Izinga Fed. Yini izinga Fed ukwandisa?

Federal Reserve -United States bophezela yimuphi Bank of America zakha ethile yemali izinqolobane. Badinga ukuba afeze imisebenzi namakhasimende. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma, uma iningi amakhasimende ngesikhathi esisodwa isifiso ukuhoxisa yonke imali yabo. Kulokhu, lo izikhungo yasebhange ezezimali kungase kunganeli, bese, cishe, kuyofika omunye crisis yasebhange. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu Fed ubeka imingcele ethile ukuze inani imithombo edingekayo, esithinta usayizi izinga Fed sika.

Kuyini izinga isaphulelo System Federal Reserve

Nsuku zonke, amabhange abe lenqwaba ukuthengiselana, futhi ngayinye kuwo uzama ukwandisa umthamo wabo ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo likhishiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi amakhasimende ukuza ngaphandle kwesixwayiso futhi ukuhoxisa ngemali eningi onayo, ukuze ezingeni reserves edingekayo kanye encishisiwe isikhungo sezezimali iyeke athobele imiyalelo Federal Reserve. Ngakho esikhathini esizayo kuzokwenza ebhange eziningi izinkinga.

Izinga lenzalo yemali mboleko Federal Reserve - izinga lapho Central Bank of America inikeza ukubolekisa US amabhange. Ngalezi ayeyiboleke izikhungo zezimali ukwandisa ezingeni izinqolobane ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo Fed.

Ezimweni eziningi, amabhange njengokukwethembisa kwakhe, utsheleke nomunye, kodwa uma amabhange akudingeki ithuba lokusiza "Uzakwethu" yakhe, lona wamuva libhekisela Fed. Lokhu loan ngaphansi komthetho kuyadingeka ukubuyela ngosuku olulandelayo. I Fed has a sengqondo esingaqondile loans ezinjalo. Uma futhi abe njalo, lo Fed unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa qinisa izimfuneko izinqolobane wokweshumi.

Kuyini inani lenzalo

Isidingo ke is lo it isisekelo ukubala nezinye izilinganiso esimweni. Kanye nalezi ukubolekisa the Fed - a ukubolekisa ezingeyona ingozi, ngoba ekhishwe kuphela obubodwa futhi yasebhange kuphela izikhungo nge esihle Umlando wokukhokha kwemali.

Uma sicabangela izimakethe stock, ukwanda amanani - kuyinto ukwenyuka kwamanani inhlokodolobha inhlangano. Okungukuthi, izinkampani zabo ukwabelana adayiswa ku exchange stock, kuyinto iphuzu ezimbi. Kwesinye isibopho - izinga ukwanda kuholela yehlisa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali.

Forex emakethe kancane izinga nzima lapha Fed kuthinta amazinga okuvela ezinhlangothini eziningana. Ngokuqinisekile, kukhona Yebo ngaye kukhona konke ukuthenga nge zezimali. Kodwa lokhu kumane nje kuyingxenye encane wesifunda. notshwala lwezezimali zomhlaba ukuthi banesibopho eziningi zomhlaba aphethwe ukuthengiselana emakethe lwemali kukhona ukunyakaza dolobha, okuyinto zibangelwa isifiso zimali ukuthola ukubuya enkulu ku utshalomali. Ikhumbula isimo zonke izinhlobo ezimakethe, kuhlanganise izimakethe zezindlu kanye noguqukozimali idatha, kunoma yisiphi isimo Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso isaphulelo has kokubili omuhle futhi nomthelela ongemuhle nenzuzo.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, lo Fed kukhuphuke izinga Juni 29, 2006. Ukuze 2007-2008. Federal Reserve eyehlisiwe wakhe kancane kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba kodwa akazange angene eduze sibalo encane kunazo zonke 0-0.25% ebusika 2008

Ukukhulisa Fed

Imuphi umphumela lesi senzo kubhekwe ngezansi. izinkomba Labor emakethe kwamabhizinisi amancane eMelika namuhla aphakeme, futhi izinga lokungasebenzi unqabile ngengxenye uma kuqhathaniswa ne 2009. I Fed ukholelwa ukuthi yokutakula wezabasebenzi unakho ugqugquzela wenzuzo ukwandisa, bengangesabi mina, kanjalo usekela umnotho yembuso.

Ngo 2007-2009. e-US kwaba nenkinga e emakethe yezindlu kanye komkhakha wamabhange. Khona-ke Fed ongazibamba emnothweni wesifundazwe bewagcina ngaba nokucindezeleka.

Ingabe namuhla emnothweni US uye banda Fed zenzalo? Abahlaziyi lapha baye bazwakalisa ezizathwini ezahlukene. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi Fed wakwazi ngokushelela ukugcina isimo somnotho isimo ingaziki. Bese kuthi-ke Fed ukukhuliswa ngokulinganisa ngamaphesenti 0.25 iphuzu ngeke kube nomthelela othize emnothweni US. Abanye bathi kubhekisela value ephansi kakhulu kwamandla emali, bethi ngokwenza kanjalo ama-Fed kungaletha phansi zezimali zomhlaba kanye ukudala izimo ukwandisa dollar uma Fed sukela ku isinqumo.

Federal Reserve Usihlalo wathi ukwanda Kuhlelwe amazinga ukuze abe bushelelezi. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha bakholelwa ukuthi izinga lokukhula kuyoba engaphansi ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi iseshini yokugcina, okuyinto wethulwa 2004. sibalo sokugcina rate isaphulelo ngeke idlule 3%.

