.

- Ngenxa lamagquma kanye anemifantu okokusebenza Kulula kakhulu ukufaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubekwa kuvela enamandla kakhulu.

- Sebenzisa izinto enikeziwe kungaba ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinjalo, engeke sishiswa ngakho. Iqiniso lokuthi emabhuloki abe ongaphakeme umswakama ukumuncwa.

- Intengo yalesi material kwamukelekile. Yingakho ekhaya ukhonkolo block ngokubaluleka kuthandwa. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwabo kuyehla kakhulu.

Imininingwane impahla

Ukuze womshini imikhiqizo okufakiwe, uzodinga impela kancane impahla. Konke okuyizinto zemvelo, ngakho kwemvelo zokuvikeleka imikhiqizo kuqinisekiswa umenzi. Ukuze usebenze udinga isihlabathi, usimende, amanzi nobumba enwetshiwe (ubumba calcined ngesimo amabhola amancane). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i umbandela okubalulekile ingxenyana impahla. Ngokwesibonelo, i-izakhi okuqinile kuthathwe ukhonkolo block, okuyinto ingeqi 2.1 cm, ozwakala - 0.5-1 cm.

Yonke inqubo ukukhiqiza unezigaba ezithile:

1. Ukulungiselela ingxube. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke olinganise.

2. Ukuthela isikhunta futhi ramming ingxube.

3. kushunqe amabhlogo.

4. Omiswe izakhi. Kuthatha cishe 1-2 amasonto.

Ngokuphathelene ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, awudingi ezinye izimpahla ezibizayo kakhulu ukhonkolo block. Kubalulekile ukuthi kwaba efanele futhi izinga. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa, ungakwazi ukuthenga i umugqa ezenzakalelayo. Uma ungenalo okwamanje imali eyanele kuso, ungathenga amathuluzi ambalwa ezidingekayo: idivayisi yokuhlanganisa izithako, itafula isixwayisi ngoba titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana isixazululo, kushunqe izakhi kuhhavini. Futhi uzodinga endaweni ukomisa amabhlogo esiphelele.

On ukuhambisana zonke izinkambiso zobuchwepheshe kuncike ngqo kwi izinga lomkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze enze izinto okuhlala isikhathi eside, kungaba ukungezwa isixazululo polystyrene (foamed).

Sebenzisa le nto kungaba ukwakhiwa ezindlini, izindlu zokugeza, ongaphakeme-liphumele izakhiwo, izisekelo kanye engaphansi izakhiwo. Kusukela ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo block akuyona lukhuni, kungaba ukuhlela ungumnikazi.

Izindlela amabhlogo emakhiyubhi

Ukuze isakhiwo esenamandla, wema iminyaka eminingi, kubalulekile ukwakha kahle. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ethile yokukhiqiza amayunithi uvumele ukwenza ukwakhiwa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa izindlela emakhiyubhi kakazi izindleko. Kukhona kuphela ezimbalwa:

1. eyodwa obuphelele nge Ligation. Ngakho ukwahlukanisa izindonga Kuphoqelekile. Le ndlela kuyinto ekahle ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezincane nokugeza.

2. ukujiya yesici olulodwa. Ohlangothini elingaphandle odongeni ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhonjelwe ukwahlukanisa kanye kwangaphakathi - abaluphahleka. Kungcono ukwakha ngendlela zakhiwo ibhizinisi.

3. izakhi Ligation nezikhala therebetween. Isikhala kufanele uchichime impahla ukushisa namakhaza. Kuyinto le ndlela engcono kakhulu esetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu zangasese kanye Cottages.

laying ubuchwepheshe

Ngomqondo onabile, azikho izici. izakhi stacked efana nokusetshenziswa kwezitini ezingakhiwanga. Ukuze usebenze Akudingi amathuluzi akhethekile. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kuphela trowel ezingeni roulette, yomthofu wokumisa, isando iraba, futhi noma iyiphi esitsheni for isixazululo. Ukuze kuqiniswe wokwakha ungafaka isicelo yokugcizelela anezikhala.

Ngokwemvelo, isisekelo kubekwa kufanele kakade uzilungiselele futhi ahambelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukwakha umugqa wokuqala emabhuloki. Yena wayibeka phezu engela. Le nombolo ibekwe futhi isixazululo ungangenisi amanzi, ukushuba zazo kumele singeqi 30 cm.

Ngemva ungqimba wokuqala kuqedile, kumele ngokucophelela bese zihlolisiswa ezingeni. Amabhulokhi kufanele embondelene ne ezivuzayo offset. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa amandla izindonga. amalunga omzimba Kuqondile kungaba ngaphezu kwalokho ukulungisa ingxube nalutho. Ngenxa anemifantu ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana ngeke.

Hlikihla isixazululo kufanele kube isici esisha, esikhundleni trowel. Lokhu kuzokwenza iyunifomu le wokwakha ngaphezulu. Yilokho zonke izici ukhonkolo block. Ngenxa zako, le nto uyaqhubeka ukuba funa.