Imithombo yamafutha omhlaba kanye namaRussia

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi konke okusemhlabeni kunesiphetho esinengqondo. Amaminerali ayenawo umkhiqizo ongapheli, ngakho ngelinye ilanga isintu kuyodingeka sikhohlwe ngalokho esikujwayele khona igesi, amafutha, amalahle. Kulesi sihloko ngizokutshela kabanzi mayelana nezinqolobane zamafutha omhlaba.

Kuze kube manje, izindawo zokugcina amafutha zomhlaba (ezaziwa) zingamathani angama-265 billion, angu-73% asemazweni e- OPEC (amazwe athengisa amafutha). Ukukhula okwenyuka kweminye imithombo yamafutha, okwenziwe ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Kusukela ngenhla, ungathola isiphetho esinengqondo sokuthi abashayeli nabomabhizinisi abahlukahlukene akufanele bakhathazeke ngokuthi izimoto zabo maduzane zifaneleke kuphela ngezinsimbi zensimbi, futhi ibhizinisi lamazinkampani we-oli ngeke lilethe inzuzo, ngoba ngokusho kochwepheshe kuphela ama-deposit oil avunyelwe ayokwanela isikhathi eside Iminyaka engu-55. Izindawo zokugcina zamafutha manje zikhona ezindaweni ezilandelayo: i-Middle East (48.1%), iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika (32.9%) ne-Afrika (8%). Insimu esele ingu-11%. Uma ulinganisela izinqolobane zezwe, umholi lapha uVenezuela (17.9%). Okulandelayo kuza eSadi Arabia (16.1%), eCanada (10.6%), i-Iran (9.1%) ne-Iraq (8.7%).

Muva nje, inkinga yefutha (ngokuqondile, isisombululo sayo) iholela emiphumeleni emibi, okubaluleke kunazo zonke ezemvelo nezombusazwe. Uma konke kucacile ngezemvelo (ukungcoliswa ngumoya onobungozi bomkhathi womhlaba kanye ne-hydrosphere), khona-ke ngezindaba zezombusazwe, izinto azizona ezingcono kakhulu. NgoMeyi 2012, enye yezinkampani zamafutha ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke, uRepsol, yaxoshwa uhulumeni wase-Argentina ngezinyathelo ezingekho emthethweni ngenxa yalolu daba, efuna imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 zamaRandi. Isinyathelo sesibili sezombusazwe esenkulu kwaba ukwenqaba kwamazwe e- EU ukuthenga amafutha ase-Iranian (ngenxa yezenzo ezengeziwe ze-Iran ezenza izingxabano ). Futhi, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kweChina neJapane buhlushwa ngenxa yezikhukhula ze-Senkaku namafutha. Zonke lezi zenzakalo ezingenhla zinomthelela omubi emakethe yomhlaba wonke, okuholela entengo ephakeme yephethiloli, idizili nokunye okunjalo. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Njengoba ohulumeni baseMpumalanga Ephakathi bathi, uma bengabhekana nokucindezeleka okungazelelwe, khona-ke amanani abakhiqizi bamandla kulo nyaka angase anciphise kancane.

Izindawo zokugcina amafutha eRussia zivumela umbuso ukuba ungene emazweni aphezulu ayishumi ehamba phambili. Namuhla, uhulumeni awunqamuli umthamo ogcwele wezimali zamaminerali, nokuthi yini umhlaba owaziyo yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili. Kodwa-ke, umongameli waseRussia, uVladimir Putin, wakhipha isimemezelo nge-declassification yabo engamaphesenti angu-100, ngemva kwalokho, ngokwamanye ochwepheshe, iRussia izokwazi ukungena eziphezulu ezintathu.

Kuze kube manje, izindawo zokugcina amafutha zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: okulukhuni ukuthola nokulula. Ngakho-ke, eRussia, ukulandisa okugcina ku-30% kuphela, okubonisa ukuthi maduzane baphumelele. Ukukhipha amafutha anzima, ubuchwepheshe obusha kumele busetshenziswe, okuzofaka izimali ezinkulu. Yilokho okwenza ukuthi manje izinkampani eziningi zamafutha zikhumbuze ekuthuthukiseni idiphozi ezinjalo. Khumbula ukuthi manje izinkampani ezinkulu kuleli lizwe yiRossneft, uLukoil ne-TNK-BP.