HDD: isimiso ukusebenza kanye izici eyinhloko

hard drive, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, nama-hard drive ungomunye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ngcondvomshini. Mayelana wonke umuntu uyazi-ke. Kodwa lokhu akulona umsebenzisi yesimanje ngisho izibikezelo isimiso mayelana nendlela idrayivu kanzima. Umgomo we operation, ngokuvamile, ngokuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi ulula, kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama, elibuye okuzoxoxwa ngayo.

Imibuzo uya khona futhi Ukwahlukaniswa hard drive?

Umbuzo yendawo, yebo, bokukhuluma. Noma ubani, ngisho kakhulu entry level, waphendula ngokushesha ethi idrayivu kanzima (eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- idrayivu kanzima, aka Hard Drive noma HDD) basabela ngokushesha ukuthi iyindawo esetshenziselwa ukugcina ukwaziswa.

Ngokuvamile, kuyiqiniso. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kwi drive kanzima, ngaphandle wesistimu yokusebenza amafayela umsebenzisi zidalwe imikhakha yesistimu yokusebenza ebhuthini, sibonga yena uzoqala, kanye ezinye zezimpawu lapho disk kusheshe ukuthola ulwazi olufunayo.

onobuhle yamanje abasakwazi nezigigaba ezihlukahlukene: ezivamile HDD, wangaphandle hard ngemoto, ngesivinini okuqinile-isimo SSD ngemoto, nakuba kuthiwa kubangelwa hard drive, kanye kungamukelwa. Luphinde okuphakanyiswe cabanga idivayisi iphinde HDD operation isimiso, uma hhayi egcwele ke okungenani kule, kwakwanele ngokuba ukuqonda amagama ayisisekelo nezinqubo.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kukhona ngezigaba olukhethekile HDD namuhla ku kokushesha eziyisisekelo, phakathi okuyizinto lokhu okulandelayo:

• indlela ukulondoloza ulwazi;
• uhlobo abezindaba;
• indlela yokuhlela ukufinyelela kulwazi.

Kungani idrayivu kanzima kubizwa ngokuthi idrayivu kanzima?

Namuhla, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kungani hard drive abizwa ngokuthi angaphandle kanzima lenye ngezikhali ezincane. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kungase kube ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezimfuneko amadivayisi amabili?

Igama elithi uvele kufike emuva ngo-1973, lapho emakethe wabonakala kuqala emhlabeni HDD, ukwakhiwa eyayihlanganisa linezingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene i isitsha moya. Likhono isikwele ngasinye kwaba 30 MB, yingakho onjiniyela baye banikezwa igama ikhodi ye-disc "30-30", okuyinto kwaba ngokugcwele bavumelane sha ethandwa ngesikhathi isibhamu "Winchester, 30-30". Nokho, ekuqaleni kwawo-'90s e Melika naseYurophu yigama cishe okuphume ukusetshenziswa, kodwa namanje ethandwa esikhaleni post-Soviet.

Idivayisi kanye HDD ukusebenza isimiso

Kodwa thina digress. HDD operation isimiso kungenziwa kanje inqubo wekufundza nobe kubhala. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Ukuze uzwisise ekuqhubeni kazibuthe idrayivu kanzima, okokuqala udinga ukufunda ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

I hard drive ngokwawo iqoqo amapuleti, inani okuyinto zingahluka kusuka ezine kwabayisishiyagalolunye oxhumene by umgodi (oluvala amasondo), esibizwa ngokuthi i-uthi lokuphotha. Lezi zingqimba ibekwe eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye. Ezimweni eziningi, indaba ekukhiqizeni kwabo kukhona aluminium, zethusi, ezenziwe ngobumba, izingilazi nokunye okunjalo. D. Ngokwabo we ipuleti abe enamathela ekhethekile kazibuthe elinama ngokuthi ngoqwembe, esekelwe oxide gamma ferrite, chromium oxide, barium yombala ferrite futhi t. D . ngamunye ukujiya ipuleti mayelana 2 mm.

