Inani njengengxenye yokukhuluma. Izinombolo: izibonelo

Izinombolo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile, ngosizo lwabo abantu ukucacisa inombolo yezinto kuboniswe ngophawu, ukucacisa mass, izindleko kanye oda amaphuzu. Amagama okungatholakala loniketwe emandla ngembhalo ngokubhala izinhlamvu nezinombolo, ngokuthi amagama netinombolo. Enye ncazelo: cardinal - nemagama kute kubhalwe inombolo ngokulandelana, noma inombolo.

izici lolimi inani

Zonke amathokheni elisho integers bese kukhishwa nezingxenyana, futhi isibalo sabantu, izilwane noma izinto, yavlyalyutsya iqembu ethile amazwi kabani Ukwakheka yakheke ngokugcwele futhi akashintshi.

amayunithi ezinjalo omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu, noma, njengoba besho, abalulekile titfo tenkhulumo babelemisebenzi eminye notation:

• nomqondo inombolo njengoba enjalo: ezinhlanu, eziyishumi, nanhlanu, nokunye;

• Inani izinto ezithile: izimoto ezimbili, izindlu eziyisithupha;

• inani lwezinto eziningana ukuthi zibaliwe.

Ngokulandelana, kanye nezindaba kubo zimi kanje: lokho akhawunti? ngubani? kangakanani? Kuye ukubaluleka kanye udaba, okuyinto inombolo wemfanelo, benza zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana (sizokhuluma lokhu kamuva).

Ngokwesibonelo: Amathathu (isihloko) uyahlukaniswa ngu eziyishumi. Six eziyisithupha - amashumi amathathu nesithupha (ingxenye ngokulinganisa of isilandiso). Ekhuluma indawo zesi emshweni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kungaba amalungu kokubili okuyinhloko nokwesibili. Esinye isici ukuthi inani njengengxenye yokukhuluma akuyona agcwalisiwe amaqembu amazwi. Zonke izinhlobo asetshenziswe wenkhulumo nalokubhaliwe, ekhiqizwa kuphela kusuka izinombolo isihloko. I inani le-syntax njengengxenye inkulumo kungaba kokubili ingxenye ingxenye eyinhloko futhi yesibili yomusho.

Nakani! I inani kukhombisa isibalo, futhi zebizo ehambisana nayo, ngaso sonke isikhathi senze njengoba omunye ingxenye engenakususwa lomusho. Ngokwesibonelo: Sahamba kuze kube lesithupha ekuseni. Amakilasi echibini iqala ngehora lesihlanu. Girls bahlangana daisy amabili nanhlanu.

izinhlobo zesi

Simelele inani ukubeka yombuzo, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi isigaba kungokwalabo. Ngu ukubaluleka kanye nezici bahlukene phakathi ambalwa (kangakanani?) Futhi okwesingaki (lokho? Ngubani?). Futhi, izinombolo ezibalula inani zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: collective, amafraktjhini futhi integers.

Ngokusho inombolo kwamagama isakhiwo le ngxenye kwenkulumo, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla, kungaba esiyinhlanganisela noma elula. Ngokwesibonelo: owesine, ephethe amashumi omathathu lawo nantathu, ezinhlanu, bengamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili.

Izici okuthiwa cardinal

Kusukela umbono izici morphological, inani njengoba tenkhulumo cishe njalo elingenalo, njengoba akukho uhlobo isigaba, futhi eziningi zalezi amazwi babe izici ziyancipha amacala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi ikakhulukazi ohlangothini syntactic. Baqamba amanga eqinisweni lokuthi netinombolo, kuhlangene emabito, kukhona irreducible futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi senze njengoba elinye ilungu umusho, kungakhathaliseki ifakwe ezinye tenkhulumo phakathi kwazo. Ngokwesibonelo: nobusuku obuthathu, izinsuku ezine, izinsuku ezinhlanu; izintende ezintathu uyaziqhenya wema ukuthula.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama elithi akuyona eyabonisa lemali empeleni Izinombolo njalo. The main lolwehlukanisa le ngxenye kwenkulumo ukuthi inombolo kungenziwa ikhishwe ngokubhala amazwi nezinombolo. Ngokwesibonelo: amahhashi amathathu - amahhashi noma 3 amahhashi trio.

Indlela ukushintsha amagama zesi bobukhulu

Izibonelo zesi izinguquko okuyizinto integers, kungatholakala inkulumo okuxoxa, kanye nencwadi.

Lamagama eziyizici izici ezifana lwetakhi telulwimi:

• It sishintsha amacala:

Kubo. njll. eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

R. p:. Eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

D. njll. Eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

V. njll. Eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

Tv. njll. eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

P. n:. Eziyisithupha, eziyisishiyagalombili.

Affixes zesi kuxhomeke titfo tenkhulumo, ezingamalungu okuhlobene.

• Abanye abe uhlobo isigaba. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ifilimu, omunye ilanga, omunye birch; izihlahla ezimbili, amachibi ezimbili, ngezandla zombili.

• Esikhathini ubuningi kanye sebunyeni ingasetshenziswa inani kuphela, ifomu sokuqala okuyinto - eyodwa. Ngokwesibonelo: ngesitulo, umbhede, abanye abangane, abanye isihlibhi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenjongo yokuba izwi efanayo isetshenziswe njengoba izinhlayiya okubhayindiwe esetshenziswa ngomqondo kuphela, isibonelo, abanye besifazane, amanye amadoda.

