Indawo yase-Dzhugdzhursky ye-Ayano-May District yeKhabarovsk Territory: insimu, izitshalo nezilwane

Ngeshwa, umsebenzi osebenzayo nobudlova womuntu eplanethi usengozini yokuqedwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Ezinye zazo sezilahlekile kuze kube phakade, futhi ukuze zilondoloze abanye, izindawo ezikhethekile ziye zavela-indawo lapho ososayensi banethuba lokutadisha umhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane ezingathinteki ukuvezwa kwabantu. I-Russia ilandela inqubomgomo enomsindo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Khabarovsk Territory, inendawo yayo iningi lezinqolobane eziyisithupha, ngokuvamile eziziqhenya ngokulondoloza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba empilweni ukuvakashela insimu enjalo, lapho imithetho yemvelo ehlakaniphile nelula ekhona. Ngakho-ke, namuhla isihloko se-athikili yethu kwakuyi-Reserve Dzhugdzhursky - enkulu kunazo zonke eMpumalanga Ekude.

Incazelo jikelele yenqolobane

Isiqhingi sase-Dzhugdzhursky asilona ize ngokuthi yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke, ngoba insimu yayo idlula amahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezingaphezu kwamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa afakwe endaweni evikelekile. Indawo yokuphepha ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili namashumi amahlanu ayihektare.

Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa ososayensi bayaqaphela ukuthi iNtaba yaseZudhughursky inezimo zezulu zemvelo ezifana nezinhlobo ezimbili zemvelo - i-tundra ye-mountain ne-mountain taiga. Isimo sezulu esentshonalanga sinzima kakhulu, kunemifula embalwa, futhi ukushisa kwehla lokushisa kuvame futhi kubukhali. Egwini, ngokuphambene nalokho, imvula enkulu iyawa, futhi umoya uvame ukuqhuma. Izingosi zemvelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Lesi yisici se-reserve, esiyisikhuthazo sokudala le ndawo evikelekile. Ngempela, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, inqwaba yezitshalo nezilwane eziphilayo zihlala.

Indawo ye-Dzhugdzhursky: indawo yokuhlala

Uphi indawo yokugcina, nokuthi ungafika kanjani? Ukuze ufike kule ndawo, uzodinga ukuya eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia. Ososayensi kanye nezazi-mlando bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zindawo zicebile ngokweqile futhi emazweni amaningi kunokwenzeka ukudala izindawo zokugcina ukugcina ubuningi bezindawo zendawo endaweni ejwayelekile. Phela, ukulahlekelwa kwalowobuhle obumnandi kuyoba ukulahlekelwa okungenakuphulukiswa okuzoshintsha lonke iMpumalanga Ekude.

Eminyakeni yamuva, iRussia Federation iye yazama ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ensimini yezwe kukhona izindawo ezinezimo ezikhethekile zombuso. Isifunda sase-Ayano-May saba indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezinqabeni zeKhabarovsk Territory, eyayiba isihloko sendaba yethu yanamuhla.

Izindawo zemvelo zendawo

Indawo yokugcinwa kwemvelo kahulumeni "Dzhugdzhursky", njengoba sesivele sichaziwe, ihlanganisa insimu enkulu kakhulu. Itholakala ogwini lolwandle lwase-Okhotsk, elihlanganisa umhlaba neziqhingi eziningana.

I-Dzhugdzhur Range, ehlukanisa isabelo sibe izingxenye ezimbili, ithonya kakhulu isimo salesi sifunda. Wonke umuntu oza lapha okokuqala uhlonipha ubuhle baleli zwe elisezintabeni, okuvame ukunikezwa isici esifana ne-Alps.

Ngokusemthethweni indawo egcinwe kuyo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu noma amaqoqo:

• Iziqhingi zaseMalmön.
• I-Coastal.
• Dzhugdzhursky.

Ngamunye unezici zayo, kanye nemifino nezilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ridge, idlula emhlabeni, isebenza njengomthombo wokubunjwa kwezinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele kwezinye izindawo zendalo. Kunzima ukufika eningizimu-ntshonalanga, intaba futhi ikhona emgqeni ogwini. Ingxenye yesibili intaba yezintaba, lapho kunenqwaba yezintaba, amagquma nezintaba.

Umlando we-Reserve

Isifunda sase-Ayano-Mayi sasiyathakazelisa izazi zezokwelapha eminyakeni engamashumi amane nanhlanu ekude yekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Okokuqala ososayensi babekhathazekile ngesibalo sezimvu zeqhwa, okwakudingeka ukuba zithathe ngokuphuthumayo ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izazi zezinkanyezi zashicilela ukubonwa kwazo ezilwaneni zale ndawo futhi zancoma ngokuqinile ukudala indawo ekhethekile eyovikelwa nguhulumeni.

