Gustave Le Bon: Biography

Gustave Le Bon, ogama izincwadi namanje nesithakazelo esikhulu abezenhlalakahle, zezenhlalo, izazi-mlando, nabanye., Ingabe kubhekwa umsunguli Psychology nomphakathi. Lokho wakwazi ukuchaza kakhulu ngokunembile ukuziphatha isixuku kanye nezizathu okubangela uquqaba balalele ngaphandle kwezizathu ukuze bomashiqela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi imisebenzi wayebhale ekhulwini XIX, XX leminyaka wazizwa umthelela amadlingozi imiphumela yakhe nocwaningo. Esicini esibaluleke kunazo zonke lapho ayesebenzela uGustave Le Bon - kwengqondo.

kumiswa

Gustave Le Bon wazalwa ngo Nogent-le-Rotrou, France, emkhayeni zasebukhosini. Naphezu isihloko ephezulu ukuzwakala, Lebon umndeni Ayephila ukuphila okuphansi kakhulu ngaphandle okunethezeka.

Ngemva kokuphothula lolimi esikoleni, Gustav langena University of Paris Faculty of Medicine. Ngaphezu kwalokho imfundo yakhe kwakubangelwa ukunyakaza njalo phakathi European, Asian nezikhungo Afrika. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe e-University of Le Bon waqala ukushicilela ama-athikili yakhe, engewona okwamukelekayo abafundi futhi ukuvusa isithakazelo emibuthanweni ngokwesayensi.

Umnikelo ekuthuthukiseni imithi

zokwelapha Lebon ayengazange, nakuba negalelo layo ekuthuthukiseni imithi lwaziswa kakhulu, kodwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezincwadi ngokwesayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemiphumela yomsebenzi wakhe ucwaningo-yalolucwaningo 60 yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, wabhala i-athikili mayelana izifo ezenzeka kubantu, abahlala ezindaweni eziswakeme.

Okuthandayo kanye nemizamo yokuqala ukuqonda izisusa zokuziphatha zabantu etimeni letehlukene

Ngaphezu imithi Lebon ngenjabulo wafunda anthropology, imivubukulo kanye kwabantu. Ukuze uthole esebenza njengoba udokotela wezempi ngaphambili. Inhloso kwakuwukuba inikeze ithuba lokubheka ukufunda indlela abantu baziphathe izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Esikhathini 1870s zokuqala, likubona liye labavusa isithakazelo kwengqondo, okuyinto kunqunywa yesikhathi esizayo umsebenzi wayo.

imisebenzi emikhulu

The main theme, elisesifundeni imisebenzi aphethwe uGustave Le Bon - ifilosofi isixuku, izici zayo nezisusa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu Gustava Lebona kwaba incwadi "Psychology lezizwe kanye abavamile." Ukuhlala phambili futhi ukuqapha inani elikhulu kubantu inikezwe ngesisekelo kudingekile iziphetho futhi emakhasini lolu hlobo wakwazi ukukhuluma kanjani ukucacisa izisusa ukuziphatha komuntu, futhi ngesisekelo lezi idatha, wazama ukuchaza izimbangela eziningi zezenzakalo ezingokomlando. Esikhathini esizayo, kwalotshwa futhi "isixuku Psychology", ophumelele akukho ukuqashelwa kancane, bese - ". Psychology of ndawonye"

Lithonya inkambo yomlando

Kukho konke kuqhutshwa lezi zifundo, Ekuthathweni osobala Amakhasi yezincwadi zakhe isiphelo sesimiso zokulutheka Lebon babengazi nokuthi umsebenzi wakhe ngeke yakha isisekelo ukwakheka ubuholi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma amaNazi. Nokho, ngokudabukisayo, uhlobo emabhukwinitifundvo for u-Adolf Hitler Benito uMussolini kwaba "isixuku Psychology". Gustave Le Bon, ngokuqinisekile besingalindele ukuthi zizoba nethonya enjalo ephawulekayo inkambo yomlando. Abaningi iziphetho zakhe kubo kwaqinisekiswa ngokunembile kakhulu, kusukela bomashiqela ngenhla kakhulu ukufeza izinhloso zalo.

imizwelo engokwemvelo equlekile esixuku ephethwe

Njengoba empeleni uyise kwengqondo kwezenhlalo, Lebon lokuqala Uzame ukuchaza ukuqala kwenkathi khona lokufihlekile kwebantfu, ncamashi lapho uquqaba ibaluleke ngokukhethekile. Wacabanga ukuthi ukuba isixuku kuholela yokuthi umuntu kuye kwanciphisa bokusungula ikhono, umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nekhono lokuhlaziya okubhaliwe lesi simo. Kunalokho, thatha izinso of imizwelo engokwemvelo equlekile, okuyinto abangela ngezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi bakudala ukugudluka amakhulu wabantu.

