Old imisakazo USSR, izithombe, imidwebo. Kuhle umsakazo we-USSR

Kuyinto nenkathi yamaSoviet kwaba esiqongweni ukuthandwa imisakazo ehlukene kanye gramophones. Kukhethwa wayemkhulu kakhulu, futhi onobuhle eziningi njalo ukushintshwa, ngcono. Yini umsakazo best of the USSR? Yiziphi izici iminyaka labo ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile? Zama ukuqonda.

Umlando omncane

Eyokuqala tube abamukelayo uvele eU.SSR ku-yalolucwaningo 30 XX leminyaka. Imodeli yokuqala ngqá kwaba "Qopha", okuyinto lakhiwa umsakazo ifektri Abaklami-Alexander ngo-1944. Emva kwalokhu waqala amamodeli ukukhiqizwa serial, eyathatha kuze 1951. I umamukeli wesibili has a 7-tube waba "Moskvich" Nokho, okuyinto, kwakungathandeki ngoba zibiza futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi izixazululo. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, sanikwa umsebenzi ukuthuthukisa umsakazo ukuthi kungaba abe mass. Ngakho, kakade 1949 futhi badedelwa inani ezingaphezu kuka 71.000 izingcezu, futhi ngonyaka - cishe 250.000.

Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa ukuhweba umamukeli kuza ngaphansi kwegama "Moskvich", futhi ngokushesha saba yintandokazi. Ngaphezu okungabizi amanani, wayevelele ngu ezinhle kagesi izakhiwo, uye wasebenza ibanga kanye nephakathi nendawo igagasi, Nokho, kwaba kuphela ozwe kuhle inkulumo.

onobuhle ephathekayo

I umamukeli wokuqala Soviet ephathekayo eyavela kamuva kakhulu - ngo-1961. Lo mcimbi kwakubangelwa, okokuqala, ne kokusungulwa Semiconductor transistors, esangenza hhayi kuphela ukunqinda amadivayisi, kodwa kungadambisa amandla ukusetshenziswa. Okwesibili, ezenhlalo ukuphila kwaqala nesandla esivulekile, uma labantu kukhona isidingo yembobo zomsakazo ezingeke akudingekanga irejista eposini futhi pay ngenyanga imali. Abasebenzisi abaningi babejabule kakhulu ophumayo onobuhle ephathekayo, ngoba kungathatha ukushaywa futhi kwenye indawo, ukuze ulalele izinhlelo zakho ozithandayo.

Eyokuqala Transistor ephathekayo umsakazo wabizwa ngokuthi "Festival" owawuse yokudumisa 1957 International Festival of Youth and Students eMoscow. Umhlangano kwalesi imodeli yayisekelwe transistors eziyisishiyagalolunye, kanjalo uthola iziteshi ukudluliswa, okuyinto usebenza wave ophansi. imodeli Amandla kwenziwa ngamandla ebhethri flashlight, okungase ukusebenza ngaphandle esikhundleni amahora amabili nanhlanu.

50-60s

Kukholakala ukuthi inkathi yokuchuma umsakazo tube eSoviet Union yawa ncamashi phezu 1950s. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwaqala ukukhiqizwa imishini izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto futhi angathengwa ngamanani akhokhelekayo. Futhi abakhiqizi ligcwaliswe ekuthuthukiseni lezifunda kanye namadivayisi amabhokisi. Namuhla, lokuqoqa imisakazo eSoviet Union - wokuzilibazisa okungukuthi yinhlonipho, ngoba onobuhle amaningi abhekwa njengokudla rarities, nje abakwazi ukuthenga.

Ngo-1960 kwaba universalized wesifunda-design futhi izixazululo imisakazo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunabamemezeli abangu-empeleni eshibhile nje mass inqubo ukukhiqizwa, ngakho bona abamukelayo sabukeka mayelana efanayo. umklamo Ungamandla nje wabheka sad, efana umsindo eziyinqaba, ngoba esikhundleni izinga yezwe kwanqunywa ukuba makudle eziphansi izimpahla. Mhlawumbe imisakazo best of the USSR - a "emkhosini", ivolumu kanye ububanzi okungase usethe ukude besebenzisa elawulwa kude. Cabanga bona abamukelayo ethandwa kakhulu kuleyo minyaka nezici zayo.

