Igazi test immunoassay (immunogram) izinkomba izici, sokuqonda

Ukuhlaziya igazi immunological - indlela esetshenziswa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukunquma ukuthi umzimba wesiguli ukumelana nazo zonke izifo sina amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Imiphumela kwesifo ukunquma izinga lokuvikeleka mzimba uma silinganisa izinkomba qualitative ambalwa yamaseli begodu i-khona masosha omzimba egazini.

Kanjani ukuvikela umzimba sika

ejenti Alien (amagciwane, isikhunta, zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi) ukuthi ufake umzimba, abizwa ngokuthi antigen. Amasosha omzimba iyaphendula ekuhlaselweni kwabo isizukulwane asebenzayo okuthiwa omzimba - okwakheke ethize phezu lama-lymphocyte, okuhloswe ngaso sesibopho ukuthobisa antigen futhi inactivation yabo okwalandela.

Nokuvuthwa, kwamangqamuzana futhi kumiswa ukubulawa amasosha omzimba asuka izitho ezilandelayo:

• umnkantsha, ise amathambo ezinkulu;
• thymus;
• amalaka;
• zamanzi.

igazi ukuhlanjululwa ejenti angaphandle elihlobene ne amangqamuzana egazi, kwenzeka esikhathini ubende. Ama-lymphocyte kuthiwa zithutha wonke umzimba futhi basakaza ezindaweni ezahlukene nge samanje lymph ngokusebenzisa lymph. Le ngxenye neuropathy kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Izinkomba zokwenza ukuhlola

ukuhlolwa immunological igazi iqondiswa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• njalo ezilokhu zivela izifo Lokudabuka samafayela;
• notshwala Heavy kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
• Ngazuza immunodeficiency noma imvelo azalwa naso;
• khona isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba;
• izimo iguliswa;
• isidingo ukungenelela okukhulu olubanzi kuhlinzwa;
• yezinkinga nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa;
• ukulawula imiphumela yokwamukela immunomodulators e Dynamics;
• sokuzincisha;
• lokudakwa imvelo ezahlukene;
• izinqubo neoplastic;
• sikashukela;
• ukuthuthukiswa imiphumela emibi kakhulu e seziguli ezithola imishanguzo.

Izinkomba immunogram hhayi ukubhala abasebenzi lab. Imiphumela Survey abangu esikalini onguchwepheshe bayahlanganyela.

ukuhlaziywa Immunological wegazi

Ukuthola imiphumela yokugcina ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa ezehlukene zemisebenzi kunqophe ukulinganisa izinkomba ambalwa kanye qualitative amangqamuzana omzimba - amasosha omzimba. Ezimweni eziningi, isiqondiso ukuhlaziywa isazi kubonisa okuyinto isixhumanisi zezici nokuvikelwa kumele ahlolwe.

immunogram Okugcwele, intengo okuyinto ku ekupha ama-ruble ayizigidi 5-6, kunalokho isikhathi esiningi futhi Ukuhlolwa okhandlayo, + ngakho-laboratories ziye zakhomba kuphela lezo zinyathelo ukuthi kukhona udokotela kunesidingo.

Ngokuvamile igazi kuthathwa ukuphenya lezi zici immunological:

1. izinkomba quantitative ka immunoglobulin serum M, A, G E.
2. isakhi umphelelisi C3 S4-2.
3. Umsebenzi obusebenzayo ukubulawa amasosha omzimba.
4. Inkomba Phagocytic.
5. umsebenzi Proliferative lymphocyte.
6. Quantitative izinkomba subpopulations amaseli omzimba.

Sibutsetelo izinkomba main

Ukuhlaziya immunogram ngokuyinhloko inquma lizinga lekuphumelela futhi immunoglobulin, ayisiza. Inombolo enkulu (75%) kungene immunoglobulin, ayisiza G. Bayakwazi zingene placenta elivela kumama ezingenzeka embungwini, ukudala uhlelo Ukuvikelwa zabo kwengane.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa anenombolo enganele IgG immunological, kungase kukhombise khona kuwuphawu lwesimila kohlelo lymph, noma uhlobo abulalayo we nokungathuthuki womuntu. Izinga eliphezulu ubufakazi isifo sesibindi, sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba noma izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Igm lingokweshumi zonke ezinye immunoglobulin, ayisiza. Babonakala kusaqalwa lesi sifo. Faka Igm izici samathambo futhi immunoglobulin, ayisiza anti-infective. Imiphumela ephezulu abonisa sibe sesomile noma ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo ukuthuthukiswa.

Iga kuyinto 15% of the isisindo isamba immunoglobulin, ayisiza. Ziyakwazi mucosal Ukuvikelwa izici. Igazi ukuhlolwa kubonisa i ezingeni immunological ukuthuthukiswa lupus erythematosus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, myeloma, utshwala poisoning ephakeme.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala 14 lesi sifo bavele Iga. Ukuze omunye izinsuku ezingu-7 ukuze ujoyine inombolo yabo Igm. Ekupheleni kwenyanga kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa lesi sifo egazini kungacacisa ukuthi isigaba omzimba A, M G. Nakuba isiguli phezu lungisa, Iga futhi IgG amasosha omzimba bahlale uhlelo igazi, kodwa izinkomba zabo ambalwa ziyawa izikhathi 2-4.

