I-Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Tovstonogova: repertoire, umlando

Ithempeli elidumile laseSt. Petersburg, elalingenye yeyokuqala, eyasungulwa emva kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba. Eminyakeni ehlukene, abaqondisi abadumile nabalingisi bakhonze futhi bakhonza khona. I-BDT ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo zeshashalazi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.

Umlando weTheatre

I-Bolshoi Drama Theatre. U-Tovstonogov wavulwa ngoFebhuwari 15, 1919. Ngenxa yokungabi khona kwesakhiwo saso, le nhlangano yahlinzeka nge-Conservatory. Igumbi alizange lishiswe, kwakubanda kakhulu, kodwa njalo ebusuku kwakunamakhanda.

Umqondo wokuhlela inkundla yezemidlalo iwuMord Gorky. Wayesekelwa uMnuz Andreeva , i-commissar yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye nama-circuses. Futhi kubasunguli ngumculi u-A. Benois.

Umkhandlu wezobuciko, owawunqotshwa uMnu Gorky, wanquma ukumema abaqondisi A. Lavrentyev noN. Arbatov kulezi zikhalazo. Udokotela uN. Monakhov wamiswa eqenjini futhi wahlanganyela ekukhetheni kwabaculi. Abaqondisi bomculo bezemidlalo kwakungu A. Gauk no Yu. Shaporin. Le nkomba yayiqoqiwe kubaculi abavelele ababehola abadlali bezinye izinkundla zemidlalo, futhi phakathi kwazo kwakungu Yu. Yuriev - inkanyezi ye-movie encane.

Isakhiwo siqu se-BDT samukelwa ngo-1920 futhi kuze kube yilolu suku asishintshi indawo yaso.

Ngaphambi Tovstonogov

Kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1919 usihlalo wemihlangano yobuciko yendawo yaseshashalazini ngu-A. Blok. I-Bolshoi Drama Theatre. I-Tovstonogov eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila yabonisa imisebenzi ehambisana nenhloso yabadali bayo, ababefuna ukubona isimiso sokuguquguquka - lo mlando wawuyi-heroic kanye nenhlalo yomphakathi. Esikhathini esiteji kwakukhona imikhiqizo emisebenzini kaF. F. Schiller, uVugo Hugo, W. Shakespeare, ngoba umdlalo weSoviet awukakhuliswa. Ngezindlela eziningi ubuso benkundla yaseshashalazini bekunqunywa abaculi bakhe. Phakathi kwabo kwakunguBos Kustodiev odumile . Njengoba kusho umdlali we-actress uN. Lezhen, owayedlala enkundleni yesikhungo ngaleso sikhathi, lezo zasesiteji azizange zisetshenziswe esiteji, izinto zazingokoqobo: ifenisha yahlawulwa ezindlini ezicebile. Ngisho nezingubo zaziyiqiniso. Ngomnyaka we-1925 umdlalo othi "Intando yenkosikazi" yahlelwa. Indima kaVavrubova yadlala uN. Lezhen futhi edlala, wayegqoke ingubo eyayiyi-heroine, eyayikhona ngempela. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwakunamathele emculweni, ne-theater yabambisene no-B. Asafiev, Yu Shaporin, I. I-Vyshnegradsky.

Kusukela ngo-1921 kuya ku-1923, le midlalo yaseshashalazini yabona ushintsho olukhulu. Labo ababemi emithonjeni yayo: M. Gorky noMnuz Andreeva - basuka eRussia. A. Block wafa. Abanye abalingisi babuyela emabhayisikobho, lapho bakhonza ngaphambi kokumema ku-BDT. Umqondisi oyinhloko u-A. Lavrentiev washiya isikhundla sakhe ngo-1921, kodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva wabuyela futhi kwaze kwafika ngo-1929 kulokhu okuthunyelwe. Ishiya umculi wezemidlalo wase-A. Benois. Endaweni yabo kwafika abanye abantu abalethile okuthile okusha, banwetshisa kabusha imidlalweni ngemidlalo yokudlala yasekhaya nasezizweni zangaphandle ngaleso sikhathi.

Kusukela ngo-1929 kuya ku-1935 umqondisi omkhulu nguK. Tverskoy - umfundi we-V. Meyerhold. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inani lemikhiqizo emisha yemisebenzi yesigaba sehlile. Futhi yonke inkathi yobuholi beK. Tversky imidlalo emibili emidlalweni yama-classic yayisiteji. Okuthandwayo kwakunikezwa imisebenzi yabalobi besikhathi esizayo: Yu Olesha, N. Pogodin, A. Fiko, L. Slavin.