Ukuze ukuqopha futhi ukufunda ukwaziswa luhambisane ikhanda osabalalayo (yinye ipuleti ngamunye) kanye amapuleti asetshenziswa kokubili evele. Phakathi Ukujikeleza lokuphotha, ijubane okungaba kusuka 3600 kuya 7200 rev. / Min futhi zithuthele amakhanda oluhambisana izinjini ezimbili kagesi.

Kulokhu, isimiso esiyisisekelo disk sekhompyutha kanzima ukuthi ilwazi kulotshwe akuyona kuphi, kodwa endaweni ngokuqinile esibekiwe, ngokuthi imikhakha, okuyinto zitholakala amathrekhi eyindilinga noma amathrekhi. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, ukusebenzisa imithetho iyunifomu. Kukhona umbono izimiso hard drive mayelana netakhiwo yabo okunengqondo, jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, usayizi eyodwa wemboni, ngokuba ejwayelekile esihlanganisiwe yokutholwa emhlabeni wonke, 512 bytes. imikhakha zihlukaniswe amaqoqo, okuyizinto ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu eziningi emikhakheni kukhona ngokulandelana. Futhi ikakhulukazi disk hard of isimiso yokusebenza kulesi sici wukuthi exchange of ulwazi kanye nje wenza amaqoqo lonke (inamba imikhakha amaketanga).

Kodwa ifundwa kanjani ulwazi? ukushayela imisebenzi: a idrayivu kanzima kanje: Ukusebenzisa ubakaki Ukufundwa ikhanda akhethekile uhamba osabalalayo (Helical) isiqondiso ithrekhi oyifunayo futhi ngesikhathi ijika ibekwe phezu wemboni unikezwa, zonke izinhloko zingasuswa kanyekanye ngokufunda ulwazi olufanayo hhayi kuphela amathrekhi ehlukene kodwa nge akwazi ukugcina ezahlukene (eziyizingcwecwana). Wonke amathrekhi nge efanayo izinombolo eziphawula ukuthi okwesingaki abizwa ngokuthi amasilinda.

Kungenzeka ukuba ukhethe esinye isimiso yokusebenza a idrayivu kanzima: inhloko Ukufundwa eduze kwamanzi kazibuthe (kodwa akusho uthinte), ayanda ukuminyana ukurekhoda.

Kangakanani lo mbhalo futhi ukufunda ulwazi?

hard drive, noma nama-hard drive, kanye-ke ziye zabizwa ngokuthi uzibuthe abawasebenzisayo imithetho uzibuthe physics, owasungulwa Faraday futhi Maxwell.

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, zezinhlangothi nemagnitochuvstvitelnogo kazibuthe enamathela impahla isetshenziswa ukushuba we micrometer ambalwa. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, amandla kazibuthe kokuba okuthiwa isakhiwo domain.

Isizinda kazibuthe kuyinto ngokuqinile iphahlwe uzibuthe esifundeni imingcele ferroalloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho HDD operation isimiso kungenziwa kanje: uma kwenzeka inkambu zangaphandle kazibuthe, efanele drive ensimini iqala ukuqondiswa ngokunembile kanye imizila kazibuthe kanye at ukuqedwa nomthelela akwazi ukugcina avele remanence zone lapho ulwazi olugcinwe ngaphambili equkethwe emkhakheni main .

Ngoba indalo ukuba insimu zangaphandle unesibopho ukuqopha ikhanda ukufunda, futhi ukufunda zone remanence, ngokuba okuphambene ekhanda lidale amandla electromotive noma EMF. Khona-ke yonke into ilula: ukushintsha EMF oluhambisana eyodwa kanambambili, kanti ukungezwakali kwawo noma ukumisa - zero. Isikhathi eshintsha EMF ngokuthi kancane cell.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusweni magnetic ngokucacile luyingxenye Informatics zingahlanganiswa, njengoba uhlobo iphuzu ukulandelana idatha izingcezu. Nokho, kusukela indawo la maphuzu nakanjani kungenzeki ukubala ngokunembile, kwi drive ufuna ukufaka ezinye uhlobo ilebula pre-echaziwe ezasiza ichaze indawo oyifunayo. Ukudalwa amalebula enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ukufomatha (cishe yokuhlukanisa disk ku amathrekhi futhi izinhlaka, ahlanganiswe ndawonye).