"Inkanyezi-54" (1954)

Lesi samukeli tube wakhululwa ngo laseKharkov futhi eMoscow, futhi lokhu kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile kulabo iminyaka. Explained ukubaluleka okuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi liphakathi amadivayisi okuyisicefe futhi okuyisidina nse nomunye kunokuthile okwakubaluleke iyintsha futhi iyintsha. Ukuvela kwalesi umsakazo ibilokhu ngempumelelo echazwe emaphephandabeni nakomagazini. Bona ligxilile yokuthi "I-Star-54" - entsha mkhuba kule lwasekhaya umsakazo, wenza kakhulu ezahlukene, njengoba abaphikisa Imported imikhiqizo, okuyinto Nokho, bambalwa abantu babone, umklamo kanye kunikeza ithemba ukukhanya entsha ekuphileni.

Eqinisweni, umsakazo Soviet angaphandle okuphindaphindiwe cishe ngokuphelele owamukelayo, eyakhululwa ngo-France eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili. Njengoba wangena Union, akwaziwa. Phakathi 1954 "Inkanyezi" yadalwa ngezinsuku laseKharkov futhi eMoscow, futhi imodeli njalo ngcono. Novelty uboniswe mpo chassis onobuhle, lula izinqubo, futhi hlobo izinguqulo oluhlaza nobomvu, owamukelayo obomvu Isikhishwe ngasizathu simbe ngaphezulu. Leli bhokisi is wanyathela kusukela kumadivayisi ensimbi, lesi sisetshenziswa nickel Plating kanye varnishing multilayer. Uma kuhlelelwa izifunda umsakazo we-USSR esetshenziswa umsakazo amashubhu ezinhlobo ezehlukene, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola i-okuzisholo amandla okukhipha 1.5 watts.

"Voronezh" (1957)

Tube umsakazo "Voronezh" sasisekelwe imodeli yebhethri, kodwa inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ukuthi eyayihambisana icala futhi chassis. Idivayisi lwenzelwe ukuthi asebenze amaza eside naphakathi, futhi ilawudispikha ashukumisayo likhona okukhiphayo. plastic esetshenziswa ukwenza icala. Njengoba for umsakazo wesifunda wase-USSR, ikakhulukazi, model of "Voronezh-28" lapha untuned umamukeli okokufaka, futhi amplifier esetshenziswa ubukele wesifunda anode wesifunda.

"Dvina" (1955)

Uxhumano tube umsakazo "Dvina", athuthukile e Riga Isekelwe umunwe izibani ezahlukene imiklamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi udaba lokhu model babe amayunithi zifane futhi chassis amayunithi. Omunye sici yalezi amadivaysi - a Ukhiye, rotary yangaphakathi antenna kazibuthe kanye dipole yangaphakathi. Qaphela ukuthi imisakazo ubudala wase-USSR, naye owayekulelo ekilasini II nangaphezulu kufanele izikhulumi ezine. Qaphela ukuthi i-Ministry of umkhakha electronic zeSoviet Union sasithe bahlakulele umsebenzi, owawuthi kufanele adaliwe 15 amamodeli we imishini, kamuva waya Umhlaba Isentha e Brussels, futhi ngemva konyaka - e-New York.

Popular Transistor imisakazo

Njengoba sishilo, lezi onobuhle uvele kancane kamuva, futhi umkhiqizo wokuqala kakhulu lolu hlobo kwaba "Festival". Kwaphela isikhathi eside impumelelo enkulu kakhulu Union Transistor nje imisakazo yase-USSR, njengoba ukuvumela ukufinyelela imithombo yolwazi, okuyinto wadluliselwa iziteshi we West umsakazo. izimpawu Okokuqala ngokuxhumanisa eSoviet Union kanye West, kwaba "Spidola", okuyinto hhayi kuphela kahle senza ukusakaza izinhlelo entshonalanga, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukulalela umculo ezazibaxaka emoyeni, Soviet hhayi kuphela.

"Spidola" wethulwa 60s ekuseni Abaklami Riga isitshalo futhi sithombo umsebenzi ukudala Transistor enganikanga. Futhi musa ngisho kuhlelwe ekukhiqizweni. Kodwa ngenxa illiquidity of isibani onobuhle, ezazigcwele emafektri, kudingeka ukudalwa okuthile icwecwe futhi elula. Futhi "Spidola" kwaba indlela ...

I Transistor imisakazo wokuqala wase-USSR, okuyinto badedelwa nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, ngokushesha kwaduma, ungalokothi lidala emashalofini futhi zabizwa ngokuthi phakathi ekilasini labantu. Ngesikhathi eqala ukuba sikhululwe Transistor imisakazo Leningrad isitshalo. Amadivayisi abizwa ngokuthi "iNeva" futhi zisekelwe transistors eziyisithupha futhi Semiconductor diode. Basuke zivunyelwe ukuba zithathe ukudluliselwa iziteshi esezingeni amagagasi eside naphakathi. Besilokhu ayenziwa futhi ephaketheni Transistor imisakazo, okuyinto kamuva kudedelwa ejwayelekile kakade.