Le Bon wayekholelwa ukuthi abantu okungenani ukulawuleka lamazwe lapho bagxila yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze Métis. umbusi onamandla kakhulu, kungenjalo ukugwema izibhelu neziyaluyalu isidingo States ezinjalo.

iziphetho abathandwayo abantu okwafinyelelwa kubo kanti indlela wagxilisa izinkolo mass. Ngokusho Le Bon, lapho ingenisa noma inkolo, abantu anilamukelanga njengezwi labantu, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, futhi unamathisele kuphela okholweni lwakhe ubudala, okungukuthi, eqinisweni, ukushintsha isihloko kanye nokuqukethwe, ukujwayeza emisha kuya nezinkolo zendabuko. Ngakho, izinkolo "phansi" ku uquqaba, iye yashintshwa abaningi inqubo lithathelwe phakathi kwabantwana isizwe.

Gustave Le Bon: isixuku futhi umholi

Le ndoda, ngubani phakathi nabanye abaningi abafana naye, kunjengokungathi lehla ngokugibela isitebhisi sokuphumelela ukuthuthukiswa, kalula alahle izimiso zayo, iziphetho uyobaxosha ngokuvamile lapho esixukwini. He is othambekele uthuli, umsebenzi ngokweqile, okuyinto kubonakala ezifweni ukuba ababusi ubudlova, futhi ukubonakaliswa i intshiseko ezinkulu bafinyelele imigomo yabo. Ngokuvamile, umuntu othile esixukwini iya counter izithakazelo zabo nezinkolelo.

Ngo ukusebenza isixuku ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele izithombe elula futhi ecacile ukuthi musa baphathe akukho umbhedo. Ngaphandle kokuba bakwazi isipele abanye engavamile, eqinisweni elimangalisayo, isibonelo, ukuthi omunye ngokuyisimangaliso noma ukukhishwa lokukwazi.

Ngokusho Le Bon ithiyori, abaholi akuvamile ubheke isibalo sabantu ukucabanga, zibonisa. Ngokuvamile, bavame ukwenza kakhudlwana kunamanye. Kakhulu akuvamile bebona yenkinga ukujula, ngoba buthakathaka intando umholi, kuholela ibekelwe ukuzindela. ngokuvamile Umholi ongenakulinganisela futhi izwele, cishe ngendlela yokusangana. Umbono wakhe, zokubekisa kungaba engenangqondo, uyahlanya, kodwa kunzima ukuyeka endleleni eya ekufinyeleleni umgomo. zengqondo ezingakhi ke uphefumulela, sokuhlushwa abanolwazi - izinto ezisinika ukwaneliseka kweqiniso umholi weqiniso. Ukholo lwabo imiqondo yabo siqu, ukubuka onjalo zigxilile ingenakunyakaziswa ukuthi amandla ngazo kuthinte izingqondo zabanye, kwandisa ngokuphindwe ngekhulu. Izinkumbi zabantu abathanda ukulalela ngumuntu ophethe ukulondoloza amandla kanye nokufisa. Abantu abazithola isixuku, iningi lazo akudingeki, ngakho ngokungazi akhangwa umuntu onamandla futhi ezimisele.

Abaholi, ngokuvumelana theory Lebon, categorical futhi sizimisele ngokubonakaliswa kwamandla. Nge lesi sinqumo, kanye intransigence esibanzi, abayiphethe ukwenza ngisho abantu recalcitrant kakhulu nedlubulundayo afeze intando yabo, ngisho noma kuphambene izithakazelo umuntu kweqiniso. Abaholi abenza izinguquko uhlelo olukhona wezasekhaya, ukuphoqa iningi ukwamukela izinqumo zabo futhi ubalalele.

Kusukela ubani kwaba isixuku, avame ukuba bazithobe. ukubonakaliswa wakhe alien kwamandla, yena ayinamandla, ngakho-ke ngokuphelele uhambisa umholi juqu, ezithokozisayo siyibonakalise yokulalela.

Imfundo nolwazi kuyaqabukela igcinwe ijubane ne izimfanelo umholi, kodwa uma bekhona, kungenzeka ziletha amashwa kumnikazi. Njengoba indoda ekhaliphile nakanjani iba ethambile, ngoba uyakwazi ukubheka ujule isimo, ukuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene abantu okhonzile futhi engaqondile angayekethisi ekubambeleleni kwakhe, nyakazisa igunya lakhe. Yingakho iningi abaholi ngaso sonke isikhathi wayecabanga uGustave Le Bon, kwaba nabantu ezimfushane kakhulu, eqinisweni, ngaphandle encipha owayengowenhlabathi, aba maningi kwaba ithonya lakhe isixuku.

Yileso iphuzu Ngenxa uGustave Le Bon. Kuyinto lezi imibono kwakheka isisekelo amabhuku amabili ayisisekelo, okuyinto baye baba izincwadi ukuze bomashiqela ngesihluku kakhulu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Yiqiniso, usosayensi babengazi nokuthi imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani abayithandayo enjalo nabalandeli.

Gustave Le Bon, ushone eneminyaka engu-90 ngo-1931 emzini wakhe asemaphethelweni eParis.