Ngo-1984, umsebenzi waqala ekwakhiweni kwekusasa elizayo. Le nhlangano yaphathiswa uProfesa S. S. Kharkevich. Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu wasebenza nabasizi bakhe ukwenza imingcele yendawo yokuvikela imvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wakhe wamukelwa, futhi kunqunywe ukudala ukugcina.

Usuku lokuvula olusemthethweni nguSeptemba 10, 1990. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi nesikhombisa yokuhlala kwayo i-Dzhugdzhursky Reserve ayizange ishintshe umqondisi wayo. Inhloko ehlala njalo yalezi zindawo yi-Ten Ho Za.

Unyaka ngemuva kwesisekelo saso, iNtaba yaseZudhughursky yandisa izindawo zayo, indawo yamanzi yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk yanezelwa kuyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-database kanye nezobuchwephesha ezigciniwe zezindawo zavuselelwa, futhi indawo yokugcina yona yathola imali eyengeziwe evela kuhulumeni okungaphezu kwesisodwa.

Imigomo kanye nezinhloso ze-reserve

Kulukhuni ukukhumbuza indima yeZibhudzhursky Reserve. Izinhlobo ezilondekile zezitshalo nezilwane ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke zidinga ukutadisha nokuvikelwa ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho samanzi sincike ekuhlanzeni kwemifula yezintaba, okuqinisekisa ukungena kwamanzi emanzini oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zalezi zindlela zamanzi ziveza. Umzila okhethekile ngenhloso yokwakha indawo yokugcina isifundo nokulondolozwa kwamahlathi asezintabeni. Ummeleli ovame kakhulu kulawa yi-Ayan spruce. Ukuziqhenya kwangempela kuka Priokhotya futhi kugcinwa ngokucophelela yizwe.

Imisebenzi yesabelo se-Dzhugdzhur ingamelwa kanje:

• Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zokulondolozwa kwezilwane eziphilayo kanye nezitshalo;
• Ukuqhuba umsebenzi wesayense ensimini yendawo yokugcina;
• Ukuqapha kwezemvelo;
• Ukuphuma emisebenzini emfundweni yezemvelo yabantu;
• Usizo olusebenzayo ekuqeqesheni ososayensi kanye nochwepheshe abavamile emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo.

Ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-reserve kuhlangabezana ngempumelelo nemisebenzi yayo.

Ukuvakasha kwezinto eziphilayo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokugcinwa kwemvelo kukhuthazwa nokuvakasha kwezemvelo, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva isanda kakhulu ethandwa phakathi kwabaseRussia. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezithile noma ukuhambisa yonke indawo yokugcina. Kunoma yikuphi, uzoba nokuthile okumele ubone. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezivakashi yizindawo ezilandelayo:

Ichibi iBaikalenok

Akusikho isizathu ukuthi linalo igama elikhulunywe, ngoba amanzi alo ahlanzekile kangangokuthi ayinikezi "omunye" omdala.

Umfula waseSelenda

Iqala uhambo lwayo phezulu ezintabeni futhi lizolile, kodwa ngokushesha lithola uhlamvu oluthile lwe-recalcitrant futhi luvele luvela emphethweni ngokuqondile ehlathini, liphule emgodini wemitha nengxenye ububanzi. Lesi sibonakaliso singenakwenzeka ukuba sikhohlwe, sishukumisa wonke umuntu osibonile ngamehlo abo.

Emaphandleni aseZipadinsky

Lezi zemibukiso zinhle kakhulu kubadlali be-speleologists, ziqukethe ama-deposit amahle ama-calcareous amahle kakhulu, futhi futhi kaningi futhi kukhona izithombe ezibonakalayo ze-stalactites nezi-stalagmites.

Imifula, lapho kudoba khona inhlanzi

Uma ungakaze ubone inhlanzi ihamba, kufanele sikululeke ukuthi ube ngesikhathi semifula Aldoma noLantar. Lapha kufika i-saumon pink kanye ne-sockeye salmon, engabonakala ngokucacile ngamanzi acacile. Ngokuvamile, kusukela ekutheni abavakashelayo abaningi, kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda phansi komfula, ngoba inhlanzi iwumfula oqhubekayo futhi ongapheli.

Ichibi i-Antykan

Lapha abaqalayo nabathwebuli bezithombe abanolwazi bathanda ukuza. Bayajabula ukulungisa izinyoni zekhamera ezikhethile i-echibini namadwala angogwini. Isitsha sechibi ngokwawo sinomumo ohlangene futhi sifana ne-lagoon enhle. Ububanzi bechibi kunalokho buyinkimbinkimbi, endaweni enkulu kunamamitha angamakhulu amathathu, futhi emincane - ayidluli ngamakhulu wamamitha.

Akunakwenzeka ukuhlunga zonke izakhiwo ezinhle ze-Dzhugdzhur. Kodwa isitshalo nesilwane sakhe kufanele sibheke ngokukhethekile, esizoxoxa ngakho manje.