Ingabe zonke isilungele ushintsho? Ezinye izinkampane baye basebenzisa isikhathi nezinga eliphansi yokubhalisa imali ngokusebenzisa imakethe isibopho. Futhi manje bathi cha bheka phi isizathu sokukhathazeka e ngesilinganiso esincane ukukhula, sizitshele ukuthi umuntu emakethe uyakwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izici zawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inani elikhulu izinhlangano, ukugcina kuphela ngenxa ongaphakeme zenzalo, ngeke bakwazi ukumelana ukukhula kwabo, kanjalo bayoba nezinkinga ngemuva ukwanda izindleko loan.

Ukunaka zimali, iningi izazi zikholwa ukuthi Fed izokwazisa kubo ngalokho akuhlosile, abahwebi cishe kakade kunakwe amasu sokwanda okwakuseza. Kodwa ingxenye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi simo esishubile zokulungiswa ezinkulu Umgomo wezimali isazoqhubeka, kulokho babengamaphesenti zero iminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Ngezansi sibheke indlela Fed sika lesaphulelo kungase sinomthelela ezimakethe zomhlaba.

Lesaphulelo kanye nomthelela wakhona emnothweni of England

zezomnotho eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni Bank of England ngemuva US yasebhange central uzoya izinga ukushaywa. Umlando ayisabhekwa njengoba US nase-UK zenzalo kuyalungiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Namuhla, i-komnotho Albion sika uzinzile, isidingo zabasebenzi kuphezulu. Inhloko Bank of England wagcizelela ukuthi mhlawumbe ukukhula kuyoba abushelelezi.

Lesaphulelo kanye nomthelela wakhona Russia

Central Bank ngeke ukwazi ukugwema imiphumela emibi ye-eqinisa US lwemali nokusukuma zenzalo. Leli qiniso kuzobanga izinkinga nge Kusachutjekwa reserves ngamazwe kwehle kuze $ 365 billion inani okweqa $ 500 billion.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi Yiqiniso, ukukhula amanani ngeke zibulale umnotho zombuso wethu. Kodwa leli thonya akuyona kuqine kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimakethe abasafufusa. Ngenxa unswinyo Russian akuzona kakhulu ngokuya kwezomnotho ngakho ehlangene-United States.

Lesaphulelo kanye nomthelela wakhona Europe

Kukhula zenzalo kungathikameza kabi isimo somnotho amazwe e-EU, lokhu kungadala ukukhuphuka kwezinga variability kanye Ukungaqiniseki emakethe.

Inhloko -European Central Bank nezinye osopolitiki bakholelwa ukuthi igagasi isidlulile simo esishubile okusanda kuba khona ezimakethe global lizoba nomthelela namandla omubi nokuvulwa umnotho European.

Lesaphulelo kanye nomthelela wakhona China

Ekuphenduleni umbuzo ngalokho okwakuzokwenzeka uma Fed ukukhulisa amanani, iziphathimandla Chinese kholwa they uphathe ukugwema kunomthelela oqonde ngqo emnothweni wesifundazwe kusukela tilinganiso, kanye nomthelela kuyoba encane.

Izinga Federal Reserve etinhlotjeni letibanti elilinganiselwe ithonya emnothweni China. Nomthelela omubi emnothweni isimo ufikelwa yangaphakathi, isibonelo, ukwehla kwezinga ukuncintisana nokuthengiswa kanye ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele.

Lesaphulelo kanye nomthelela wakhona Japan

Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali nayo itholakala cishe at zero. Ngakho-ke, uma Fed uyenqaba kokuqina inqubomgomo, ngokushesha noma kamuva, usazoba umehluko okukhulu phakathi US futhi amazinga Japanese.

In amazwi abanye ochwepheshe, ukwanda Fed amazinga uyokwenza ifa lwemali US ikhange nakakhulu. Kodwa kanye lokhu buthakathaka lwemali Japanese ngeke nomthelela isabelo inzuzo salabo abangenisa futhi sandise ingxenye inzuzo ka abathuthi ezinkulu.

Ngasiphi esiteji emakethe manje

Ingqikithi uthathe leso sinyathelo, njengoba ukwanda inani lenzalo Federal Reserve, ukuthola emhlabeni ukuvela emakethe "Bubbles" ezibangwa Inqubomgomo okuxekethile kakhulu yemali le Fed wajaha isikhathi eside.

Ukuze ukuhlola isimo samanje kungcono ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya zokuhlola. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwabiwa komnotho izigaba iphuzu subjective kakhulu. Mhlawumbe 2016 kuyoba phakathi umjikelezo kwezomnotho.

Nokho, ochwepheshe ungalindeli yimuphi ukunyakaza kungazelelwe phezu ingxenye Fed. Kodwa kukhona ingozi e-kunalokho sekwephuzile noma kakhulu ukubambezela ukuhamba uthathe leso sinyathelo, njengoba amanani Fed ukhulisa, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ekwandiseni e wenzuzo ekwandiseni ngaphezulu ukhiye zenzalo le Fed, okuyinto nomthelela omubi kakhulu emakethe yamasheya.

Isiphetho ku-agumenti ukuthi ukuvusa Fed ngesilinganiso ngeke yini kuholele, kungenziwa zavela ngale ndlela: ukuze isimemezelo Fed ukukhulisa zenzalo kungcono ukuqeda amasheya ezinkampanini American. Uma amazinga ukuqala ukwenyuka, ungakwazi ukulinda ukulungiswa emakethe futhi kabusha ukuthenga izimpahla US.