I yemali kabusha Witte - imfihlo yempumelelo of the Empire, Russian enkundleni yomhlaba

Ngokungangabazeki, S. Yu. Vitte wayengomunye impumelelo ezezimali izikhonzi emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian. A kabusha yemali Witte nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni wezohwebo ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa convergence yasebhange kanye capital zezimboni kanye nokuqedwa emali. Nokho, i-udumo okukhulu alethwe wezinguquko emisha yakhe yokuqala ephathelene nokumiswa esinakho ukudayiswa uphuzo oludakayo ngo-1894. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1894 futhi kuze kube ngawo-1902, leli kabusha Witte kukhuphuke isabelomali ngu izikhathi 16 emali engenayo.

Lapho uhulumeni waseRussia ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intela iphutha eshintsha hhayi kuphela usizo wazisingatha kanjani ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali, kodwa futhi nomthelela ekuncishisweni ukuphuza, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuqhuba sesibili yokushintsha, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho intela engaqondile ku kaphalafini, ugwayi, ushukela, nokufana zandile ukuba 1, izikhathi 5. kwekuhlela kabusha Witte ayengavunyelwe kungagcini "ukuphuza" kabusha, kantsi kuhlanganisiwe ukwethulwa efulethini intela, intela yokuhweba ku inzuzo amabhizinisi, kanye nokwanda iqoqo ezifakwa emabhange. Kodwa impumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali Witte ka Russia ubhekwa aphuma kunyatheliswa ephepheni-inflation yemali lokube igolide.

I kabusha yemali Witte Kusolwa kuqiniswa of uhlelo yemali yezwe ngokusebenzisa ukusungulwa kwesiGungu okulingana igolide ruble. Isidingo nesinyathelo esiqatha kanjalo kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ingozi eliphezulu kuwa lwemali isiRashiya, ngoba isikhulu exchange rate kuya franc French ayebhekwa njengengxenye 1 kuya kwele 4, futhi empeleni is hhayi ningi than 1 kuya ku-2.5. I kabusha yemali Witte zaphambukela eqinile ruble lwemali, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ngcono isimo sezulu utshalomali kuleli zwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukukhula engakaze ibonwe yezimboni nezomnotho zonke imikhakha yezomnotho eRussia.

Inflow of izimali zakwamanye amazwe kuze kuqala impi anda ngonyaka 150 mln. Ruble, kuyilapho i-pre-kabusha, wayengumuntu 100 mln kuphela. Deda. ngenxa nokuntengantenga wesistimu yemali yezwe. I kabusha yemali Witte babecabanga ukuthi ruble iqukethe 7,66656 amagremu legolide elihlanzekileyo kanye yasebhange amanothi ezazisemizini kwegazi endaweni isimo isiRashiya, ngokukhululekile umklomelo ensimbini eyigugu ku izinga wamemezela.

Ngobusuku obandulela kweMpi Yezwe I ruble igolide yaba enye yezindawo lwemali okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ngokukhululekile tradable kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lokhu Russia avunyelwe nje kuphela ukungena emakethe angaphandle nokuheha dolobha entsha, kodwa futhi aqinise ubuhlobo yezombangazwe lamazwe ahamba phambili yesikhathi. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni izinguquko umthetho ababebheka ngempela omubi, ngoba zibambene ngezandla befisa ekugcineni Witte nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isimo liye baziswa yizazimlando zezomnotho. Namuhla nale nkathi emlandweni Russian sifundwa ngokuningiliziwe ezifundweni eziningi, abalobi kokubili ezifuywayo angaphandle, futhi kabusha Witte kubhekwa isibonelo salokho emisha ewusizo ungaboniswa futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulahleka emphakathini.