Isakhiwo okunengqondo kanye namasistimu okusebenza isimiso hard drive ngokuya ukufomatha

Ngokuphathelene izinhlangano okunengqondo HDD lapha endaweni yokuqala kukhona ukufometha, lapho kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-level ongaphakeme (ngokomzimba) kanye nasezingeni eliphezulu (logic). Ngaphandle lezi zinyathelo, alethe iyiphi hard drive esimweni ukusebenza ayikwazi ukukhuluma. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ukuqalisa drive omusha kanzima, kuzoxoxwa ngokwehlukile.

Eliphansi ukufomatha kudinga ukusebenza ngokomzimba kobuso HDD, lapho imikhakha zitholakala eduze amathrekhi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isimiso idrayivu kanzima kangangokuthi emkhakheni ngamunye uye wadala ikheli yaso ehlukile enhle, okuhlanganisa inombolo kakhulu wemboni, ukulandelela inamba, lapho itholakala, kanye-number plate. Ngakho, inhlangano ukufinyelela ngqo imemori efanayo kusuka ekhelini elinikeziwe ukhuluma ngokuqondile, kunokuthi ufuna ulwazi olulungile ngaphesheya kwamanzi, ngenxa lapho isivinini kufinyelelwa (nakuba akusiyo ebaluleke kakhulu). Phawula ukuthi lapho ukufomatha eliphansi kusulwe ngokuphelele lonke ulwazi awubuyisele ezimweni eziningi akukwazi.

Enye into - ifomethi okunengqondo (kumasistimu Windows olusekelwe phezu kwemiphumela yiyona format esheshayo noma ifomethi Quick). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngokudalwa ngodonga okunengqondo ezimele endaweni ethile esiyinhloko idrayivu kanzima ukuthi usebenza izimiso ezifanayo.

ukufomatha elinengqondo ngokuyinhloko kuthinta endaweni uhlelo, esakhiwa ukuqalisa wemboni futhi itafula ukwahlukanisa (MBR Boot irekhodi), ithebula elabela amafayela (FAT, NTFS, nokunye. D.) Futhi impande (Umsuka Directory).

Imininingwane Ukurekhoda imikhakha cluster yenziwa ngokusebenzisa izingxenye eziningana, lapho e ihlukuzo ayikwazi ukuqukatha izinto ezimbili ezifanayo (amafayela). Empeleni, ukudalwa ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo, njengoba ehlukanisa ke kusukela main uhlelo ukwahlukanisa, ukuze ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-ke, uma kukhona amaphutha nokwehluleka ukushintsha noma ukususwa ayiphazamiseki.

Izici Main HDD

Ngicabanga, ngokuvamile HDD ukusebenza isimiso we kuncane okwaziwayo ngaso. Manje phenya izici eziyinhloko, anikeza umbono ophelele wonke amathuba (noma nemibi) ka ngemoto yesimanje kanzima.

Umgomo we hard disk futhi main izici zingase zihluke kakhulu. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini kithi kusengozini, thina ukhethe nemingcele eziyisisekelo kakhulu agcwele zonke ezaziwayo imininingwane date ezitolo:

• umthamo (volume);
• ukusebenza (ukufunda idatha ukufinyelela ijubane nekubhala kolwazi);
• esibonakalayo (uxhumano indlela, isilawuli uhlobo).

I umthamo isamba ulwazi olungase kuqoshwe futhi agcinwe kwi drive kanzima. ka HDD embonini likhula ngokushesha kangangokuba namuhla ongene ukusetshenziswa angaphandle kanzima imiqulu komyalelo wokungabi 2 TB noma ngaphezulu. Futhi, njengoba kunenkolelo le akuyona mkhawulo.