• Cishe zonke ezinombolweni ezibalula inani akukho isigaba Animate eziphilayo nezingaphili. Wenza okuhlukile nazi kuphela izinombolo ezinjalo - eyodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu, ezine. Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amazwi kuyinto elihambisana ushintsho emsileni. Ngokwesibonelo: izimbali ezine, lezi zinsizwa ezine ezingabangane.

• Izinombolo, izibonelo amelela semali okuthile (esigidini: yinkulungwane futhi abantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane), babe siqu umehluko lwabo lwetakhi telulwimi: ubulili, inombolo ukwehla amacala. Lawo mazwi e imishwana ngokuvamile sokuziphatha njengomncane amabizo. Ngokwesibonelo: a rose million, a rose million, a rose million, a rose million, a rose million.

Indlela ukushintsha izakhi odinali

Izinombolo lecondzile nemisho lemagalagala kuthiwa inqatshelwe icala. Kulokhu, angithethelele siphetfo, kodwa izinguquko ku esiyinhlanganisela is phansi kuphela izwi lokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kubo. n:. eyodwa namakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu.

R. p:. Ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu.

D. njll. Ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwelesihlanu.

V. n:. Ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili lesihlanu (th).

Tv. n:. ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili yesihlanu.

P. n:. Okwesihlanu ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili.

Iziphi izinguquko ilula iinomborosikhundla? Lapho buchaza usuku amagama afana kungenziwa bayichezukisa kuye ngomongo, kodwa igama ngenyanga, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa inombolo njalo 'eyasetshenziswa endabeni genitive. Ngokwesibonelo: Agasti 10, okweshumi kwe-August, ngo-August yeshumi.

Igama umcimbi (iholidi lesishiyagalombili Mashi) emva ngokuchaza amagama - iholide, nelilanga, lusuku - udinga ukusebenzisa inani esimweni nominative, kanye nesidingo ukubhala lokhu izwi ngohlamvu capital.

Ukukholisa amacala izinombolo wamaqhuzu

Kaningi, lapho ukwehla izinombolo wamaqhuzu, abaningi balahlekelwa futhi odidekile nabo zesi esiyinhlanganisela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kunzima into. Bayichezukisa ezimweni ezinjalo, yomibili le nkulumo kanje: owokuqala, esashiwo inombolo, kanti eyesibili - neenomborosikhundla, esimelela isebuningini. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kubo. n:. ngamakwata amathathu.

R. p:. Ngamakwata amathathu.

D. njll. Ngamakota amathathu.

V. n:. Ngamakwata amathathu.

Tv. n:. ngamakwata amathathu.

P. n:. A ngamakota amathathu.

izinombolo ekhethekile

Ngokuvamile ukubangela izinkinga kanye nokwehla ku amacala zesi collective ezivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela inkulumo. Lapha-ke usebenza kokubusa efanayo e ushintsho tichasiso e ubuningi, m. E. zesi kulokhu babe Ukuvalwa efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kubo. n:. ezimbili, ezinhlanu.

R. p:. Ezimbili, ezinhlanu.

D. p:. Bobabili, ezinhlanu.

V. p:. Ezimbili, ezinhlanu.

Tv. n:. dvoimi, ezinhlanu.

P. n:. Amabili nanhlanu.

Izici yilona inombolo ezimbili. Ukushintsha ku izimo, izwi esiwenza amafomu phakathi futhi wesilisa nesimo esifanayo, kodwa njengoba injalo isifazane, ne ukwehla, it is iguqulwe ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kubo. n: -. Kokubili, kokubili.

R. p: -. Kokubili, kokubili.

D. njll: -. Kokubili, kokubili.

V. n: -. Kokubili, kokubili, kokubili, kokubili.

Tv. n: -. kokubili, kokubili.

P. n: -. Ku zombili ezimbili.

Indlela zihlolisisa morphological

Omunye themes cardinal cwaningo okuthiwa kukharikhulamu isikole sifana nenkundla ukuhlaziywa inani lezinhlamvu ezingu morphological. It ikhiqizwa ngokuvumelana uhlelo ocacile.

Eyokuqala uchaza umfanekiso inombolo njengengxenye yokukhuluma, bonisa yayo izici morphological.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukwaba kokuqala ukuma silandelwe izwi, lapho isigaba kungokwalabo (noma ambalwa inani letitayelekile) isakhiwo (elula noma kwakwakhe), futhi ikakhulukazi Nokwehla yayo amacala.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo - incazelo izimpawu ze-non-unomphela. Leli cala, ubulili kanye nenombolo, uma ikhona, kungathiwa.

Ukuphetha, ukuhlaziywa uchaza umsebenzi syntactic kwaleli gama umusho, lokho tenkhulumo ixhunywe futhi ukuthi isivumelwano naye. Nakuba lokhu ukuhlaziya igama inani neze ewusizo kumuntu ekuphileni kwakho (ngaphandle Philologists esizayo), kodwa ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele ekulumwenakhe nokubhala ukuze bakwazi ukwenza kube kumelwe.