"Wave" (1957)

Tube umsakazo "Wave" waqala ukuba sikhishelwe 1957 Izhevsk Radio. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le umsakazo we-USSR wakhipha ku ifektri sidle futhi kuqala kunazo zonke inani izingcezu 50. Design kwaba ezimbili zama - lokhuni noma le plastic, nenkambiso bembalwa kakhulu, futhi waba ekukhiqizweni imikhiqizo yepulasitiki zakhiqizwa ezihlukahlukene lokhuni.

I umamukeli lokhu umlando bekugcwele ezimnandi yimanje: isibonelo, eWorld Isentha, owawusedolobheni Brussels ngo-1958, "The Wave" waklonyeliswa nge-diploma Grand Prix kanye indondo yegolide. Ekupheleni, owamukelayo is phansi ngcono, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho eziye zabhekana kucutshungulwa apharathasi design futhi busebenze. Ngesisekelo le ethuthukisiwe imodeli kakade kukhiqizwa gramophone, olubizwa nangokuthi "The Wave".

"Riga-6" (1952)

Tube imisakazo yase-USSR wakhipha ezihlukahlukene izitshalo. Ngakho, i-ezithakazelisayo imodeli we Riga Radio Factory isibe inethiwekhi umamukeli ekilasini 2 "Riga-6", okuyinto ngokugcwele meet zamanje EU namazinga, kanye uzwela selectivity zazizinhle kunalezi ezinye onobuhle.

"Latvia M-137" oluqanjwe le VEF kagesi kanye iphathwa ekilasini lokuqala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imodeli sidalwe ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa pre-impi, eye yathuthuka. Umbhalo Okhethekile - ngezinga elingelikhulu lapho pointer futhi target band kudivayisi ukushintsha ixhunyiwe. Thanda abamukelayo eziningi, le imodeli kushintsha njalo, kodwa izici eziyisisekelo obusebenzayo azishintshile.

"Arp"

umsakazo ifektri-Alexander isikhathi eside ukukhiqiza izinga ngaleso sikhathi imisakazo. Imodeli lokuqala - ARZ-40 - Nokho, yethulwa ngo-1940, izingcezu 10 kuphela zavezwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Le modeli wabanjwa iziteshi ezinhlanu zendawo ukuthi ngaphambili ushintshiwe futhi iqoshwe. Singasho ukuthi lena endala umsakazo we-USSR. Namuhla betholakala khona ngaphandle amaqoqo Antique umsakazo abathanda.

imodeli Landelayo - ARZ-49 - wadedelwa ngemva kweminyaka 8, kodwa kakhulu ukushintshwa, njengoba efunwa ngabakwa neziphathimandla. Lokhu omkhulu umsakazo waba metallic umzimba okuyinto yabekwa nickel Plating noma ibala. Ukudweba isikali kwaba ngesimo YaseMoscow Kremlin.

Kakhulu ephelele imodeli ingumamukeli ARZ-54, wakhipha ngo-1954 ngu-eziningana izitshalo. It usebhekene eziningi ngcono, ukuvumela izinga reception kwaba ngcono kakhulu.

ephezulu

Ethandwa kakhulu ephezulu imisakazo USSR - kuyinto "Okthoba" futhi "Ubungane". Imodeli lokuqala yadalwa eLeningrad ngo-1954 futhi kwadingeka eziningi tesakhiwo. Ngakho, i-inkinobho ububanzi ijikeleziswa ngu isitimela igiya, nokuqedwa umsindo lapho kushintshwa ububanzi inikezwa nedivaysi ekhethekile ngesimo oxhumana ezengeziwe wahlela inkinobho isiqhebezo.

Minsk Plant yaqanjwa Lenin ekhiqizwa omunye imodeli ekilasini lokuqala - radiogram "Ubungane", ukukhiqizwa kwanoma olwaqala ngo-1957. Lokhu umsakazo has 11 ama, umzimba has a turntable emithathu isivinini, ngakho ukudlala kungenzeka ezivamile futhi LPs. Ungasetha ijubane ukudlala ongaphakeme ngenxa roller elithambile, okuyinto futhi likuvumela ukuthi kufakwe ekhompyutheni ipuleti ubudala.

