Imali yezamabhizinisi i ... Umqondo kanye nokucaciswa kwemali yenkampani

Ukuthola inani eliphezulu lemali ngumgomo oyinhloko kwanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi unakho nokuthi ungasetshenziswa kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqhuba inqubomgomo yezimali ezwakalayo . Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kudingekile ukwazi isisekelo semfundiso yendlela enjalo.

Iyini imali?

Leli yigama lesistimu yezobudlelwane bezimali, okuveza ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa kwezimali zokwethenjwa ngesikhathi sokusakaza kwabo. Amafemu ezemali anesimo esibalulekile esimisweni sezomnotho sezwe, ngoba ezingeni lawo kukhona ukwakhiwa kwezimali, okuzosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Bahlukaniswe babe ngabakho futhi banesikweletu (bakhangwa). Eyokuqala ikhona endaweni engenamthetho yebhizinisi futhi ingasetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi injongo. Owesibini kuzodingeka abuyiselwe ngesikhathi, akhokhe inzalo. Ngakho yiziphi izici zemali yenkampani? Lo akuwona umbuzo olula, ngakho impendulo kuyo izohlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana.

Yiziphi izimali zamabhizinisi?

Lokhu yingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sezomnotho kazwelonke. Zihlanganisa:

1. Amanani.
2. Ukuxhasa ngezimali.
3. Uhlelo lwentela.
4. Izinga lokushayela imali.
5. Amakhredithi.
6. Umsebenzi wezomnotho wangaphandle.
7. Ilayisensi.
8. Imiphumela.

Umthelela omubi kunayo yonke imali ezimabhizinisi ezentengiselwano inikezwa yizici ezifana nalezi:

1. Inqubomgomo yezimali yokukhishwa kwemali engaphenduliwe, engacabangi ivolumu yocingo lempahla kanye nezithakazelo zangempela zebhizinisi.
2. Ukukhululeka kwamanani ngaphandle kokudingekayo ngaphambi kwalesi sikhungo.
3. Inqubomgomo yebhajethi engalungile .
4. Nciphisa umsebenzi wokutshala izimali.
5. Amathrendi emakethe yamasheya kanye nenkambiso kanye nenqubomgomo yebhange.
6. Inkinga yokukhokha.
7. Inqubomgomo yokungenisa / yokungenisa okungalungile.

Izimiso zezimali zebhizinisi

Ukuze inhlangano yabo kubalulekile ukunamathela kulezi zilandelayo:

1. Gcina isithakazelo emiphumeleni yokugcina yomsebenzi.
2. Dala izimali zezimali.
3. Isibopho.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezezimali kube ngokwakho nokwesikweletu.
5. Ukugcwaliseka kwezibophezelo ezibekwe kwisabelomali.
6. Ukulawulwa kwezimali kwemisebenzi nokusetshenziswa kwezimali.
7. Ukuzimela.
8. Ukuzixhasa ngokwezimali.

Izimiso zezimali zebhizinisi zisekelwe ezithakazelweni zomabhizinisi wangasese kanye nombuso. Uma behlukana nabo, ukukhishwa kwempembelelo kunikezwa, okuzovumela uhlelo ukuthi lubuyele esimweni sawo sokuqala.

Ubuhlobo bemali engenayo

I-finance yebhizinisi yinto eyomnotho eqhubekayo. Isiqondiso ngasinye sokusebenzisa imali kumele sibe nomthombo wezimali. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlobo obunjalo buhlukile:

1. Ngabathengi.
2. Ngabasebenzi be-firm noma ibhizinisi.
3. Ngezinhlangano zebhange.
4. Ngombuso.
5. Ngezakhiwo zokuphatha ezisebenzayo.
6. Ngokuhlanganyela kwamanye amabhizinisi (njengokusabalalisa izinzuzo ezitholakala emisebenzini ehlangene).
7. Sebenza ngemali yokwethemba enesabelo esisepulazini.

