Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B igciwane - kuyini? Indlela esiphatha ngayo ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B?

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B igciwane - kuyini? Lesi sifo singumbulali viral anthroponotic, t. E. Kungaba parasitize pathogen kuphela abantu. Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B igciwane has a umsebenzi oqinile hepatotropic. Isifo sokusha futhi isibindi Oncology ngokuvamile kuphakamisa le lwegciwane ethile.

Ngokwezibalo, eRussia unyaka ngamunye izinkulungwane 50 kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo amacala ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B nabathwali ezingamahlalakhona -. Bangaphezu kuka-5 million. Ukwanda lesi sifo emhlabeni inkulu kakhulu - kukhona angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-350 abathwali igciwane, babo 250,000 bafa minyaka yonke bebulawa ezihlukahlukene pathologies isibindi.

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B igciwane: kwebalingisi

Lokhu ukwanda kwalesi sifo kungenxa ukuzinza Amazing pathogen ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali imiphumela engokomzimba. Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B igciwane olumelana ongaphakeme lokushisa imiphumela, ngisho okuphindaphindiwe ukuqanda incibilikiswa akusho ukumbulala. Abilayo futhi i-HBV (Ukuqoka izincwadi) akunamthelela.

I iconsi ezomile wegazi ekamelweni lokushisa, igciwane kugcinwa kuze kuphele inyanga noma ngaphezulu, lilondolozwe serum owomile 25, futhi simisiwe (at -20 degrees) - iminyaka engu-15.

Iwukudambisa (okunqanda) kungashiwo autoclaved imizuzu 30, noma inzalo hot air kuhhavini ihora at ibanga lokushisa 180.

Letinhlobo ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

Yeka indlela okuyingozi kuyinto ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B? Kuyini futhi kanjani ukuze sibonakalise isifo? Lokhu okulandelayo kuzonisiza uzame zombili lezi mibuzo zingaphendulwa ngokugcwele.

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B kungaba oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Acute emva kokutheleleka futhi ekupheleni kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni eba ngqo. Kungaba usuku amasonto ambalwa ukuze ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kulokhu, izimpawu ngokucacile kuphela kwesigamu amacala:

• ubuhlungu esiswini ngakwesokudla, e lwaleli costal;
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• ukwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba (imfiva);
• ikhanda;
• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• ubuhlungu bamalunga;
• yellowness kwesikhumba noma amehlo;
• umchamo onombala (umbala ubhiya);
• indle ezishintshe umbala.

Olunamandla (icteric) uhlobo Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B ngokuvamile-80% yokutakula ekupheleni nesineke.

Izingane futhi ngezinye izikhathi abadala kungaba ifomu asymptomatic of ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Kulesi Yiqiniso kabi isifo izimpawu kuyagcinwa. Kungase kube umkhuhlane okuncane kanye ukukhathala, ukuze lapho iziguli kaningi are oblivious. Kulokhu, ngokuvamile phambi ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B igciwane egazini kutholakala ngokuphelele ngengozi, isibonelo, ngaleso ngihlolwa esilandelayo. Inkambo enjalo omnene lesi sifo ngokuvamile kuba amahlala khona. Ukutheleleka nge igciwane enganeni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kusukela ogulayo umama kaningi kakhulu izophela ifomu ezingamahlalakhona.

Kwezinye izimo eba fulminant (umdlavuza) ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo - lena ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu, okungaholela sibe sesomile noma nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Wenzenjani ungenwe?

Transmission ye-hepatitis B singenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Umthombo ukutheleleka abantu abagulayo, noma - non-ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile - abezindaba. Wona othwala ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kusukela lesi sifo ababuzwa (akukho izimpawu), kodwa kukhona igciwane egazini lakhe.

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokungenwa yilesi sifo - ngegazi. Ngokwesibonelo, imijovo alahlwayo ngokusebenzisa izinaliti phakathi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa yabo yesibili, ngokusebenzisa kabi inzalo amathuluzi nail noma izinwele nokucwala. Ukuze ukutheleleka kuyinto esincane kakhulu igazi, lapho antigen kuyinto ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Ngisho umthamo ezincane elilingana 0,00004 ml, kungabangela ukutheleleka. Sishilo kakade ukuthi igciwane asishintshi neze, futhi ngisho ezomile igazi iconsi ekamelweni lokushisa ke inakekelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B idluliselwa ngokobulili. Kuqukethwe ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise labo isidoda.