"Sadko" (1956)

EU.SSR vintage imisakazo ezithakazelisa kakhulu abaqoqi. Omunye onobuhle ezidumile sikhatsi sekuphila kwakhe kwesibili-class tube umsakazo "Sadko", okuyinto yadalwa efektri "Red Okthoba" eMoscow. Le modeli - ngomunye wabokuqala, lapho babekwa umunwe umsakazo amashubhu. Idivayisi ikhanga ahlukene ithoni nokulawula amaza ezahlukene, ngaphezu, yona ifakwe izikhulumi ezine.

PTS-47

Uxhumano Translational USSR umsakazo ngokuthi PTS-47 ekuqaleni yakhelwe ekusebenzeni isikhungo yezokusakaza, kodwa kabanzi njengendlela Translational nomsakazo. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa ezisetjenziswako superheterodyne wesifunda ukusebenza emsakazweni amashubhu 9-10 e amabanga eziyisithupha. Umsakazo ifakwe main ukulawula ikhanda, ivolumu control knob ukulungisa kanye wokushintsha ezimbili - bands izindlela. Amandla ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa amapayipi nge ehlukile ugesi.

"Ukukhanya" (1956)

Lokhu umsakazo yabalelwa for mass isicelo, ngakho ukuze uthole eshibhile futhi kufinyeleleke kuso sonke isibalo sabantu. Le divayisi trohlampovoe nesebenzela kunethiwekhi futhi has ukuzwela ezinhle uma usebenzisa enothi lwangaphandle. Kodwa akubona bonke imisakazo kusukela eU.SSR chithi saka. Isibonelo, lokhu imodeli inqanyuliwe ngenxa unprofitability, kusukela wentengo okudayisa akuyona baprofetha zonke izindleko, babeye yezingxenye futhi umsebenzi uqobo.

"Qopha"

Uxhumano tube umsakazo "Qopha" kwaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1945 futhi yesimanje izikhathi eziningana. Samuntu kuqala, ngenhlanhla isineminyaka e inethiwekhi futhi samuntu ibhethri. Ithuthukisa owamukelayo usebhekene ngonyaka, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe onobuhle ezintsha bebelokhu izici ifundelwe iningi onobuhle langaphambilini, njengoba kudingeka ukwakha okukhulu, ukonga, kodwa luvelo selectivity zedivayisi, esizokwenza esiteshini central ukulalela nomaphi eSoviet Union. Phawula ukuthi ezinye imibono mayelana isikimu kanye nomklamo wabolekwa amamodeli pre-impi futhi ubiza Siemens Tesla.

Bona abamukelayo lokuqala "Qopha" Umiswe lokhuni noma le plastic, kodwa kamuva ngenxa yokungapheleli enqubeni Ukuxoshwa version plastic yashiywa dengwane. Ngo inethiwekhi umamukeli futhi kwadingeka kunekwehluleka kwesakhiwo okuyinto baba kubonakala enza kube lula futhi lithembekile kudivayisi.

"Umcibisholo" (radiogram, 1955) nesithi "Melody" (1959)

Yayiyini abamukelayo wase-USSR? Isithombe sikhombisa ukuthi zangaphandle ukufana imodeli kwakusadingeka umehluko kubantu aphila nabo. On onobuhle eziningi singazi ngisho ukukhumbula manje, kodwa uhlu abamukelayo ekhiqizwa eSoviet Union, eqinisweni, kakhulu, umxhwele kakhulu. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1958 elase-USSR ekhiqizwa abamukelayo 'Umcibisholo ", okuyinto ubheke amadivayisi we-grade 4th futhi superheterodyne trehlampovymi, akuvumela ukuba ujabulele irekhodi ngenxa pickups zangaphandle. Idivayisi ifakwe ilawudispikha ashukumisayo okweqanda, futhi amandla supply libuthene ngesisekelo isigamu-wave wesifunda. Kukhona Ukhiye okuyinto sekuqalile off noma idivayisi isetshenziswa ukushintshela amabanga.

Ngasekupheleni sixties wayeklanyelwe tube umsakazo "Melody", olwakhiwa eRiga. Wonke amadivayisi ifakwe kule Ukhiye imodeli, rotary yangaphakathi antenna kazibuthe kanye dipole zangaphakathi for VHF.

Ngakho, eSoviet Union ke kwadingeka lenqwaba imisakazo ukuthi njalo ngcono futhi olwesimanje. Namuhla, zingabantu siyindlala, kodwa namanje uqhubeke ukusebenza. Umbala wawo iyisikhumbuzo acacile ENKATHINI lapho ubuchwepheshe umsakazo ezweni isanda ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa.