I-Liman yindawo encane encane

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngamasitela. Kuyini? Iyini incazelo yezwi liman? Esigabeni sezintaba, ulwandle luvame ukungabi yizinga, kodwa lukhuni kakhulu, okuholela emagodini amakhulu nezincane, njengendawo yokulala kanye ne-estuary. Leli gama lihunyushwe kusuka kwisiGreki njengechweba noma i-bay. Noma kunjalo, ama-bays, abizwa ngokufanayo, anezici ezithile ezihlukile. Ngabe kunjalo?

Iyini i-estuary?

Ejografi, leli gama libhekisela ekhoneni elincane, elilinganiselwe nelingajulile. Yakhiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa umdwebo ogwini. Ngemva kwesikhashana, le ntshonalanga iqala ukuhlukanisa nolwandle nge-sandy scythe noma i-backfill. Phakathi komzimba omkhulu wamanzi kanye nale ndawo encane, indawo engajulile ingase idale futhi, uma kwenzeka ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele olwandle, i-echibini le-estuary livela endaweni yalo. Izindawo ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala ngasogwini olusenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Azov and Black Sea. Zingaba zivulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho zibizwa ngokuthi "izindebe", futhi zivaliwe, ngokufafaza.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-bays aphansi futhi angajulile abizwa ngokuthi ama-limans. Esakhiweni sokubunjwa kwawo wonke ama-creeks emvelaphi yama-limnic ezikhathini zangaphambili kwakuyimilomo yemifula, manje ekhukhumeziwe ulwandle. Uma ubheka ibalazwe, uzovame ukuphawula ukuthi wonke ama-liman ane-shape ephikisayo. Lokhu kunencazelo yayo. Uma isigodi somfula singumgogodla, khona-ke i-estuary iyathatha isimo esifanayo, iphinde ibambe izigodi zama-tributary yayo. Izinga losawoti lendawo eseduzane liphakathi, okunye phakathi kwamanzi amasha omfula namanzi usawoti olwandle. Nokho, ngenxa yokuntuleka noma ukunganele ngokwanele kwemvula, amanzi emlambo angeke akwanele, futhi ngokushesha i-liman iba yile usawoti ngenxa yokuhwamuka.

Kusukela ngenhla, kungenzeka ukudweba iziphetho mayelana nemvelaphi nokudla kwalezi zindawo zangokwemvelo, futhi ukunikeza incazelo. Ngakho-ke, le ntshonalanga iyindawo ephansi futhi ehlanganisiwe eyakhiwe ezindaweni eziphansi zomfula. Njengomthetho, izansi zazo zicebile ezinqeni ezikhulayo ezisetshenziselwa imithi yokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zesistimu ze-musculoskeletal kanye nezinzwa.

Ziyini izinzuzo zodaka ezakhiwe phansi ezansi?

Emanzini asezindaweni ezivaliwe, okungukuthi, emachibi ase-liman, esikhathini esithile ama-microorganisms aqala ukuthuthukisa. Futhi phansi kwe-saline, ebizwa ngosawoti esifundeni se-brine, isilwane esinezinyosi ezinamafutha amnyama esinezinsalela zalezi zinambuzane zifakwa. Iqukethe i-sulfurous iron ne-colloidal iron oxides. Lezi zinhlayiya zodaka zinemithi yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke ziyasetshenziswa kabanzi emithi yokwelashwa ezivela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Babuye bafake izendlalelo ze-magnesian, i-sulphurous nezinye zethusi. Lokhu kwenzeka njengomphumela wokushintsha kwe-salinity ema-estuaries afakiwe. I-Ilusto-usawoti idiphozi ingaba nobukhulu bamashumi amamitha amaningana. Ama-liman anjalo angatholakala emgodini we-Peninsula yaseCrimea (eSaki, Sasyk nakwezinye izindawo), eDnepropetrovsk, ogwini lwase-Odessa.

