Imidwebo engcono Dzhotto Di Bondone kanye nencazelo yabo

Amagama okungatholakala imisebenzi omkhulu esiqokiwe umdwebi Italian Giotto di Bondone - ke imigqa imbongi Arseniya Tarkovskogo:

Ngiyi ndoda, Ngingumfana phakathi nezwe,

Kimi nezigidigidi infusoria,

Ngaphambi kwami inqwaba izinkanyezi.

Ngaya ukuphakama kwakhe okugcwele phakathi kwawo -

Amabhanga Amabili isibopho Sea,

isikhala ababili zixhunywe ebhulohweni.

La mazwi asichaza hhayi kuphela umbhali, kodwa futhi yonke inkathi ayephila kuso. Imidwebo ngu Giotto futhi ibhuloho efanayo exhunywe izigaba ezimbili in ubuciko imidwebo.

Umsunguli Umdwebo yesimanje

Giotto wahlala ekuqa- amabili eminyaka - 13 kanye 14. Uqinisile phakathi nokuphila kwakhe yayiba ngalesi sikhathi, futhi kule nkathi e isiko bezwe ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi Dante futhi Giotto. Kwakumelwe ababephila ngesikhathi.

Isazi sefilosofi uMerabi Mamardashvili mayelana imidwebo ngu Giotto wake wathi: "Giotto yakhululwa zero obabazekayo". Lokhu ibinzana eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sakhe zaba ziningi insini. Kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho, noma kunalokho yonke efanayo ayikwazi wathi. Ngemva Giotto njengoba umculi waqala kusuka ekuqaleni.

Bheka kakhulu ezidumile of Giotto. Lokho akwenza esikhathini kwezobuciko, ukuthi ohlongozwayo ubuciko, wake akekho phambi kwakhe akwenzile. Waqala kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi mhlawumbe, ngalo mqondo, wonke umuntu wakwa-ubuhlakani ingena obabazekayo zero. Michelangelo, Pol Sezann futhi Kazimir Malevich benza. Baqala kusukela ekuqaleni, kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngalo mqondo, futhi Giotto ifinyelele zero obungangatshazwa. Ngenxa kungashiwo ngempela ngomoya ophansi futhi ngokuqiniseka: kuthathela Giotto Bondone Umdwebo yesimanje European.

Indalo edume kakhulu

Esikwaziyo imidwebo ngu Giotto? Lona "Wokudumisa izazi", "Isethulo ethempelini", "I Entombment", "Isibusiso Anna," "Ukubethelwa" "Isimangaliso umthombo." Giotto di Bondone imidwebo kanye yasezindongeni ngoba Chapel wabhala Del Arena Padua, wamasonto amaningi uFlorence no-Assisi. wesandla sakhe akukwazi kudidaniswe isitayela yezinye izingcweti. Incazelo imidwebo ngu Giotto - a zokuhlola lomzekeliso Gospel. Asishiya nezithombe zosanta yobuKristu, njengokushumayela St Francis zokuxhumana. Lawrence, zokuxhumana. UStefanu, John Bogoslov et al.

imidwebo Giotto sika ngeziqu ngaphezu WasePadua, uFlorence, iVatican kwisikhangisi ukuqoqwa iminyuziyamu ezifana Jacquemart-André kanye Louvre eFrance, e-National Gallery Art e-Washington futhi Raleigh (University of North Carolina), e-Paris, eJalimane nase-e-UK .

Phambi kwakhe kwaba isithonjana, noma ubuciko WaseByzantium yokutholwa emhlabeni European. Imidwebo Dzhotto Di Bondone nge amagama izifundo kweBhayibheli ukuthi babeshaye esikhonkosini. Kodwa lokhu akulona uphawu. Lona adumile "Madonna of Ognissanti", ligcinwe Uffizi, futhi phansi umdwebo Giotto "Flight eGibithe".

Ukunika izinhlamvu waseBhayibhelini corporeality

Umbhali womlando abaculi Italian Dzhordzho Vazari kusitshela nganekwane ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba umfundi ka Giotto, Cimabue mculi. Futhi in the Museum eduze Uffizi nokujwayela imidwebo emibili, ezimbili Madonna - Madonna Madonna Cimabue futhi Giotto.

