Imithetho jikelele for usebenzisa esitimeleni

Lapho kwazalelwa khona imodi entsha yokuhamba kwaba London. Lo muzi usanda kwethula lento imithetho eyisisekelo ukusetshenziswa. Metropolitan, esikubheka namuhla waqala nomlando wayo emuva ngawo-1850.

Inkinga nge umbono

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX enhloko-dolobha British kube nenkinga ukunyakazisa abagibeli. Ngesikhathi inani abakhileyo safinyelela kwezigidi ezimbili, futhi kwacishe kwaba nesimo esibucayi nge zokuthutha. Kwakudingekile ukuba ngokushesha futhi kalula uthole ukusebenza abantu ababehlala ngaphandle komuzi nezindawo zayo eziqhelile.

Nakuba ujantshi ithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi kahle. Ngesikhathi nokulahla eLondon babengu-6 iziteshi ukuthi zitholakala emaphethelweni. Kwakukhona enye esiteshini maphakathi. Kodwa leli nani akwanele ukunyakaza ukhululekile. ojantshi abaningi emigwaqweni inhlokodolobha okwakwenqatshelwe ukwakha. Lokhu kungase kuphazamise izakhiwo ngokomlando ezibalulekile futhi isikhalazo yobuhle. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi kugeleza namakalishi futhi stagecoaches okubangelwa ukuminyana ezindaweni athandwa kakhulu.

Hlela i-ngokoqobo

Inkinga yaxazululeka e 1863. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwaba khona ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-January 10 wethula komugqa wokuqala. Ubude bayo 6 amakhilomitha. Kwaba intuthuko emkhakheni yezokuthutha - umhlaba omusha lapho imithetho yokusetshenziswa ayekhona. Metropolitan laba yintandokazi ngokushesha kwabaningi kakhulu.

Engineer Marc Brunel eFrance emuva 1818 wasungula isihlangu mhubhe. Ngalo Umhubhe egandayiwe ngaphansi eMfuleni iThames. Umqondo lo mshini futhi wethula zokuthutha ngomshoshaphansi.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside isakhiwo lihlehlisiwe. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa emigqeni ziye abhidliza izindlu eziningana. Emigwaqweni, lapho umsebenzi zenzeka, wayeka traffic.

Le phrojekthi wabelwa inkampani Metropolitan Railways, ogama lakhe ihumusha ngokuthi "ujantshi wedolobha elikhulu". Leli yigama manje zisebenzisa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke ukuba ubheke lolu hlobo ezokuthutha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-British ngokwabo baye okuthiwa Metro elithi "komhlaba". Enkulumweni eyayivame bavame ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Tube", okungukuthi "ipayipi".

London Underground uqalise nge iziteshi eziyisikhombisa. Izitimela letatinyakata traction esitimela. Ukupholisa yayihlupheka ke. Ngakho-ke, intuthu bazinza izimoto, intuthu egcwele imigudu. Chad kwasontwa ukukhanya okhanyayo. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele isigaba sabasebenzi ukuya ongaphansi komhlaba.

Sabalalisa emhlabeni wonke

Noma kunjalo, uhlelo utholwe. namakalishi ezokuthutha okunjalo wathutha ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle isiminyaminya. Ngonyaka wokuqala isitimela uye zithutha abantu abayizigidi ezingu-9.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sibalo liyakhuphuka. Ngemva kwalokho imodi wokusebenza, ithikithi amanani kanye nemithetho jikelele washintsha ngokusebenzisa ongaphansi komhlaba.

Umqondo London yokutholwa kwenzeka kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu amaningi. Ngo-1868, nasezitimeleni wavulwa e-New York. Chicago Landelayo wathatha phezu isinyathelo. Angazi yokusilela naseYurophu. Ngemva inhlokodolobha British indlela kulolu isitimela benza e Budapest, Paris nase-Berlin.

ezokuthutha esikahle futhi fast uvele eU.SSR ngo-1935. Ilungelo sokuvula Esiteshini bakuqala bawa eMoscow. Okulandelayo endleleni komhlaba kwavula eLeningrad, Kiev futhi emadolobheni amakhulu ayishumi. Uhulumeni waseSoviet wavuma ukuba kwakhiwe kuphela labo ezindaweni lapho nokwakha engabizi. Ngokuvamile lezi edolobheni, inani ezingaphezu kuka-1 million.

