Ukubhujiswa kwamabhizinisi angokomthetho. Izigaba, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nemiphumela ye-bankruptcy jur. Ubuso

Izinkinga eziphathelene nokungabikho kwamabhizinisi nezinhlangano zisebenza kakhulu, kunikezwe izimo zamanje. Ukungahlali kahle komnotho, inkinga yezezimali, ukukhokhiswa kwentela kanye nezinye izimo ezingalungile kwenza isimo esinzima lapho kunzima khona kubanikazi bebhizinisi abancane nabasemakhaya hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukisa kodwa nokuthi baqhubeke behamba. Ukuqhafaza i-jur. Abantu kanye nezinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuhamba kwalesi senzo - isihloko salesi sihloko.

Umqondo we

Inhlangano esemthethweni ibhekwa njengenhlawulo kuphela ngesinqumo senkantolo yokubambisana. Futhi lokhu kulandelwa inqubo ende futhi echitha isikhathi. Ukuqhafaza i-jur. Abantu kuyisethi yenqubo emva kwalokho ukungakwazi kwezinhlangano ukwanelisa izidingo zabathengi futhi benze imisebenzi yokukhokha okuyisisekelo kuqinisekisiwe. Ukuze ufake isicelo neziphathimandla ezifanele, umboleki kufanele ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Isibonelo, ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo, isikweletu somhlangano akufanele sibuyiselwe ezinyangeni ezintathu zokugcina.

Inqubo yokubhidliza ingaqaliswa ngokuzimela yinhlangano ngokwayo. Futhi kwezinye izimo, ngokusho kobuciko 9 we-Federal Law -127, isikhulu esimele izithakazelo zebhizinisi kufanele siqalise le nqubo.

Okudingekayo

Yiziphi izici eziholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-bankruptcy jur. Abantu baba yindlela kuphela yokuphuma esimo esinzima? Namuhla, inani lamabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezibhubhisayo zikhula ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuhambisana nalo, ukungakhokhelwa kwesabelomali kanye nezikweleti ezikweletini kwezinye izinhlangano nakho kwanda. Kulesi simo, ukuhlukumeza emkhakheni wezenzo zentengiselwano kwaba njalo. Ngokuvamile, inqubo ye-bankruptcy jur. Umuntu uqhutshwa ngesinyathelo seziphathimandla zentela. Isimo esifanayo siqala ngoba ababolekisi abamemezeli ukungabikho, futhi ababolekisi abanalo ithuba lokuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuxazululwa kwalezi zinhlangano.

Izimpawu

Inqubo ye-bankruptcy jur. Umuntu ulawulwa yi-Federal Law. Ku-Art. I-65 ye-Civil Code yaseRussian Federation inqume ukuthi inhlangano ingamenyezelwa kuphela uma ingekho ibhizinisi lombuso, isikhungo, inhlangano yenkolo noma iqembu lezombusazwe. Izibonakaliso zokungabikho kokufa. Umuntu ukuhluleka kwenkampani ukwenza izinkokhelo ezibophezelekile nokwanelisa izidingo zabathengi.

Uma umboleki ehlose ukufaka isicelo enkantolo ngokuzimela, kufanele ahlangabezane nemigomo ethile. Okuyinhloko kukhona inani elithile lesikweletu. Kuphela ngaphandle kokuqaliswa kwezinkokhelo eziphoqelekile ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe sesikhathi, izinqubo ziqala, umphumela wokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-jur. Abantu. Inani lesikweletu kwababolekisi kumele ngesikhathi esifanayo kube okungenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngokungangabazeki, lesi sibopho siqinisekiswa enkantolo yokubambisana.

Inqubo iqala kanjani?

Umthetho wokuqothulwa komthetho . Abantu - idokhumenti bonke abathintekayo kulolu hlelo kumele bajwayelane ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Esikhathini sokulawula, izibuyekezo zivuselelwa njalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva, ehlanganisa zonke izinguquko nezengezo.