Izindlela zemali

Iqukethe izinto ezinhlanu ezihlobene:

1. Izindlela zezezimali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindlela zokuthinta izinqubo zezomnotho uma usebenzisa imali ngokusebenzisa ukudalwa kwemali yokwethemba. Ukwakhiwa kwezimali zebhizinisi kuyinjongo enkulu yokusebenzisa lezi zindlela. Ukuzikhethela kwabo kubangelwa ukuthi banquma isisekelo lapho konke okwakhiwe khona.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezezimali. Lezi yizinyathelo ezihloswe ekufinyeleleni umgomo oyifunayo.
3. Ukusekelwa kwezomthetho. Kufaka phakathi imithethonqubo, imiyalo, izenzo zomthetho kanye namanye amaphepha afanayo.
4. Ukuhlinzekwa okuvamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iziyalezo, amanani entengo, izincazelo, iziqondiso kanye nedatha efanayo.
5. Ukusekela ulwazi. Lokhu kubandakanya idatha yezomnotho, yezebhizinisi, yezezimali kanye neminye eyinzuzo kuleso simo ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, njengoba izinto zingenza ulwazi mayelana ne-solvency, ukuzinza kwezezimali, amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali nokunye.

Njengoba ungabona, izimali zamabhizinisi ziyi-sphere ethize, lapho kufanele wenze ngokubheka izinto eziningana. Futhi bangaba nesisekelo sokwazisa, kanye nomthetho. Uma ukhetha indlela engafanele yokusebenzisana, usomabhizinisi cishe uzobhujiswa.

Imisebenzi

Zikuvumela ukuba uzwisise okuqukethwe okwamanje kule ndawo yebhizinisi. Imisebenzi emithathu ihlukaniswa:

1. Ukusakaza (ukuvuselela). Lokhu kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ibhizinisi lithatha ukuthi iziphi izimali ezizothola ukuthi zizophi. Ngosizo lwaso, izimali zenziwa ukuze zifeze zonke izibopho inhlangano enabasebenzi, isabelomali, ama-counterparties nababolekisi. Uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela enengqondo, khona-ke ikhwalithi yomsebenzi ivuselelwe, kungashiwo ngemali yezinkampani zokuhweba nezinhlangano zombuso.
2. Lawula. Iqukethe ukuqapha isimo sezimali senhlangano nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komsebenzi wayo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukulawula inzuzo yebhizinisi. Lo msebenzi uqaliswa ngezindlela ezimbili:
   1. Ukulandelela izinkomba eziya ekubikweni kokusebenza, ukubalwa kwezimali kanye nokubalwa kwezibalo.
   2. Ethonywe yimithelela yezimali (intela, izinsizakalo, izinzuzo).
   3. Ukukhonza (ukukhiqiza). Lo msebenzi unesibopho sokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe (isibonelo: ukuthenga izinto ezintsha, ukuqasha abasebenzi abasha ngokubuyisela labo abahlala emsebenzini, njalonjalo).

Isakhiwo

Imithombo yezezimali ngemvelaphi yawo ingahle ibekwe ngokomzimba ibe izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Zakhiwa ngezindlela zabo siqu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inzuzo etholakala emsebenzini oyinhloko, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, imali engenayo ekhethekile, iminikelo ehlukahlukene, njalo njalo.
2. Bahlanganiswa emakethe yezimali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimali ezitholakala ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla zokubambisa, inzalo kanye nemiklomelo, izikweletu, imali etholakalayo evela emisebenzini ngezimali zangaphandle.
3. Imukelwe ngemuva kokubuyiswa kabusha. Lezi yimbuyiselo yomshuwalense, izinsiza zemali (ezivela kwezinye izakhiwo zezomnotho), izinsiza (ezakhiwe ngesisekelo seyunithi) kanye nezibonelelo zezimali zesabelomali.

Ukubusa

Ukwakhiwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezimali akunakwenzeka, uma kungekho uhlelo oluhlela futhi luxhumanise konke. Ukuphathwa kusho ukufezekiswa kwezinhloso zamasu kanye / noma zamasu mayelana nokusebenza kwebhizinisi ngokwalo. Izici zokuhlelwa kwezimali zebhizinisi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yezezimali, kanye nokwenza kahle kwazo.
2. Ukubekwa kwezimali.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimali zenkampani kanye nokuqondiswa kwemali yokuhamba kwemali ehamba phezu kwayo.
4. Ukuphatha inqubo yokusebenza kwezimali.
5. Inhlangano kanye nokuphathwa kobudlelwane namanye amabhizinisi, izinkampani zomshuwalense, amabhajethi, amabhange kanye nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo sezimali.

Isiphetho

Njengoba ungabona, izimali zamabhizinisi ziyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yanoma iyiphi inhlangano yezohwebo. Kudingeka bakwazi ukuphatha nokusebenzisa imiqondo. Noma imuphi umphathi kufanele aqaphele ukuthi izimali zamabhizinisi ziyisiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwakhe, futhi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi asebenze ngombono wokubheka okuhle nokusebenza kahle.