Indawo okwakukhona kuyo i-Antarctica: ekuhlaziyeni

Indawo Geographical Antarctica - into nje ukuthi cishe akungabazeki phakathi abahambi eziningi zasendulo, uya beyofuna nezwekazi lesithupha. ezweni elingaziwa, wenzela ku umbono wabo, eningizimu Afrika nase-Australia. Futhi kwatholakala e-Antarctica e 1820. Isikhundla ezindawo zaleli zwekazi manje zaziwa kahle kakhulu. Kuyinto lokhu kakhulu inquma ngobucayi sezulu kanye nezinye izimo kuleli zwekazi.

indawo okwakukhona kuyo i-Antarctica: ekuhlaziyeni

Ezikhathini zasendulo, u-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuthi ukhona izwekazi elikude kuya eningizimu. Wayesho ukuthini amsekela imfundiso yokuziphendukela wesimethri zomhlaba: Izwekazi idinga ukuba silinganisele ngokweqile yayo enyakatho. Futhi, ngempela, nezwekazi ezineqhwa itholakala esifundeni eningizimu polar. Indawo, okuphambene izifunda Arctic omhlaba, ngisho kubonakala egameni layo. Isiqalo esithi "anti" kusho yamaGreki asendulo "ngokumelene".

Geographical indawo Antarctica endaweni kuvinjelwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Antarctic. It lingaphakathi 48-60º S. w. Le ndawo elalihlala ezwekazini, balinganiselwa ku 13.975 amakhilomitha square. Ngaphansi kwalesi sibalo, futhi izingqimba zeqhwa, futhi unamathele nezwekazi kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Uma ukubala indawo eshalofini yezwekazi futhi acabangele, ukwanda isibalo 16 355 thous. Km ^2.

Edge namaphakathi

Indawo Geographical Antarctica libhekene inhlonhlo eside, okuyinto welula maqondana eNingizimu Melika. Nangu iphuzu enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe. Lokhu Cape Sifre. Wafinyelela 63º13 'latitude eningizimu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlonhlo ye endaweni yaleli zwekazi ezineqhwa alinikwa kuze kube manje olwandle.

uhlela maphakathi Antarctica - mayelana 84º S. w futhi 64º. e. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "isigxobo ka inaccessibility". Imibono mayelana nendawo ngqo yayo diverge eziningana. Ngo isayensi, okwamanje la mandla ka inaccessibility iyona ezikude ukuphonsa iphuzu elilodwa elivela imizila yezokuthutha esimweni amazwekazi eziyisithupha - ukusuka ogwini. Nokho, ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise isimo esithile ezindawo ka-Antarctica, eziye zaholela yokuthi indawo yayo akulula ukunquma. Shore umugqa kungaba kwenziwe phezu "endaweni yomhlangano" komhlaba namanzi, noma izingqimba zeqhwa nolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhundla esiqondile isigxobo ka inaccessibility akachaziwe. Kuvame kuhlotshaniswe negama lesi siteshi Soviet ibekwe 82º06 'w. w. futhi 54º58 'ukuba. d.

Kunoma ikuphi, indawo maphakathi nezwekazi asishayisani nge indawo-South Pole. Uma kuyiqiniso ukhethe lokuqala wathi izixhumanisi, le therebetween ibanga imayelana 660 km.

izwekazi Eliphakeme Kunawo Wonke

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda indawo Antarctica Ibanga 7, bambalwa abantu bakhumbule indlela nezwekazi "waphakamisa" phezu kogu lolwandle. izwekazi Sixth ubhekwa aphakeme. Isizathu sokuba elinesithunzi ice ikhava. Ukuphakama isilinganiso ebusweni Antarctica engamamitha amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Maphakathi nezwekazi antante 4000 m Iningi lawo mandla -. Ice. 0.3% kuphela Antarctica impumuzo ngokukhululekile kuwo. Ukuphakama kwamanzi ngesikhathi nezwekazi lesithupha izikhathi 2.8 obukhulu kunobukaJohane noma iliphi elinye izwekazi.

izingxenye ezimbili

Isibalo esishintshashintshayo khulula ice, siqukethe Transantarctic Mountains. Kuhlukanisa nezwekazi yaba izifunda ezimbili: iWest ne-East-Antarctica. Lezi yizindawo ezahlukene isakhiwo yabo kanye nemvelaphi. Esempumalanga - yindawo lapho kukhona ithafa ngempela high kuleli zwekazi, ukufinyelela uphawu kwamamitha anamane amawaka ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. esifundeni Western elalihlala iziqhingi sezintaba axhumene ne ice. Endaweni efanayo, ogwini Pacific, ibekwe Antarctic Andes, futhi okwedlula 4000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Iphuzu esiphezulu kuleli zwekazi - Vinson Massif. Itholakala West Antarctica antante 4892 m. Esikhathini esifanayo ingxenye, futhi iphuzu kakhulu "ongaphakeme"-mpumalanga yezwe. Lokhu ukucindezeleka Bentley egcwele iqhwa. Ukujula kwawo ifinyelela 2555 m ngezansi kolwandle.

ikhava umxhwele

isikhundla ezemvelo Antarctica - isihluthulelo sokuqonda zonke izici-mpumalanga yezwe. Kuyinto isizathu ezifana iqhwa umxhwele zaleli zwekazi. Imfundo efanayo ingatholakala Greenland. Nokho, u-ice-Antarctic "umgubuzelo" okudlula izikhathi eziyishumi. Imininingwane lesi sakhiwo Iyamangalisa. Lapha waphetha 90% kubo bonke ice okungukuthi phezu kwezwe iplanethi yethu. Ubukhulu bayo - cishe abayizigidi ezingama-33 angama-cubic kilometer amakhilomitha!