Ukungeniswa kwe-insolvency (ukuchithwa) kwezomthetho. Abantu bangumphumela wenkambinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, enesikhathi eside enama-nuances amaningi. Umuntu ongenayo imfundo yezomthetho kanye nesipiliyoni kule ndawo, kunzima ukuhamba kuzo zonke izigaba futhi uqoqe ngokuzimela iphakethe eliphelele lamaxwebhu. Abanikazi abaningi bezinhlangano ezimweni ezinjalo baphendukela ochwepheshe abasebenzela, noma kunjalo, ababiza kakhulu.

Ukuze ube nomqondo wokuthi umyalelo we-bankruptcy ubonakala kanjani. Umuntu, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izigaba zayo eziyinhloko.

Ifomu lesicelo

Ungayifaka kanjani i-bankruptcy jur. Ubuso? Isigaba sokuqala kule nqubo ukulungiswa kwesicelo. Ungaliswa enkantolo yilowo obolekisayo ngokwakhe, kanye nomkweleta. Cabanga ngesimo lapho umnikazi webhizinisi, ezwa sengathi ungenakunyakaziswa yenkampani yakhe, uqobo lwakhe usebenza njengomqali wale nqubo.

Ukuzibophezela ngokuzithandela. Abantu kuyinkqubo lapho umuntu omelela izintshisekelo zenhlangano ethumela isicelo enkantolo yokubambisana ngokuzimela. Le dokhumenti kufanele isayinwe ngumsunguli, onelungelo lokukwenza ngaphansi komthetho. Ezimweni eziningi, zingumnikazi wenhlangano.

Ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka kwesikhashana, isitatimende kufanele sinikezwe ochwepheshe. Kulokhu, lo mbhalo uzokwenziwa ngendlela efanele, ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izinkambiso. Inqubo ngeke ithathe isikhathi esiningi, okungesiyo kuphela umnikazi webhizinisi, kodwa nabathengi bayo banesithakazelo kuyo.

Isicelo sokuqedwa kwe-jur. Umuntu kufanele abe nefomu elungisiwe futhi abe ne-data elandelayo:

• Igama lenkantolo yokubambisana;
• Inani lemali ekhokhwa ngababolekisi ngokuhambisana nezibopho zezimali zomboleki;
• Isikweletu sonke:
• Ulwazi ngesisekelo sokungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo;
• Ukwaziswa kumadokhumenti adingekayo ukukhanselwa kwezikweletu kuzo zonke ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi elisemthethweni;
• Ulwazi oluvela kwezinye izikhungo zokuboleka (uma zikhona);
• Kubonisa umholo womlawuli wokubambisana.

Ngokuqondene nomqondisi wokubambisana, umholo wakhe uthinta izintshisekelo zabo bonke abahlanganyeli enkambisweni. Le mali ikhokhelwe kwipropati yomthengi, ngokusho komthetho jikelele. Ngakho-ke, umvuzo owengeziwe, imali engaphansi kokuthathayo ukuze ukwanelise izimangalo zemali-mboleko. Futhi futhi ngokukhokha kubo bonke abahlanganyeli benhlangano.

Ukuqaphela

Isigaba sokuqala sokuqedwa siphelela izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi "inkinga" kwenziwa, umhlangano wokuqala wababolekisi ubanjwe futhi irejista yenhlangano engekho emthethweni iyakhiwe.

Ukungeniswa kwe-insolvency (ukuchithwa) kwezomthetho. Abantu bayabonakala ngesisekelo solwazi olunikezwa ochwepheshe ngemuva kokuqapha ukusebenza kwebhizinisi ezinyathelweni ezihlukahlukene zenqubo. Esikhathini sokuqala, inhlangano ayigodli imisebenzi yayo. Abasebenzi bayaqhubeka nokufeza imisebenzi yabo. Kodwa kukhona ukulinganiselwa okuthile emsebenzini wezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Ungenzi okulandelayo:

• Hlela kabusha ibhizinisi;
• Dala inhlangano esemthethweni;
• Yakha amagatsha namahhovisi amele.

Umuntu ogunyaziwe, olawula imisebenzi yomboleki ngalesi sigaba, ubizwa ngokuthi umphathi wesikhashana. Lochwepheshe uhlanganisa umbiko ngesimo sezimali ebhizinisini futhi uyithumele enkantolo yokubambisana.

Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi inqubo yokuqothula isetshenziswa kaningi njengendlela yokubalekela izibopho zayo. Isenzo asikho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba ukuchithwa kwamabomu ku-Criminal and Administrative codes kuhlinzeka ngemfanelo.

Isigaba esibalulekile kule nqubo yokuqapha ngumhlangano wokuqala wabathengi. Ikhetha inkambo eqhubekayo yenqubo futhi ibheke ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphetha isivumelwano esinokuthula.

Ukuqhafaza i-jur. Abantu - lena inqubo ende, leyo, ngaphandle kokuqondisa, iqukethe ukuphathwa kwangaphandle, ukubuyiswa kwezimali kanye nokuqhutshwa komthetho. Izinqubo ezimbili zokuqala ziyingxenye yesithathu. Bagxile ekubuyiseleni i-solvency yenhlangano, kanti ukuqhutshwa komthetho kuholela ekuqothulweni kwebhizinisi.

Ukuthola imali

Phakathi nale nqubo, inkantolo ivumela uhlelo lokukhokha isikweletu. Yenzelwe isikhathi seminyaka emibili. Kodwa uma isimo singashintshi ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi izidingo zingakaneliseki, umhlangano wabathengi udonsela isikhalazo nenkantolo yokubambisana.

Ukwaziswa mayelana nokuqedwa kwezimali. Abantu bahlolwa futhi baqinisekiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwezezimali, ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kuyinqaba, kusukela esigabeni esilandelayo kule nqubo kungaba kokubili ukuphathwa kwangaphandle nokukhiqiza ukuncintisana.

Ukuphathwa kwangaphandle

Umsebenzi wenhlangano kulesi sigaba uhluke kakhulu emsebenzini webhizinisi esiteshini sangaphambilini senqubo yokuqothula. UMqondisi Jikelele kanye nezinye izikhungo zokuphatha zixoshwa emsebenzini wabo futhi imisebenzi yabo yenziwa ngumphathi wangaphandle. Umzuzu omuhle kule nkathi wukuthi ukuhlelwa komthetho kusungulwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo bonke ababolekisi. Izikweletu ezavela ngaphambi kokufika komphathi wangaphandle azikhokhwa, futhi lokhu kwenza ibhizinisi libuyise inhlalakahle yezezimali.

Zonke izigaba zokuqedwa kwezimali. Abantu banezici zabo siqu kanye nama-nuances. Ngamunye wabo uhlose ukufeza noma yimiphi imigomo. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuphathwa kwangaphandle, kuhlelwa uhlelo, olwenza izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuqeda ukungabi khona kwezimali. Lokhu kungafezwa ngezenzo ezahlukene.

Ukubuyisela ukungeniswa kwekampani ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuvala izimboni ezingenzi inzuzo;
• Ukuthengiswa kwempahla yomboleki;
• Ukuphinda uprofethe imisebenzi yebhizinisi.

Igama lokuphathwa kwangaphandle izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Kwezinye izimo, ngesinqumo senkantolo, le nkathi ingahlala isikhathi eside.

Ukukhiqizwa komncintiswano

Lesi sigaba yisigaba sokugcina. Uma ukuziphatha kwezinqubo ezingenhla akuzange kuveze imiphumela, futhi izikweletu kwababolekisi azizange zibuyiselwe, ukuqhutshelwa kwezimali okuqashiwe kuyasungulwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umshini usuvele ucatshangelwa ukuthi ulahlekile.

Inhloso yale nqubo ukukhipha inhlangano kanye nokudayiswa kwempahla yayo. Umphathiswa we-bankruptcy uqondisa inqubo ngalesi sigaba. Inkulumo yale nqubo inyanga eziyisithupha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-trustee we-bankruptcy uyisisombululo esicacile futhi kuhlolwe yonke impahla yenhlangano elahlekile.

Uchwepheshe uphinde aqoqe lo mbiko. Kubonisa ukuncintisana, okungukuthi, impahla yomboleki ngokugcwele. Ngesisekelo salombiko nangemva kokwanelisa izidingo (ngokusemandleni akho, ngokusekelwe esimweni sezimali sebhizinisi elichithekile), inkantolo yenza isinqumo sokuqeda izinyathelo zokuqothula - isigaba sokugcina sokuqedwa. Khona-ke ikhomishana yokuqeda ukuthutha ithumela ulwazi olutholiwe emibuthweni yombuso, lapho iqiniso lokumiswa kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni lihleliwe. Ukungena kufakwe kurejista yombuso obumbene.