Kukhona Ige futhi IgD. La masosha omzimba avele ukubonakaliswa iguliswa futhi helminth kucabanga. Kumuntu ophile kahle, banayo amanani aphansi.

amasosha omzimba alloimmune

Lokhu omzimba athile evelayo emzimbeni ukuze antigen kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. ukukhiqizwa yabo kungadalwa RH ukungqubuzana bekhulelwe noma igazi. Kusekelwe ukuqashelwa Rhesus igazi njengoba angaphandle.

Uhlaziyo esiyakuqokwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• ukuzalwa isikhathi ekuvimbeleni RH ukungqubuzana;
• labo okwashiwo abesifazane abakhulelwe abe negative RH isici;
• kwesisu emlandweni;
• ukuthuthukiswa isifo hemolytic we osanda kuzalwa;
• Ukuhlola isiguli ngaphambi kokumpompela igazi.

isidoda amasosha omzimba

Immunogram, intengo othi mayelana nokusetshenziswa eliphezulu izindlela ezintsha uphethwe, ukuhlola khona anti-isidoda masosha omzimba egazini. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uphethwe ezengeziwe ukungabi nenzalo imibhangqwana.

Amasosha Omzimba kungathola igazi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ku isikhwehlela wesibeletho, phezu kobuso isidoda e isidoda plasma. Amapharamitha Liphinyiselwa kukhona ngaphakathi 55-60 Units. / Ml. Phezu kokuthola imiphumela kabusha luhlolo wenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14.

immunodeficiency uthi

Hlukanisa zamabanga aphansi naphezulu immunodeficiency uthi. Primary - azalwa naso, okubangelwa isifo ezakhini zofuzo. Secondary - kuyosho ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ngesikhathi ukuphila ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene ngokomzimba nezinto eziphilayo.

Kukhona futhi immunodeficiencies bokuphila ezivela izigaba ezithile ukuthuthukiswa umzimba:

• immunodeficiency osanda kuzalwa - ngenxa ukwedlulela khona amasosha omzimba komama egazini ukukhiqiza bebodwa;
• immunodeficiency ukhulelwe - kukhona ngokumelene ngemuva kwama-hormone esinomhlapho umsebenzi umphelelisi;
• senile immunodeficiency - ngenxa umfutho engezansi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana zokuzivikela, ukwehla umsebenzi phagocytic ka-neutrophil nama-macrophage, umsebenzi serum amagciwane.

Ukubuyisela izivikeli mzimba isebenzisa izimiso ukulungiswa ekuthuthukiseni kokushiyeka sokugembula:

1. Ababeqondisa imvelo mzimba - umnkantsha transplantation, isibindi, thymus, nokuphathwa immunoglobulin, ayisiza hemosorbtion, immunoadsorption.
2. Ukwethulwa amahomoni neurotransmitters - interferon, i-interleukin, i-hormone i-thymus izici.
3. Imithi.

Imigomo belungiselela ukuhlaziywa

izifundo kwamakhemikhali kudinga ukuthatha ekuseni igazi emithambo yegazi (ukuzila ukudla kuze 12:00). Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi iqoqo izincwadi ezidingekayo ukuba bangayeki utshwala, ugwayi, nomkhawulo umzimba. Ekuseni ungakwazi uphuze amanzi kuphela ngaphambi kokuya lab.

Ngosuku blood donation akuthathi yimuphi umuthi. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, umbiko kule factor, abasebenzi laboratory, ukuze kokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela kwakungelona iphutha. izifundo kwamakhemikhali kwenziwe ngaphambi noma iyiphi izindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha.

Emihle nemibi indlela

Immunological ukuhlaziya igazi, emagama wenziwa udokotela-immunologist noma kwezempilo onguchwepheshe, has izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• kungenzeka ukuthola imiphumela olunembile;
• definition lesi sifo kusaqalwa yentuthuko;
• enifeza yokulungiswa ukwelashwa emva ekutholeni ukuhlanganisa zokuzivikela mzimba;
• ukusiza nge nobunzima ukuxilongwa.

Ububi kuyinqubo eside, uma kunesidingo kokuhlaziywa zokuxilonga ophelele njengoba izici mzimba ezidinga ukuguqulwa ambalwa, inani elikhulu.

isiphetho

Immunogram kuyinto ukuhlaziywa othembekile nonembile. nokuqaliswa kwalo kudinga odokotela laboratory onekhono kakhulu. Kulungiswa ngeke sithole isimo umzimba ozivikela, ukuqinisekisa noma zingamanga uphethwe, ukukhetha nokwelapha okusebenzayo lwemithi futhi ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo i imvelo ezithathelwanayo.