Ice ikhava kuyinto ukwakheka sifana Dome. I steepness we ebusweni kwandisa ngasogwini. I olwenzeka kancane kancane mass kubangela ukuhamba ice maqondana kokubhujiswa kwalo (ablation ngokwesayensi). Ngenxa yalesi endaweni Antarctica ogwini. Lapha, i-ice ephula off, zeqhwa akhiwa. Minyaka yonke, umthamo isamba ekubhujisweni cishe 2.5 izinkulungwane ³ km.

sici

Njengoba singabona, isikhundla ezindawo impumuzo Antarctic futhi glacial atehlukaniseki. Ufaka izwekazi kuye kwaholela ukuvela esinye isici zaleli zwekazi. Lena indawo enkulu zeqhwa. Bona ingxenye sintanta emanzini, kancane esekelwe phansi, ke osuka ogwini. Ice emashalofini - umthombo umxhwele kakhulu ngobukhulu bayo zeqhwa. izimo ngamunye kuthinte Ubukhulu bayo ngisho ngempela ejwayele izimangaliso ososayensi Antarctica. Isibonelo esihle - Iceberg B-15, abahlubukanga ngo-2000 kusukela Ross Ice Shelf. It has an endaweni amakhilomitha square mkhulu kunezinhliziyo lishumi lamawaka.

Ebusika (e Nenkabazwe ngalesi sikhathi ehlobo) insimu elalihlala eshalofini ice balinganiselwa ku-18 million km ^². Lapho esikhundleni sekufika ihlobo, endaweni yabo kuyehla kube kwezigidi ezingu 3-4 km ^².

imfundo lasendulo

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi yonke leyo izwekazi ice ishidi kwamiswa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-14 edlule. Hhayi indima okungenani kule kudlalwa ukuguguleka Jumpers phambi yokuxhuma nezwekazi lesithupha neseNingizimu. "Okulandelayo" kuso - kuba iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctica. Le nqubo efanayo kubonakala sengathi wahola ekwakhekeni imisinga kanye wind le (circumpolar Atlantic lamanje) Western, ohlukanisa amanzi ezizungezile nezwekazi, zivela olwandle.

umngcele esinikelweko

Indawo Geographical Antarctica ecebeni noma ibalazwe ndawo futhi kuchazwe isondele kakhulu kuyi-Atlantic, i-Pacific nasolwandle Indian. Kwezinye izincwadi ngqo umkhawulo zwekazi. Ngamanye Antarctica wageza ngasemanzini Southern Ocean. umngcele walo esinikelweko ingashiwo ngoba imimoya Western. Kwemihlambi Southern Ocean kunalokho ngokwethukela, nakuba kusukela ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, bayanda ngokuvamile atholakala izincwadi.

Imibandela lokushisa nasemanzini azungeze nezwekazi ziyehluka uhla kusuka -2 ° C kuya ku-10 ° C. Southern Ocean - indawo iziphepho eqinile futhi imimoya. Ebusika zilimaze ukuba 65º S. w. ePacific futhi kuze kube 55º S. w. e-Atlantic. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo ukuhlala khulula ice phakathi nayo yonke inkathi ngenxa imimoya enamandla.

Isimo sezulu

Indawo Geographical Antarctica kuthinta izimo zezulu kulelivekati. Nansi isigxobo abandayo planethi. Amazinga aphansi (-88.3 ° C) esalotshwa ososayensi Soviet ngo-August 1960 esiteshini "Vostok". Ezomhlaba ebusika uyahluka -60 ° C no -70 ° C. Summer lebanga ukuhluka: kusuka -30 ° C kuya -50 ° C. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa hle lapha aliphumi ngenhla -20 ° C. Ukukhethwa kungumkhawulo futhi iphuzu yayo evelele kunazo - Antarctic Peninsula. Umoya ehlobo kungenziwa sekuqala ukufudumala kuya 10-12 ° C. Ebusika izinga lokushisa lehla kuya inhlonhlo encane ngezindinganiso ezingeni izwekazi beya -8 ° C. Kulesi ukunyakaza amakhaza emoyeni mass kusukela maphakathi nezwekazi "ongenza" kunalokho umoya ngezinye izikhathi Isivinini yabo ifinyelela 90 m / s.

Antarctica (indawo kanye ikhuthaza ke) Ayaziwa ngokusungula izindinganiso eziphakeme umswakama. Median - 60-80%, ogwini kuyehla 20%, kanti kwezinye izindawo - ngisho angu-5%. Leli qiniso kukhulu lapho okhumbulayo ukuthi angakanani amanzi iqukethwe igobolondo ezineqhwa zaleli zwekazi.

Uma kudala, Antarctica laligcwele amahlathi. Ngokwe abacwaningi kulelivekati ukuhlangabezana ngemifula namachibi, izintaba namagquma, izigodi nezimfunda. Namuhla kunzima ukucabanga Antarctica ezinjalo. Mayelana esidlule wakhe ubonise abanye namaminerali wathola, ikakhulukazi amalahle imali. Nokho, eziningi izinsiza kufihlwe iqhwa, kodwa ukuze kutholakale. I kwezimo ezinzima Antarctica yethu yesimanje ezihlobene isikhundla salo ezindawo, ungavumeli ukuba ngokushesha kahle ezindaweni leli zwekazi. Mhlawumbe yingakho kulapha lapho ezaqala ukwenzeka Uhlelo sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba. Abacwaningi abavela emazweni ehlukene ndawonye ukuzama ukuqonda izimfihlo zaleli zwekazi lesithupha. Futhi degree of intuthuko ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekutheni ikhono ukuxoxisana nezenzo ididiyele.