Umthetho wokuqothulwa komthetho. Abantu bayabizwa ukuba bathuthukise isimo sezimali ebhizinisini. Inhloso yalo akukona ukukhipha inhlangano. Ukukhiqiza ukuncintisana kuyinto, njengoba umthetho, isilinganiso esiphezulu. Ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu ngale nqubo akusikho njalo kuholela kwimiphumela enganelisa abanokweleta.

Umthetho wanikezela izimo eziningana zokuthuthukiswa kokuqhutshwa komthetho. Ngcono kakhulu, kungaba "ukuvuselelwa kwezezimali". Okubi nakakhulu, icala lokugebengu lomsunguli. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, le nqubo inegalelo ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yenhlangano. Ngemuva kwenqubo eyinde futhi enzima yokulwa nenhlekelele, umbolekisi uyakwazi ukukhokhela ababolekisi bakhe futhi agcwalise zonke izibopho. Kodwa uma i-Solvency ingabuyiselwa, umthetho uhlangothini lwababolekisi, labo abathi izimangalo bazokwaneliswa ngokukhipha inhlangano. Uma kungenjalo ngokugcwele, ke okungenani ngengxenye. Inqubo, yebo, inganciphisa isiphetho somnikazi nomqondisi wenkampani. Abanikazi benhlangano abanemisebenzi yabo esesimweni esinzima, umthetho unikeza ithuba lokukhipha ukukhokha okugcwele kwemali emva kokuhamba kwezimali. Abantu.

Imiphumela

Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwazo zonke izinqubo, imibhalo yenhlangano idluliselwa ku-archive. Umboleki uphela ukuba khona, futhi kanye naye, izikweletu zakhe ziphela. Ngokuvamile, ukuchithwa kwe-Jurassic iyithuluzi lokusindisa lebhizinisi. Abantu abanomalimboleko. Imiphumela yenkambiso enjalo ayikho njalo inomphumela omuhle wesikhathi esizayo se-CEO. Nakuba ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva kokudlula kuzo zonke izinqubo, akalahlekelwa lutho futhi ngisho nenkantolo ayikwazi ukumphoqa ukuba atshale izimali ezengeziwe, nokho kukhona okuhlukile kule mithetho.

Iziphathimandla zokuphoqelela umthetho zingasungula isixhumanisi se-causal phakathi kokungabonakali kwenhlangano kanye nezenzo zomsunguli, okuzobonisa ukulahleka okukhohlisayo noma ngamabomu. Kulesi simo, ukulahlekelwa yizisulu, okungukuthi ababolekisi, kuzodingeka zibuyiselwe kumenzi wobugebengu ngenxa yempahla yabo. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenxa yesigwebo senkantolo. UMqondisi-Jikelele uhlangabezana nempahla yakhe kuphela ngokusungulwa kweqiniso elibonisa ikhomishini yobugebengu bomnotho.

Inkokhelo yobugebengu

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukukhohlakala okungamanga noma okungahambi ngamabomu kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki kakhulu. Ama-ejensi okuphoqelela umthetho angaqala uphenyo lobugebengu ekomitheni lobugebengu obunjalo ngenxa yesicelo sombolekisi, umbonisi, ikhomishinari yokulahlekelwa phansi, umqondisi wangaphandle noma omunye umuntu onentshisekelo.

Ukunciphisa kwamalungelo

Iqiniso lokuthi inhlangano yamemezelwa ukuthi ayikhokisiwe, ayikwazi ukuphazamisa abasunguli bayo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Banelungelo lokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezamabhizinisi, ukudala amabhizinisi amasha namafemu, futhi basebenzise amaphrojekthi amaningi ezohwebo.

Kodwa izinyathelo eziqinile zithathwa ngokuphathelene noMphathi Omkhulu noma i-akhawunti. Uma kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu lapho kukhishwa inkampani, icala lingase liqaliswe. Umphumela ungabanjelwa ilungelo lokuqhuba umsebenzi.