Igama elithi "komhlaba" livele umlobi Maxim Gorky. Leli gama lavela izikhathi eziningana kwelinye imisebenzi yakhe. kaMasipala Simple futhi kulula ayesifuna ngabomvu ukuqokwa izakhamuzi zase-USSR. Isetshenziswa besikhathi sakhe.

Inchazelo

Ngokuvamile, lokhu ezokuthutha has ukusebenzisa imithetho efanayo. Met ngokuvamile Umhubhe ngomshoshaphansi. Amapharamitha nobungako emazweni ahlukahlukene zihlukile. Izici eziyinhloko ohlelweni yilezi lezi zinto ezilandelayo: ukusetshenziswa traction kagesi, ezinzile isivinini ishadi kanye ukuthwala abagibeli abaningi. Oscillates futhi umugqa obuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, kwa-Israyeli indlela kwavula 2 km, isikhashana eNew York City 1,300 amakhilomitha.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Esiteshini elibalulekile kakhulu efana isitimela, kungcono imodi ohluke ngokuphelele ezokuthutha, okuyinto has imithetho yayo siqu. Abaningi babo babe enengqondo futhi umlando ezithakazelisayo. Iningi nezidingo ukuthi basungula futhi iqaliswe ekhaya imigudu - eLondon.

imithetho eyisisekelo

Kukhona imithetho ejwayelekile ukusetshenziswa. Met ingaba kanjani yingozi ukuze abagibeli e-non-ukuhambisana yabo. Akuvunyelwe okungaphezu umugqa ophuzi. Kuyinto non-ukuhambisana nalo mthetho, ngenxa izingozi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile lokhu ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka ngenhloso ukuze ukuzibulala. Edge platform, sezizungeziwe ngopende ophuzi, kungenzeka ukuwela kuphela uma isitimela sithule.

Lapho iminyango zivulwa, kubalulekile ukuhoxisa abagibeli abafika, futhi ngemva kwalokho angene emotweni. Ukuthuthwa kungavunyelwe bezama ukuphuma. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuke umnyango, ukuze singathwesi uphazamise abanye. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kwakho siqu, kufanele siqhubeke sibambelele handrails.

Ukumisa isidingo sabo sokulungiselela kusengaphambili, kunokuba emva isimemezelo. Kungcono oyolisusa futhi bathuthele nendawo kancane, hhayi e-ukudideka.

Ukuziphatha jikelele

Imigomo yokusetshenziswa ongaphansi komhlaba e Moscow, Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha njalo okufanayo. Umgibeli kumelwe aziphathe esinenhlonipho futhi benobungane. indawo yaso isinika kubantu abadala, ngokomzimba abantu okungenamsoco, omama abakhulelwe kanye abesifazane nezingane. Noma yimuphi iloli noma izimo engavamile ukuthi kungalimaza izimpilo abagibeli, kumele kubikwe umshayeli.

Asikho isidingo ukudala izimo ezingaholela ziphazamise ezinye abagibeli ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile. Elinye iphuzu okufanele kungavunyelwa esiteshini elingenalutho.

Imoto kumele athobele lo myalo futhi ziziphathe ngenhlonipho ngokufaneleyo. Ukuze zonke zikhona imithetho efanayo ngokusebenzisa ongaphansi komhlaba: Minsk, eMoscow naseKiev kule ndaba. Abagibeli abavunyelwe avele isimo lokudakwa ongumlutha wotshwala noma isidakamizwa. Anikwazi ukuphuza utshwala endaweni esitimeleni.