Libuye Cishe, futhi ukutheleleka intrauterine umbungu (elivela kumama ogulayo). Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukuze sicacise ukuthi ukutheleleka perinatal, t. E. Ngaphambi ukuqala wezabaSebenzi, ungumengameli ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isifo ingane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, isb. E. Intrapartum. Ngemva ukubukeka imvuthu ku ukukhanya ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ibele.

Kwenzekani ngemva ukutheleleka?

Ngemva ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B igciwane egazini wayesekhona umuntu enempilo, isifinyelele egazini ka hepatocytes (amaseli kwesibindi). Bona kwenzeke ukufanisana (reproduction) igciwane, esithinta ezandayo amangqamuzana amasha, ne ezinye izingxenye DNA viral bafakwe DNA hepatocytes. Amasosha omzimba ayiboni amaseli Ushintshe futhi abone lokho kubo njengoba angaphandle. Buqala akhiqiza amasosha omzimba ukubhubhisa hepatocytes ukushintshwa. Ngakho, kwesibindi uyabhujiswa, okuholela i ukuvuvukala kanye ne-hepatitis.

ukuhlola

Ukuze sitholakele isifo kodwa evamile ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali ALT bilirubin, usebenzisa amatshe, zimisele iziqondiso ezithile ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B:

• HBsAg antigen;
• HBeAG antigen.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ethize zokuxilonga omzimba zale antigen futhi ethize amaprotheni HBcore, okwenzeka lapho acute ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B:

• anti-HBcore;
• anti-HBe.

Lezi antigen kanye namasosha omzimba ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene sifo ezitholakala okungu ezithile. Isifundo sabo esibanzi kusiza ukucacisa esiteji-HBV, okuvumela ukuba sibikezele Yiqiniso kwaleso sifo bese wakha lwemithi yokwelapha.

Yiziphi izici kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka?

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu ezivamile virus ukutheleleka kwenzeka abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 kuya ku-30. Ngubani ehlaselwe isifo ezifana ne-hepatitis B? Kuyini - sesivele waqonda, sizokwenza manje sixoxe ngokuthi buyini izici eziwumthelela ukutheleleka. Ngakho, abasengozini bahlanganisa:

• Iziguli ukuhlinza amazinyo;
• abantu abasebenzisa izinsizakalo manicure nokulungiswa kwezinwele nokucwala;
• amakhasimende Ukubhoboza futhi tattoo salon;
• abayimilutha;
• abantu abagulayo kabani yokwelapha ihilela ukumpontshelwa njalo igazi noma ukusetshenziswa hemodialysis (apharathasi "izinso yokufakelwa") ;
• ongqingili;
• abantu edamane ukushintsha abangaki azibandakanya nabo kwezocansi.

Kuyaphawuleka kuncishiswe ingozi sifo kusiza umgomo ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. It kungenziwa ehhovisi iyiphi imitholampilo ngokugoma.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B igciwane?

Ukwelashwa ihlose ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa isifo sokusha nomdlavuza wesibindi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha abacindezela igciwane ukufanisana kumaseli isibindi ukuzinza amazinga transaminase.

Isinqumo mayelana nendlela yokuphatha ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B igciwane kuthatha ezithathelwanayo izifo udokotela. Yokutakula - inqubo eside. Kukhethwa ukwelashwa kuxhomeke kulokho okwenzeka igciwane futhi ingozi yokuba isifo sokusha futhi isibindi umdlavuza.

Olunamandla-hepatitis viral ngokuvamile kuxazululwa kwayona, kuza babuyele ngokugcwele nesineke. Ukukhethwa kuyinto ifomu ezinzima fulminant ka-hepatitis B, kodwa ngenhlanhla kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Engamakhambi sibhekiswe i-acute-HBV excretion ubuthi (ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini) kanye Reconstitution ka hepatocytes.

Ukuze ekwelapheni ezingamahlalakhona-HBV antivirals asetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, nomuthi "Interferon alfa-2a" isetshenziswa isikhathi esingu-1 ngesonto unyaka owodwa (umthamo omdala 180 mg). Ama-nucleoside analogue kabanzi: "Entecavir", "Lamuvidin", "Adefovir". Le mithi anqande ukusakazeka kwezindaba igciwane kumaseli isibindi ukukhuthaza ekusimameni.

Ukuze ukwelashwa yesondlo usebenzisa gepatoprotektory futhi immunomodulators, isib, umuthi "Zadaxin" (umjovo).

Ekwelapheni ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B igciwane ngokuvamile inikezwa inamba Ukudla 5. Kuyinto ukwenqaba noma yimuphi ukudla okunamafutha, okubabayo, anosawoti okusemathinini. imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile futhi ayi futhi, kungcono ngaphandle kusukela ekudleni.

Uma kwesibindi kohlobo B ithatha Yiqiniso ezinzima, futhi kukhona ingozi engathi sína yokuba nesifo sibe sesomile noma isibindi umdlavuza, kungase kube banquma ukufakela isitho.

zokuvimbela

Kungenzeka yini ukuba ngandlela-thile ukuvikela umzimba kusuka amagciwane ezifana ne-hepatitis B igciwane? Kuyini, sithole. Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma mayelana nokuvimbela. It ihlukaniswe yaba ezithile futhi okungezona ethize. Eyokuqala ufezwa ngokugoma. Kusukela isifo avikelekile abantu ukugonywa kuphela ukuthola ukusuka ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kanye nokuvinjelwa non-ethize kuhilela izinyathelo global epidemiological ukuthi ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwe-hepatitis B igciwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa esiyisibopho igazi futhi amalungiselelo ayo i-HBV omaka, ukukhishwa kohlelo olubanzi anti-izidakamizwa, ekugcineni banal inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi. Manje, siphawula kuphela nokuvimbela Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo.

zokuvimbela eqondile ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

Ukugonywa ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B saziso:

• zonke izingane ezineminyaka engu-izinyanga 0-1-6 (lokugoma isimiso);
• wonke amalungu omkhaya iziguli kwesibindi kohlobo B okungamahlalakhona;
• odokotela;
• abafundela ubudokotela;
• abantu abasebenza nge imikhiqizo yegazi;
• iziguli ehlelekile ophoqelelwe kudlule hemodialysis;
• seziguli ezithola ngemikhiqizo yegazi.

umgomo ezinjalo zingenza noma imuphi umuntu omdala. Ngaphambili, kwakungadingeki kufakwe inani saziso. Ukuze zigonywe, ngokwanele ukusebenzisa emtholampilo we esifundeni sakhe. Zonke izingane kanye nabantu abadala kuze kube engu-55 ubudala bangathola umgomo mahhala. Abantu abadala zingagonywa ngezindleko zabo.

Inqubo iyatholakala kunoma yiluphi usuku lwakho olukhethile. Ngemva wokugoma wokuqala kuyodingeka wenze ezimbili. Omunye - ngenyanga, kwesibili - ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva. Ukugoma iyona indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuvikela ngokumelene hepatitis B igciwane.

zokuvimbela Non-eqondile ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

Ukuze zokuvimbela nonspecific ka-HBV zihlanganisa obuphelele inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu:

• ukusebenzisa isixubho ngeNdodana yakhe, nail amathuluzi, insingo, ikamu, njll .;
• ngisho izimpahla (okufanayo manicure isethi) kufanele ngezikhathi disinfected;
• zisebenzisa izibulali-magciwane ngempumelelo;
• izindlebe ahlatshwe, wenze tattoo futhi ukubhoboza eshintsha kuphela yahlolwa idumela elihle;
• ucansi oluphephile, yize 100% isiqinisekiso awusebenzi (ngamathe, umjuluko zonke uketshezi kukhona medium idatha igciwane), ngakho-ke akufanele baphathe ngokobulili;
• zisebenzisa imijovo alahlwayo kuphela uma ujova.

Sizoxoxa nawe yini ubungozi igciwane of ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Kuyini - manje kuyacaca. Njenganoma iyiphi enye isifo, kulula ukuvimbela kuka ukuthatha inkambo eside yokwelashwa. Ukuhambisana ne izinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela kuzosiza ukuvikela ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Yiba enempilo!