Ukusebenza - isici eziphawuleka kakhulu. It ubheka ukuthi yiziphi indlela idivayisi ixhunywe umbadlana, okuyinto isilawuli isetshenziswa njengoba eKufundza neKubhala Kwenziwa, nokunye. D. interface ezinkulu ezivamile kubhekwe IDE, Sata futhi SCSI.

Amadiski ne-IDE-interface ezahlukene eziphansi, Nokho, phakathi bokwenza ezinkulu kungaba ukuhlukanisa inani elilinganiselwe amadivayisi abaxhumeke (ubuningi ezine) kanye ongaphakeme idatha isilinganiso (ngisho nokusekela ungeno ngqo esikhaleni DMA Ultra noma yezifiso Ultra ATA (Mode 2 Imodi 4). Nakuba kunenkolelo ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungakhuphula izinga funda / bhalela ijubane 16 Mb / s, kodwa speed ephansi kakhulu kunalokho empeleni. ngaphezu, kwimodi UDMA kudinga ukufakwa abashayeli ekhethekile, okuyinto ngemcondvo, kufanele ezinikezwe umbadlana.

Ukukhuluma ngalokho isimiso idrayivu kanzima futhi izici, awanakuziziba Sata esibonakalayo, okuyinto version owalandela IDE ATA. Buhle lobu buchwepheshe ukuthi wokufundwayo isivinini / bhala zingandiswa-100 Mb / s ngokusebenzisa ngesivinini ibhasi Fireware IEEE-1394.

Ekugcineni, SCSI esibonakalayo eqhathaniswa odlule ezimbili iyona nezimo kakhulu futhi eliphakeme-isivinini (funda / bhalela akhuphula ukuze 160MB / s nangaphezulu). Kodwa kukhona ezifana nama-hard drive cishe kabili njengoba ezibizayo. Kodwa inani abaxhumeke amadivayisi isitoreji ezisukela eziyisikhombisa nanhlanu, uxhumano engenziwa ngaphandle de-yokuvuselela computer, futhi ubude ikhebula kungaba ngokulandelana 15-30 amamitha. Empeleni, lolu hlobo HDD ingxenye enkulu asisebenzi PC umsebenzisi futhi amaseva.

Ukusebenza ngazo ngesivinini transmission kanye throughput besikhundla-I / O, ngokuvamile wezwakalisa yokudlulisela isikhathi kanye nenani idatha idluliselwa chungechunge, lubonakaliswa MB / s.

Ezinye izinketho ezengeziwe

Ukukhuluma ngalokho kuyinto hard disk zokusebenza isimiso futhi yini imingcele ezithinta ukusebenza kwawo, akunakugwenywa, futhi ezinye izici ezengeziwe, okungase kuthinte ukusebenza noma ukuphila zedivayisi.

Lapha, endaweni yokuqala ijubane ukujikeleza, esithinta ngqo ukucinga kanye Ukuqalisa isikhathi (ukuqashelwa) komkhakha oyifunayo. Lokhu okuthiwa esicashile search isikhathi - isikhawu lapho isidingo emkhakheni uphendukela ikhanda wokufundwayo. Namuhla abazamukela izindinganiso eziningana isivinini lokuphotha, obonakaliswe linemibhikisho ngomzuzu nge ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ngama-millisecond ngayinye:

• 3600 - 8,33;
• 4500 - 6,67;
• 5400 - 5.56;
• 7200 - 4,17.

It is kalula kubonakala ukuthi ephakeme ijubane, isikhathi esingaphansi esichithwa emkhakheni lokusesha, indiza ezithintekako - Ngokugwala uguquko kudiski ukufakwa ikhanda iphuzu ukubeka oyifunayo ipuleti.

Enye ipharamitha - yangaphakathi yokudlulisa izinga. On amathrekhi yangaphandle incane kodwa kwandisa nge inguquko kancane kancane ukuba ithrekhi kwangaphakathi. Ngakho, defragmentation inqubo efanayo emelela ukunyakaza evame ukusetshenziswa idatha endaweni esheshayo we disc - hhayi nje kuphela ukudluliselwa ithrekhi engaphakathi ngokufunda enkulu isivinini. isivinini sangaphandle inenani esinqunyiwe futhi kuncike esibonakalayo esetshenziswa.