Kuwufanele ukuwabuka ukunakekelwa kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo. Ngo isambatho wempahla, okungase ibala abantu kamakhelwane futhi egumbini, akavunyelwe ukungena.

Kukhona ukuvinjelwa ezinzima yokubhema ezokuthutha zomphakathi. Ngakho omunye baba ngesidunu ngoNovemba 1987, imbangela emikhulu umlilo kwelinye iziteshi komhlaba eLondon. Yena kwabulala abantu 31.

nempahla yonke emayelana

ezinye imikhawulo ngosayizi umthwalo isethelwe induduzo abasebenzisi. izikhwama ezinkulu ngeke kuphela ziphazamisa nabanye abagibeli, kodwa futhi baba inkinga ngawe. Noma kunjalo, ukuphathwa okuthwala amabhayisikili ukuthi phinda. Mahhala Ungafaka nge pram futhi esehamba ngesihlalo esinamasondo.

Imigomo yokusetshenziswa Metro Petersburg, eMoscow, Samara nakwamanye amadolobha ukuvumela ukuthutha ezifuywayo uma izitsha noma izikhwama ezifanele. Amalungelo kanye izinja Umhlahlandlela, uma bayoba isifonyo, leash futhi uhlamvu ekhethekile.

Ocwaningweni ungakwazi ukuthutha zomculo, Ukushushuluza, isihlibhi, amakalishi, amathuluzi ingadi, zokudoba kwenzeka ukuthi Ubukhulu yabo akufanele sedlule kwezinkambiso amiselwe lokhu isitimela. Lapha, amakhasimende kufanele uqaphele ukuthi wemithwalo ezinjalo kungabangela ukulimala ngendlela nabo kanye nomakhelwane babo.

Ngesisekelo induduzo jikelele

Ukuphepha ukunyakaza sixhomeke kakhulu abagibeli ngokwabo. ezahlukene kancane kusukela zezwe ezifuywayo. Kukhona imithetho eziyingqayizivele ukusetshenziswa eMoscow komhlaba (metro nakwamanye amadolobha). Akuvunyelwe bahamba ngezinyawo phezu kwezingqimba endleleni. Awukwazi ibuselwe track noma siyalicacisa izinto. Abakwazi umonakalo imoto.

Akufanele aphazamise inqubo ukuvulwa kanye lokuvala iminyango. Uma umgibeli waphawula lezi kanye nezinye izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, nguye bebophekile ukuba ubike ukuhlukumeza abaphathi. Ngaphandle isidingo Ungakhathazeki Guide.

Awukwazi ukunamathisela izikhangiso ezindongeni ezinqoleni. Banned ukuhweba kanye neminye imisebenzi yebhizinisi endaweni the komhlaba ngaphandle imibhalo efanele.

Nakekela ayigcinanga ngokuchaza induduzo yabo, kodwa futhi ukuthula nabanye. Musa ukulalela umculo ngaphandle-headphone. Uma imithwalo yakho, bese ngiyibeke ukuze kungaphazamisi ukuhamba nabanye abagibeli. Akubalulekile ukubeka isikhwama esihlalweni eceleni kwakhe lapho ungathola omunye umuntu.

ngaphansi kokuqondisa

Ukwephula amalungelo abagibeli usebenzisa esitimeleni esokuba yisigwebo umthetho. Ngamunye namazinga eziphoqelelwe senzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha izakhamuzi.

Amaklayenti abavunyelwe ukungena emagcekeni bebodwa, okuyinto enzelwe kuphela abasebenzi. Futhi eziteshini ngabanye noma esitimeleni Lingase uvinjelwe video kanye izithombe. Abantu kufanele futhi khumbula ukuthi ngemva kwabo in the komhlaba ngezinhloso zokuphepha ingaqashelwa ubusuku nemini, futhi ukuvula eyodwa amakhamera ezifihliwe.

Futhi, ezinye iziteshi azikho namakani kudoti. Lena isenzo ngenhloso evimbela izenzo zobuphekula. Uma uqaphela esikhwameni noma ibhokisi emotweni noma esitezi esiteshini futhi eduze, umniniyo engekho, lokhu kufanele kubikwe abomthetho.

imodi

Ngokuvamile, ezokuthutha enjalo ivuliwe kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku kakhulu. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo imithetho eyisisekelo ukusetshenziswa. Petersburg kaMasipala itholakala kusukela 5,45 kuya 0,10, enhloko-dolobha, athwala abagibeli kusukela 6:00 am kuze kube sekuseni. E Samara, uvala ihora ngaphambili. Phakathi namaholide, imodi esebenzayo kungashintshwa. Lesi sakhiwo abasebenzi ukubika kusengaphambili.

Izikhangibavakashi kwenzeka ku imali ngesisekelo. Okukhishiwe abantu abafinyelela amalungelo athile. Ukuze izikhwama ezinkulu futhi wemithwalo oversized kufanele akhokhe imali ethé xaxa njengoba indawo ehlukile. Omunye umgibeli uvunyelwe ukuthatha isihlalo eyengeziwe eyodwa kuphela. Ikhadi kanye ithikithi ayikuvumeli ukuba sithwale mahhala. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala ungakwazi ukugibela ngaphandle ithikithi.

Ukuze kube lula abagibeli namuhla abanazo - stop izimoto. Imigomo yokusetshenziswa Hamba yokupaka eziteshini Metro kumele bazi abashayeli.

yokuziphatha

Kunemibandela ethile mayelana nokusetshenziswa escalators. Ima ngendwangu kudingeka abhekane bebheke ibhande travel. Phakathi yezokuthutha kufanele siqhubeke sibambelele handrail. Uma ithrekhi seliphelile, udinga ukuze uthole ngokushesha endaweni yesikhulumi, ngakho njengoba hhayi abaphazamisa abantu abangekho ngemuva kwakho.

Lapho ukugeleza amakhasimende igxathu elikhulu endleleni esizihambelayo ngengxenye wathi abaphathi. Adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezingane ezincane. Phakathi ezokuthutha, isandla sabo akudingekile ukuya. Kungcono ukugcina ingane ezingalweni zakhe.

Imithwalo ukuthi uya eduze nawe, akufanele zishiywe. Isikhwama akufanele ikhishwe. Kuyadingeka ukukhulisa ekupheleni ithrekhi.

Awukwazi ukushiya izinto zakho out of control. Ukuze uphephe yabo alihlangani noma eMoscow noma Petersburg, noma Samara Metro. Imigomo yokusetshenziswa wazi ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile lapho ezokuthutha, kudingeka ukuqapha ngokwakho.

endaweni eyingozi

Ngokuvamile ezindaweni ukusebenzisa amasela. Bayisizwe ongatjhejisisiko ebe kusukela ekhukhwini imali namafoni. Ngokuvamile Crooks thwala mobile ngokushesha ngemva ophumayo esitimeleni. Kube basebenzela kulula, ngoba akukho inethiwekhi ngezitimela ezigcwele futhi abagibeli wenze amakholi ngokushesha nje lapho eze kwamanzi. Ngakho, babonisa lapho ifoni eyayifihliwe.

izimoto eziningi azikwazi ukumelana ne air conditioning, ngakho ehlobo kushisa. Ukuze kusinde ekushiseni kulula, ekuphathweni Kunconywa ukuletha amanzi ahlanzekile.

Njengoba insimu ka amathangi komhlaba kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi khona, kubalulekile ukuba sihlale sihlanzekile hhayi baphonse udoti phansi ngasezinyaweni zakhe.

Imigomo ukusetshenziswa Petersburg ngesitimela, ngezitimela ezigcwele wedolobha kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba zokuhamba zomphakathi eziya kwamanye amadolobha ngokuvamile okufanayo, futhi kuhluke kuphela imininingwane. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba bangene esitimeleni, kubalulekile waphinda ukufunda ngokucophelela imithetho main zokuziphatha kule ndawo.