Uma sibheke Madonnas ezimbili eziqhathanisa, ngisho noma ungazi lutho mayelana art, ungabona umehluko hhayi kuphela phakathi abaculi ababili, kodwa futhi phakathi nangenkathi ezimbili, phakathi izimiso ezimbili ezingefani nhlobo. Uyabona umehluko ngokuphelele. Uyaqonda ukuthi asesikhundleni bezibona ohluke ngokuphelele kuleli zwe.

imidwebo Cimabue elicwengiweyo ngokungavamile, nenhle, kungashiwo ukuthi - hhayi nje umculi WaseByzantium, ephakathi gothic. Madonna yakhe ehlukaniswe nemizimba, enhle ngokumangalisayo, zokuhlobisa. iminwe Long, izingalo eside ungayigcini esifubeni umntwana, futhi wenze uphawu ukuthi uqamba wayemgcine. Ubuso bakhe lidlulisela lidlule in umdwebo WaseByzantium Oriental uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli ewumngcingo ubuso, amehlo eside, nekhala mncane, ukudabuka emehlweni akhe. Lokhu flat ethereal okukakhenoni okunemibandela Umdwebo imifanekiso nazo. Hhayi umuntu, hhayi uhlobo ubuntu nobuso.

A ukulengiswa eduze isithonjana, noma, engiyishoyo, has isithombe Giotto. Esihlalweni sobukhosi, obunamaparele, sobukhosi enhle, e isitayela ukuthi kuphela ke waphasiswa, kuphela yimfashini. Lokhu zemabula obunamaparele. Owesifazane ehlezi phezu kwazo ezibanzi-engathwala, eqinile, abasha, othi awube esihlathini egcwele. Ngokuqina ukubambana ngezandla umntwana. isikibha esimhlophe ezinhle. Umzimba ugcizelela amandla ako. Futhi yena ngomoya ophansi usibhekile. Ngo ubuso bakhe akukho ukuhlupheka. Igcwele besithunzi sobuntu okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuthula. Lena akuyona Madonna, hhayi isithonjana of the Virgin. It Madonna e Italian umuzwa kamuva futhi ukuqonda ngale ndaba. Yikho, noMariya, intokazi enhle.

Singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokho akwenza Giotto imidwebo, igcinwe art aseYurophu impressionism. It Giotto wadala lokho ngolimi lwanamuhla libizwa kwengoma. Kuyini Ukwakheka? Lena yindlela umculi ubona ngesakhiwo, njengoba njengoba acabanga. Udlala indima yobufakazi, izenzakalo party. Lwenza banenkolelo yokuthi umuntu kwaba khona.

Ubunikazi isinyathelo ngesakhiwo

Lokho umculi ngokwakhe umlobi, umqondisi kanye umlingisi imidwebo yakhe. Indalo yakhe - uhlobo yaseshashalazini lapho abadlali isinyathelo futhi eqondisa lezi abadlali ke - umculi. "Ngangiba khona! Igama ukunikeza, ngikhona, futhi ingabe lokho kwakuyiqiniso yini, "- uthi endalweni yakhe cishe Giotto. Nokho, ingabe icatshangwe ukuze ingqondo medieval lesi simangalo!

Giotto livela kithi umuntu kufanele aphendule ngalokho Uyabhala. Futhi imidwebo yakhe, njengokuthi "Kiss likaJuda" futhi "I-Flight eGibithe" - lokhu mural, eyabhalwa ngawakhe senzo.

Umfanekiso ngesineke ngokuhlangenwe umculi

Around 1303 Giotto kwaba emangalisayo sipho - ukuze upende esontweni encane, elakhiwa ngo edolobheni WasePadua LamaRoma Arena. Umbhali womlando Giotto, noma kunalokho, omunye wokuphila kwakhe Dzhordzho Vazari eshiya ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo kakhulu. Uthi Giotto WasePadua weza ukupenda esontweni ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphambi inkampani yakhe, okungukuthi, amaqabane. Ngendlela efanayo njengoba Ephakathi Andrei Rublev ebhala nabangane, njengoba eNtshonalanga yesonto nje ukuthi ngesineke nge umculi nge gama elihle kakhulu, amaqabane, okungukuthi, kanye lamabutho lakhe kwezobuciko. "Kiss likaJuda" - lo mural, okuyinto wabhala yena. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu ingenye ezimbalwa ngokuphelele usebenza wombhali ngokuthi "uZiqu-zintathu" Rublev, futhi walamukela zembula ngokugcwele ungubani Giotto.