Ichibi Lyman

Eduze ogwini olumnyama olwandle lwaseCrimea eduze nomuzi wase-Olenovka kukhona ichibi elinelithi elibizwa ngokuthi iLiman. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi kunemvelaphi evelele futhi yenziwa ngenxa yesikhukhula somfula ngasolwandle. Leli gumbi linendawo ka-0.4 km². Ubude bayo buyi-1.6 m ububanzi bayo buyi-1.2 km. I-Lake Lyman ihlukaniswe nechweba laseKarajin ngokuchichima okuncane. Okwamanje, akukho mfula owodwa ozogeleza noma uphume echibini. Idla emvula kanye namanzi olwandle, ngakho-ke ngokuya ngenkathi, ukujula kwayo kuya kusuka ku-40 cm kuya ku-1 imitha. Uhlaka lwesilinda, olusezantsi phansi echibini, linomlinganiso ophezulu wokunciphisa amaminerali. Esikhathini sasehlobo kunemincintiswano ekuphefumulweni kwemimoya. Ngaphezu kweCrimean Lake Liman, leli gama ligqwe ngamanye amachibi amancane. Isibonelo, amagama amachibi afanayo asezindaweni zaseKharkiv naseKherson.

Amagama ama-estuaries

• I-Dniester Liman (isifunda sase-Odessa). Yakhiwe emlonyeni woMfula iDniester lapho kuhlangana khona uLwandle OluMnyama. Ngendlela, igama layo langaphambili liyi-Ovidievo Lake.
• I-Anadyr estuary. Leli yigama leNgxenye ye-Anadyr Gulf eduze noLwandle lwaseBering.
• Hadzhibey estuary. Itholakala enyakatho-empumalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama eduze ne-Odessa. Ububanzi balo buyi-5 km.
• I-estuary eyomile. Itholakala ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama, njengoDniester, eduze kwedolobha lase-Odessa. Esigwini saso kungusolwandle lwe-Illichivsk. Ngandlela-thile, umsebenzi wokugcina wokuzibulala we-autobiographical of the native-hero-city of Odessa, umlobi weSoviet u-Valentin Kataev uyindaba ethi "Dry Liman."

Ukuhlala okubizwa ngokuthi yiLyman

Leli gama eRussia, nasemhlabeni wonke, izindawo zokuhlala ezihlukahlukene zibizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, eRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan (esifundeni saseLankaran) nasesifundazweni sase-Wyoming (USA) kunezindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi iLiman. Izindawo ezifanayo zisezindaweni zase-Astrakhan, Voronezh, eRostov, eStatropol Territory (RF), nase-Ukraine: iKharkiv, iKherson nezinye izindawo.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, kusukela phezulu, kwacaca ukuthi le ntshonalanga yindawo engamakhilomitha ayishumi nambili owakhiwa usawoti olwandle noma ogwadule olwakhiwe phansi emfuleni wamfula (emlonyeni) ngenxa yokukhukhula kwesigodi somfula nolwandle. Lezi zindawo zemvelo zingavuleka, ukufinyelela ngqo olwandle, futhi zingahlukaniswa nolwandle ngokufafaza. Uma le ntshonalanga ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele nolwandle, iphenduka ibe yichibi lemvelaphi yeliminal. Ingcebo enkulu kunazo zonke lezi zinqolobane yizinhlayiya zokuphulukisa ezikhishwa phansi, ngakho-ke ogwini lwamachibi olwandle kukhona ama-sanatoriums nezibhedlela ezihlinzeka ngokubanzi kwezinsizakalo zombili zokwelashwa nokuvimbela bonke abantu. Unyaka wonke kulezi zikhungo zezempilo abantu abanezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezempilo baphathwa. Ngendlela, enye yezinkomba kungukuthi i-infertility. Bathi ama-muds aseCrimea enza izimangaliso, futhi abesifazane abaningi, ngemuva kokuqeda inkambo yokwelapha ngosizo lwamadaka ezinkumbi, ekugcineni bangaqonda injabulo yobazali.