Igazi kakhulu: Izimbangela

Ukuwohloka ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya, abaningi abawazi. Iqiniso lokuthi yonke izicubu zomzimba zidinga amandla ukuphila okuvamile. Lokhu kusho isamba elanele amaseli i-oksijini ezidingekayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene ijwabu ingqondo nenhliziyo. Ukungabi oxygen amaseli ebonwe igazi. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo. Ezinye zibangelwa ukukhubazeka azalwa naso, kanti abanye ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yokwephula ahlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, umbandela eyisisekelo kubo bonke igazi ukungabi elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Ngu ukubonakaliswa yalesi sifo kuthiwa wenziwa pallor, izinguquko imingcele laboratory kanye imizimba hypoxia.

Kuyini anaemia?

Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi - isifo kohlelo hematopoietic, ngenxa yokuntuleka elithwala umoya-mpilo. Ngokuvamile, kufanele amaprotheni zigcinwe ngaso ezingeni elithile (120-140 g / l kwabesifazane, izinga besilisa - 140-160). Ukushoda e-hemoglobin singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani kwaba kwegazi, kuholela esimweni hypoxia. Ngempela, i-hemoglobin iyadingeka ukuze ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kwayo kuholela yokuthi ukuthi amaseli untula e O _2. Ukuze ngamunye zilwane igazi libhekene emitholampilo isithombe futhi laboratory idatha yayo. Kodwa-hemoglobin enganele egazini sibizwa njalo kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini. Ngokuvamile, isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi okusolakala khona izimpawu ezifana isikhumba pallor nokukhathala. Lesi sifo kuvamile impela phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukwehla okuncane-hemoglobin ezimweni eziningi asivumi esiyingozi futhi kalula ukulungiswa ngokusebenzisa ukudla nemithi. igazi kakhulu kungaholela nokwephula. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunikeza oluphuthumayo ukuze alale naye.

Ubucayi igazi

3 Ukwabela kobukhulu igazi. Ahluke isethulo emitholampilo ehlukile ezingeni elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi of kobukhulu omnene. kule ushiya okuqukethwe elithwala umoya-mpilo ka 120-90 g / L. I zokugula libhekene iziyaluyalu encane hemodynamic. Kwezinye izimo, lokho akusho ukuzibonakalisa. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona paleness, kunciphisa umfutho wegazi, kwenhliziyo, isiyezi.
2. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi kobukhulu ngokulinganisela. Kulesi sigaba, inani elithwala umoya-mpilo ilingana 90-70 g / l. Izimpawu ziyefana evelele. Kwangathi ukuzwa yokufikelwa, ukukhohlwa futhi ukucabanga, ukozela.
3. Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi kobukhulu ezinzima siyenzeka ezingeni-hemoglobin ngezansi 70 g / l. Kuyingozi isimo umzimba. It kuholela ekuwohlokeni zonke izinhlelo nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa yokuntuleka evelele oxygen.

Izinhlobonhlobo igazi kakhulu: ngezigaba

igazi kakhulu angagcina ku isizinda yinoma uluphi uhlobo lesi sifo. kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane senziwa ngokuzimele imbangela egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Umbandela main sivezwe elithwala umoya-mpilo nokuntuleka - esingaphansi 70 g / l. Nokho, ukuhlukanisa omunye komunye uhlobo anaemia kubaluleke kakhulu. Phela, lokhu kukhetha ukwelashwa incike. Ukwahlukanisa izifo ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana-hemoglobin kubangelwa yensimbi ukuntula (ida). Le ndlela lesi sifo kwenzeka njalo uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye. Sibangelwa malabsorption lensimbi noma edonsa eliphansi lesi sici nge ukudla.
2. Esikhathini _12-ayindlala igazi kakhulu. Sibangelwa nokuntuleka vitamin. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abaphethwe kolwelwesi ezingamahlalakhona.
3. anaemia Aplastic inzima. It libhekisela pathologies isegazini.
4. anaemia Hemolytic. Lokhu zokugula kubhekwa isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Kungaba noma azalwa naso noma bathenga.
5. Sinzima Fanconi igazi. Lesi sifo libhekisela ukukhubazeka azalwa naso kohlelo hematopoietic.

igazi kakhulu: Ubangela Pathology

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unokuhlangenwe futhi ezihlukahlukene, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ungalokothi livela ngokwalo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukuze uqale ukwelashwa zokugula, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini kwabangela kugula. Okuvame kakhulu yensimbi ukuntula anaemia kuyinto okunzima. Kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

1. engayitholi ezinganele imikhiqizo ebalulekile. Lokhu kusho ukudla okunothe. Imikhiqizo equkethe lesi sici - lokhu inyama, isibindi, emhlophe, ama-aphula, njll ...
2. Malabsorption yensimbi emathunjini. Kutfutfukisa ngenxa yokuhluleka ngenxa enzyme noma izifo of ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.
3. Imihlobo ehlukeneko ukopha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba abuthele umlando izifo zabesifazane (ubude esikhathini esindayo), ukuthola ukuthi hemorrhoids ukuphi. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zifo ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa ezingamahlalakhona igazi kakhulu. Acute ukopha kungenzeka uma inkinga ka peptic isilonda isifo, isifo sokusha kwesibindi, ukhulela ethunjini, apoplexy wesibeletho kanye simila ukudabuka.
4. Zalimaza.

I-anemiya _12-ayindlala kwenzeka uma izifo esiswini (ezingamahlalakhona kolwelwesi atrophic), isitho resection umdlavuza pathologies perforated isilonda.

Okunye izimbangela-hemoglobin ukuntula - ngokubhujiswa azalwa naso futhi sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba obomvu ihlumela igazi, hemolysis (Ukubhujiswa) kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Mshini yentuthuko igazi kakhulu

Kungani baba nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu? Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu uma isiguli akusho ukuqaphela izinguquko ezenzekayo ngesikhathi ukuntula engavezwanga ngamazwi ka-hemoglobin. Isikhathi esining impela into enjalo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ezingamahlalakhona ukopha. Njengoba umzimba womuntu Ufika wasebenzisa le 'hypoxia "njalo, ke incephezeliswa izindlela eziningi ukuchumisa (bandisa inkonzo inhliziyo). Ida eba ngenxa yensimbi ukuntula. Ngenxa yalokho we ngqamuzana akhiwa lemali edingekayo. Lapho _{uku-12-ayindlala} anaemia amavithamini kungukuthi ugxile pheshana emathunjini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yisihlungu noma awe isitho resection. igazi kakhulu kuvamile amafomu azalwa naso lesi sifo. Batfutfukisa ngenxa yokungavuthwa nge hematopoiesis. A semali izicubu adipose itholakala umnkantsha.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe igazi kakhulu

Lapho ukuwa-hemoglobin ezingeni ngezansi 70 g / l kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini degree okunzima isifo. Kulokhu, izindlela compensatory zingekho indawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo esiyitholayo zonke izinhlelo sokusebenza. Ngenxa zimpawu ezilandelayo ukuthuthukisa:

1. pallor Sinzima.
2. ukwazi kahle. Ngo igazi kakhulu bangezwa ukozela, niphele amandla.
3. bebek blood pressure.
4. Palpitations.
5. Isiyezi.
6. ubuthakathaka okwedlulele. Kuleli zinga, abantu abakwazi ukuvuka embhedeni, lapho ephakamisa ikhanda kukhona isiyezi, kungenzeka ekuqulekeni.
7. Ukuphelelwa ngumoya.

Uma isikhathi kungasizi, kungase kukhinyabeze ukusebenza kwezitho ezibalulekile kanye nezinhlelo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sivame ukuba ukwehluleka oyingozi so-renal, ukushaqeka cardiogenic.

Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi ekukhulelweni: izici

Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi libhekisela izimpawu okuvame akhononde kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu emzimbeni kamama, umoya-mpilo owengeziwe kuyadingeka futhi ingane. Ngenxa ukubukeka i eyengeziwe kwegazi (placenta) sivame ukuba ukwehla elithwala umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye evamile yokukhulelwa - 110 g / l. Nge iconsi elibukhali-hemoglobin ezingeni kudingekile ukunikeza usizo oluphuthumayo. igazi kakhulu ekukhulelweni kuyingozi hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa lwebele kodwa futhi ingane. Ngokuvamile sibangelwa ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana abruption esinomhlapho noma ukuphuphuma nokuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, uma opha ipheshana zangasese kufanele ngokushesha okubiza udokotela.

izimpawu Yokucwaninga igazi

Ukuze lokwenza ukuxilongwa, "anaemia", kwanele ukuba uhlole ukuhlolwa igazi. isifo esinzima kakhulu waphawula ezingeni-hemoglobin ngezansi 70 g / l. izimpawu Clinical zihlanganisa pallor, enciphile blood pressure, tachycardia, isiyezi, nokuquleka. Ngokuvamile ephelezelwa igazi kakhulu, ukopha. Ukuhlonza imbangela ukwehla-hemoglobin ezingeni, kubalulekile ukuba ubambe uchungechunge ukuhlolwa laboratory. Ukuze sitholakele yensimbi ukuntula anaemia ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona izinguquko ezifana ekwehliseni lizinga yensimbi serum futhi TIBC ukwanda. Ukuze sitholakele nezinye izinhlobo anaemia kudingeka zihlolisisa ezincane legazi cerebrospinal fluid. Kuze kube yimanje, i-wokubhoboza lumbar.

Yini izifo ukuhlukanisa igazi kakhulu?

Kwezinye izimo, anemiya sifo ebonwe izifo kohlelo hematopoietic futhi isibindi. -hemoglobin Kwehliswe esihambisana cishe yonke zokugula umdlavuza. Lokhu kuyigazi zomdlavuza kuyiqiniso ikakhulu - wegazi. Ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela anaemia kungaba ukushintsha nemingcele ku Kla. Lezi zihlanganisa: yehlise amazinga zegazi kanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ESR ukushesha. Futhi, kunomehluko esithombeni emitholampilo (ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva, evuvukele zamanzi). Anemiya syndrome ekhona isibindi sibe sesomile, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo ezingamahlalakhona. Ukuze sitholakele lezi pathologies wenziwa ultrasound besisu, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile laboratory.

igazi kakhulu: ukwelashwa isifo

Kungakhathaliseki izimbangela anaemia abadinga okunzima ampontshelwe igazi, ngalé igcwele zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwelapha lingaze. Endabeni ka ukwephulwa of electrolyte ibhalansi iqondiswa nosawoti amalungiselelo equkethe potassium. Uma imbangela anaemia kwaba ukopha, kubalulekile ukuba ubambe esiphuthumayo kokungenela kuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa wenziwa. Ngenhloso hemostatic iqondiswa etamzilat sodium, aminocaproic acid. Lapho anaemia aplastic badinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha. Uma imbangela ukuntuleka vitamin B _12, aphethwe umngane wokuphila replacement therapy.

Imiphumela igazi kakhulu

Kufanele kube kunaka izingozi ezibangelwa igazi kakhulu. Imiphumela yalokhu isimo - kuba ukushaqeka cardiogenic, ukwehluleka oyingozi so-renal, kanye ukuphazamiseka nezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Lezi zinkinga kungaholela ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ukopha ezincane kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela.