Namaqiniso in umdwebo. central umqondo

Igama elithi "okwangempela" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "evumelekile", "wangempela". Ngo ubuciko, lo mkhuba elibanzi, iqiniso ezibonisa ngokoqobo nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ethize.

Ngokomlando, incazelo obuphathekayo "okwangempela" kusho i-art nezincwadi, kwakhiwa okuyinto ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili. lalichumile futhi wonke-round ukuthuthukiswa kulendawo safinyelela ekhulwini le-19. Phakathi nale nkathi, ngokucacile kakhulu wazibonakalisa okwangempela ezibucayi in umdwebo. Direction yasungulwa ngokubambisana noma ulwa nezinye imisinga yobuciko kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Namaqiniso e yokudweba maphakathi nekhulu le-19 libhekene uhlelo ekhethekile ngobungcweti, okuyinto kwakuthiwa walungisiswa njengoba indlela aesthetically bayazi.

E-Fulansi, lokhu sekwandile art lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko igama Courbet. Le mfuneko eyinhloko okwangempela ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola isikhalazo ukuba ngokoqobo wesimanje ezihlukahlukene zako, uthathelwe i isayensi ngqo. Abameleli beNdikimba kusetshenziswa izindlela ezicacile futhi eqondile yamanje, kufakwe endaweni yawo kancane amasu romantic "engacacile esilula". Lokubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiqondiso ikusasa inguquko ubekade 1848, kwaqeda inkohliso abameleli nezazi French.

ERussia, okwangempela in umdwebo engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuthuthukiswa imibono kwezenhlalo yeningi. Lokhu wazibonakalisa cwaningo eduze nature, a uyavumelana kakhulu ngoba isiphetho kanye ukuphila kwabantu kuhlangene yokulahlwa isakhiwo isimo ekhona.

Yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kwaphawulwa kumiswa iqembu Wanderers. Phakathi kwabo Kramskoy, Perov, Shishkin, Repin, Savrasov, Surikov nabanye. Siyabonga kubo, lo okwangempela in umdwebo uye waqinisa isikhundla salo, ebonakaliswa zomlando uhlobo imidwebo, namathafa ekumeni.

isiko wamanje ikakhulukazi elisungulwe eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lokhu kubonakala umsebenzi Korovin, Serov, Ivanov nabanye. Ngemva inguquko, kuba ngesisekelo lezi amasiko basungula okwangempela sezenhlalo in umdwebo. Leli thuluzi zokudala kwaba bayazi kuveza yobuhle umqondo zomphakathi yomuntu wonke. Lo mqondo, esikhundleni salokho, kubangela ngenkathi umzabalazo ukwakheka kanye nokuqinisa umphakathi omusha.

Namaqiniso in umdwebo yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko isiqondiso kwezobuciko e-USSR. Umqondo lo mkhuba kwaba ukumisa ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba ukumelwa ezithembekile ngokoqobo sokugcwaliseka kwaso izinguquko.

Umqondo eqonde kakhulu ukuthi owasungulwa Gorky ngo-1934, ngesikhathi Writers 'Congress. Wathi okwangempela e imidwebo, izincwadi nezobuciko ngokuvamile yakhelwe ukuvuma ukuba njengoba senzo. Njengoba indlela yokudala, wayewazi inomthwalo Ngokuqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa amakhono awusizo kakhulu womuntu, sibonga ngalo kuba nokwenzeka ukuze lizuze amandla emvelo ngenxa impilo nokuphila kade isintu futhi injabulo enkulu emhlabeni. Ngakho, okwangempela in umdwebo kanye nezinye art Amathrendi we steel wuhlobo olusha ukwazi zokudala.