"Kiss likaJuda": incazelo isithombe

Futhi lapho sibheka mural "The Kiss likaJuda", bese ngokushesha ukhethe emehlweni isikhungo kwengoma. Esikhungweni sokubhalisela, izenzakalo main okukhulu zenzeka. Sibona ukuthi noJuda bangana Kristu, ubamba ke. Futhi lezi zibalo ezimbili - central. Singabona ngakwesokudla, njengalokhu umpristi omkhulu engena ethempelini eJerusalema. Uveza ukuthi Kristu. Futhi ngakwesokunxele sibona uPetru, ngubani Nokho kathathu ngaphambi iqhude lakhala kathathu, kodwa namanje wangikhiphela ummese isinkwa waquma ezindlebeni zazo. Sibona kuye nale ummese Ufaka nangoJuda, kodwa indlela athukuthela ivinjwe isixuku, futhi uma silandela isiqondiso wezandla umpristi ophakeme isiqondiso ummese, sithola ukuthi imigqa bukhomba isembatho likaJuda, nje ngobuso babo. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi maphakathi Ukwakheka akuzona ngisho izingcezu ezimbili akuhlanganisileyo, futhi obubili. Okungukuthi, kusukela kuleli qophelo ezithakazelisayo ukufunda ngalezi zithako.

Amandla futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe

Njalo Giotto sithi indida ethile: "Yeka wavula Giotto?". Ngokwesibonelo, e "Amarcord" Fellini, lapho uthisha esikoleni ku ikhono lokubuza ukuthi adalwe Giotto, abafundi basho kanyekanye: "Ethile". Kuyinto funny kakhulu. Kakade, akekho ngokombono Giotto asenziwanga. Lena isitatimende ayilungile. Akazange adale nethemba futhi kwesinye isikhala isithombe, lapho isikhala kumelwe liqondwe isenzo eyayembuleka phambi kwezilaleli.

Thatha look at the mural "The Kiss likaJuda". Kukhona isixuku sabantu. Futhi isixuku ebusuku. On ebumnyameni esibhakabhakeni izimbaqa, watshisa sokunene nesobunxele. Uzizwa ukunyakaza ngokumelene esibhakabhakeni. Esibhakabhakeni esimnyama izibani, amalangabi ehla enyuka, uzizwa isasasa kukagesi isixuku. Yini ethakazelisayo isixuku? Iqiniso ukuthi akayena ongenandaba. Kulesi isixuku, uma ubone ngamehlo akho, yakhelwe cishe ngamunye. Kukhona nje Amazing isimo adlulisiwe.

Mnogovremonnost

Giotto waba ngowokuqala kodwa futhi kube sekugcineni. Yena, bathi, hhayi kuphela usethe, kodwa futhi wanquma lenqwaba izinkinga, hhayi nje ukudala ingoma, "Mina, Giotto, esinqumweni esikhulu ukubona ngakho: nazi izinhlamvu yami, nangu choir yami," futhi uma wasebenza kuyinto nasengqondweni lapho imibukiso eminingi kwelinye isenzo mnogovremonnost.

Ngamunye yasezindongeni bakhe kuyinto ukumangala okukhulu, ngisho badideke. Kanjani umuntu ngoba ukuphila ngaphandle eyandulele, njengoba besho, uya zero obungangatshazwa, wadala kusuka ekuqaleni ubuciko European yesimanje, ukwakheka njengoba isenzo yesikhashana njengoba ubuhlobo esiyimbangela, bazogcwalisa isikhathi salo ukusabalala kanye inani elikhulu kakhulu shades ngokwengqondo?

isiphetho

Kulesi sihloko, thina ucishe enemininingwane imidwebo emibili kuphela Giotto okuthiwa "UJuda Kiss" futhi "Madonna of Ognissanti." Iseluleki, ungajabulela okungenamkhawulo. Abakwazi ubuke amahora, kodwa a lifetime akwanele ukukhuluma mayelana yonke imisebenzi Giotto di Bondone, ogama imidwebo ayaziswa ngesikhathi, wahlala isikhathi. Bonke - ukudalwa kunazozonke umculi futhi le ndoda yaqala kusuka ekuqaleni.