Ngo-1932 le ndawo yaseshashalazini yanikezwa igama lomunye wabasunguli bayo, yaziwa ngokuthi "igama likaGorky". Khona-ke lo mlando wawuhlanganisa ezinye zomsebenzi womlobi.

Indawo yaseshashalazini eminyakeni 1935-1955

Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho iBolshoi Drama Theatre. U-Tovstonogov wayenenkinga yokudala. Le nkathi yahlala iminyaka engu-20 - kusukela ngo-1935 kuya ku-1955. Lesi sikhathi singabizwa ngokuthi yi-crisis crisis, njengoba abaqondisi abanamakhono babonakala futhi bazibiza ngokwenza okuthakazelisayo, kodwa abazange bahlale isikhathi eside futhi bashiya indawo yokudlala (hhayi njalo ngenkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela). U-K. Tversky ngo-1935 wagxothwa emzini, futhi wadutshulwa maduzane. A. Wild wakhonza enkundleni yemidlalo kuphela ngonyaka, wabe eseboshwa. Bonke abaqondisi ababengemva kwakhe babambezeleka ngokulinganisa kweminyaka engu-1-2. Ngenxa yenguquko ejwayelekile yabaholi, isimo seqembu sasihlambalaza, izinga lemikhiqizo lahlehla, i-BDT yalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwayo, ababukeli bezinye izikhathi babebancane kunabalingisi esiteji, isimo sezimali sasibucayi, futhi kusongelwa ukuvalwa.

Esikhathini seTovstonogov

Ngo-1956 uG.Tovstonogov wamenyiwe emaphoyiseni omqondisi omkhulu we-BDT, futhi wanikwa amandla amakhulu. Uqale inkonzo yakhe eposini ngokuthi waxosha abadlali abaningi. Umholi omusha uzame ukuheha umbukeli, ngenxa yalesi sizathu umculi uvele ku-repertoire. Kakade ekuqaleni kuka-1957 i-Bolshoi Drama Theatre ebizwa ngokuthi. U-Tovstonogov wabuyela emuva odumile, futhi ukuqala kwaqala ukusebenza emahholo aphelele. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6 yomsebenzi uG. Tovstonogov wathola inkazimulo yophikisana nefilimu enekhono. Indawo yaseshashalazini yayikuvakashela emazweni amaningi emhlabeni futhi yathola ukuthandwa kwamanye amazwe. UGeorgy Alexandrovich wakhonza njengomqondisi omkhulu we-BDT iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

Ukuphela kwekhulu lama-20 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21

Ngemuva kokufa kukaG. Tovstonogov, wabe esenqotshwa nguK. Lavrov, owayengeyena umqondisi, ngakho-ke le midlalo yayiseshashalazini njalo abaqondisi. ULavrov wabutha umsebenzi owawusebenza njalo. Kodwa-ke, wayevame ukumema abaqondisi abavela kwamanye amahholo ukuze basebenzisane. Ngo-1992, i-BDT inegama layo lanamuhla. Ngo-2004, i-Bolshoi Drama Theatre ebizwa ngokuthi u-Tovstonogov waba umqondisi omkhulu, waba nguT. Chkheidze, owagcina lokhu kuze kufike ngo-2013.

Indawo yaseshashalazini namuhla

Ngo-Mashi 2013 A. Moguchy waba umqondisi wezobuciko we-BDT . Kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2014 isakhiwo semidlalo yaseshashalazini e-Fontanka savalwa ngokubuyiselwa. Ngo-September 26, i-Grand Drama Theatre yavezwa. Tovstonogov. Isithombe ngezansi isithombe somklamo we-BDT.

Indawo yaseshashalazini inezindawo ezintathu: esakhiweni sokufakwa kwePolankaanka kukhona amahholo amabili, kanti eyodwa ku-Theater Kamennoostrovsky.

Abadlali abadumile bezemidlalo kanye nomlando wayo

Eminyakeni ehlukene, abadlali abanjengoT. Doronin, V. Strzhelchik, P. Luspekaev, O. Basilashvili, I. Smoktunovsky, A. Freindlikh, N. Usatova nabanye baqhakazile futhi baqhubeka bekhazimulisa futhi baqhubeka bekhazimulisa iBolshoi Drama Theatre. Tovstonogov.

I-repertoire yakhe ibanzi kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa imidlalo yama-classic neyasimanje.

Ungafika kanjani lapho

Ngaphakathi nendawo yedolobha, ku-Embankment yasePolanka, endlini engu-65 kukhona iBolshoi Drama Theatre. Tovstonogov. Ikheli lesigaba sakhe sesibili yisiteshi sesitimela esithi "Krestovsky Ostrov", isikwele se-Old Theatre, indlu 13.