Ekugcineni, omunye amaphuzu abalulekile elihlobene ne-khona isilondolozi le-hard drive uqobo noma sesikhashana. Eqinisweni, i-hard drive usebenza ngokulandela isimiso sesikhashana ukusetshenziswa esimweni esicishe sifane nesakho imemori tekusebenta nobe virtual. I emikhulu usayizi isilondolozi (128-256 kb), ngokushesha lo hard drive.

Izimfuneko esiyinhloko HDD

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ethulwa hard drive, kungasiko. Into esemqoka - impilo eside nokwethembeka.

Izinga eziyisisekelo HDD kakhulu kubhekwa impilo ye-oda zeminyaka 5-7 ne isikhathi yokusebenza esikhathini esingekho ngaphansi kwamahora amahlanu likhulu lamawaka, kodwa ngemoto ephezulu bangamaphesenti hhayi amahora angaphansi kuka esigidini.

Njengoba for nokwethenjelwa, unesibopho lo msebenzi we SMART self-test, okuyinto uqaphe isimo izakhi ngazinye idrayivu kanzima, enifeza nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngesisekelo idatha eqoqwe kungenziwa elakhiwe ngisho Isibikezelo ukubukeka kungenzeka amaphutha esikhathini esizayo.

Nakanjani ukuthi umsebenzisi akufanele ame eceleni. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa HDD kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bagcine elilungile lokushisa ububanzi (0 - 50 ± 10 degrees Celsius) ukugwema uthuthumele, imithelela futhi uwela hard drive, ihlaselwe uthuli noma okunye izinhlayiya ezincane, njll Phela, abaningi ngeke .. ukwazi ukuthi okufanayo intuthu izinhlayiya imayelana kabili kunenani ibanga phakathi ikhanda wokufundwayo kanye ebusweni magnetic idrayivu kanzima, futhi izinwele womuntu - 5-10 izikhathi.

Imibuzo ukuqalisa uhlelo ngokufaka esikhundleni hard drive

Manje amagama ambalwa ngalokho isinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma ngasizathu simbe umsebenzisi ukushintsha hard drive noma ufake dpolnitelny.

Ngokugcwele ukuchaza inqubo ngeke, futhi sizogxila kuphela esigabeni esikhulu. Okokuqala kumele ukuxhuma idrayivu kanzima futhi bheka izilungiselelo BIOS, uma hardware entsha lutholwa, ku disk Administration kwesigaba ukuqalisa futhi udale irekhodi boot, dala ivolumu elula, nika i-ID (incwadi) futhi ukufometha sikhethe isistimu yefayela. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukuthi "isikulufa" esisha ngokuphelele isilungele ukusebenza.

isiphetho

Yilokho konke kuza zichazele izinto eziyisisekelo ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza ngemoto yesimanje kanzima. Umgomo we operation ye wangaphandle hard drive akubhekwa kubalulekile ngoba cishe akahlukile ukuthi isetshenziselwe HDD umile. Umahluko owokuthi kuphela indlela yokuxhuma isitoreji esengeziwe ukuze PC yakho naku laptop. Okuvame kakhulu ukuxhumana nge-USB-interface ukuthi ezixhunywe ngokuqondile umbadlana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza esiphezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ngezimbobo ze-USB 3.0 (port ngaphakathi ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) Yiqiniso, uma nje HDD yangaphandle ngokwayo buyakusekela.

Ngokuqondene nazo zonke ezinye, ngicabanga ukuthi abantu abaningi ngisho kancane, kwaba sobala ukuthi disk hard of yiluphi uhlobo. Mhlawumbe okungenhla elinikwe ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu lobuchwepheshe, kulapho ngisho esikoleni physics Yiqiniso, okwamanje ngaphandle ukuthi ukuqonda ngokuphelele zonke izimiso eziyisisekelo futhi izindlela babeka phansi HDD ukukhiqizwa futhi isicelo ubuchwepheshe ngeke baqonde.