I-Dzhugdzhursky igcina: izitshalo

Le nsimu yodwa kuphela yohlu lwayo futhi idlula ezinye izinqolobane ze-Khabarovsk Territory ngokubaluleka . Ngokusho kososayensi, i-flora imelelwa yizinhlobo ezingu-7 eziyisikhombisa zezitshalo. Naphezu kokuthi isimo sezulu sendawo sinzima kakhulu, umhlaba wezitshalo wendawo egcinwe ucebile kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu zifakwe eBhukwini Elibomvu LaseKhabarovsk Territory, kanti eziyisithupha zifakwe eNcwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia Federation. Isibonelo, i-valerian ayanskaya iphawulwe kumadokhumenti ngamunye ohlwini. Izitshalo eziningi azitholakali kwenye indawo eplanethi, zibhekwa njengezikhona.

Ngokucophelela, izitshalo zezitshalo zifunda isitshalo esinjalo njenge-spyce Ayan. Ngaphandle, kubonakala sengathi i-spruce ejwayelekile, kodwa kusekhona kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuphakama, izihlahla zifinyelela ngamamitha amane, futhi ukujikeleza kwabo ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu. Ububanzi be-trunk esivamile ngokuvamile bubanga phakathi kwamamitha ayikhulu.

Ikhula i- ayanskaya ngesihlahla sase-spruce ezindaweni lapho kunemvula eningi nehlobo elibandayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo kunzima ukuhlangabezana namamitha angaphezu kwamakhulu amane ukusuka olwandle nasemanzini angolwandle. Ezintabeni, i-spruce izwa kahle kakhulu, ingakhula ekuphakameni kwamamitha amahlanu. Amahlathi akhiwe yizihlahla asemaphethelweni ekuqothulwa. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa ngokuwa phansi kwezihlahla ngokusebenza kwamaqembu. Into kuphela egcina lezi zinhlobo yizindawo zokukhula ezilukhuni. Kuphela kuphela i-Ayan fir engakwazi ukukhula ngokuthula.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ngifuna ukukutshela ngesicathulo seVenus, lesi sitshalo sasivame kakhulu emasimini ase-taiga, kodwa manje sibhalwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book.

I-Taiga Orchid

I-Venus iyi-slipper enemibala eminingi - isitshalo esingavamile esifanele siphile emhlabeni wethu. Ngokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-orchid, enezizathu ezithile. Phela, lesi sitshalo singokomndeni we-Orchid.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imbali ikhona ngokugcwele nge-symbiosis nezinye izinhlobo zefungi. Uhlelo lwempande lukhula kancane kancane, ngokuvamile isitshalo siwela esimweni sokuphumula, lapho sisekelwa khona ngamakholoni angaphansi komhlaba. Okumangazayo ukuthi ukuqhuma kokuqala kwesihlangu se-venereal kubonakala eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu emva kokukhula kusuka enzalweni.

Okwamanje, lolu hlobo lugcinwa kuphela ezinqolobaneni, ensimini yeRashiya Federation kukhona abathathu kubo. Khulisa lesi sitshalo esingavamile emasimini asebhodini, okukhuthaza ukukhiqiza kwezinhlobo ezintsha.

Izilwane Umhlaba Wendawo

Engxenyeni yesigodi sase-Dzhugdzhursky kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili nesishiyagalombili yezilwane. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha nesithupha kwezinyoni nezinhlobo ezingamashumi amane nambili zezilwane ezincelisayo. Esivame kakhulu endaweni egcinwe kuyo kukhona ibhere elimnyama nelulverine. Lesi silwane sikhululekile ukuhlala emazweni agodliwe. Abanayo abanokudla okulinganayo nabakhulu, ngakho banda kahle futhi bakhulise ngokuthula inzalo.

Kungavamile ukuthi i-capercaillie yamatshe, ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinyoni ezigciniwe. Unombala omnyama futhi udla ngokuyinhloko ukudla kokutshala. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-invertebrates abe yisisulu sayo. Amaphiko emadodeni kwezinye izimo adlula imitha eyodwa.

Injabulo enkulu ezokuvakasha yizimpawu zomculo. Lezi zilwane ngokuvamile "zishintsha phansi" emadwaleni asogwini. Abesabi abantu nhlobo, ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukuthwebula izithombe, bebe besondelene kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-ringed yisilwane esisodwa. Ikhetha ukuhlala nokuzingela ngokwehlukana nezihlobo zayo. Ngezinye izikhathi izivakashi zingabona iqembu lonke lalezi zilwane ezincane ezimnandi ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa. Kodwa ngokuvamile abantu ngabanye eqenjini elinjalo akuzona izihlobo futhi nje kwenzeka ukuthi bayedwala elifanayo.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakuhlelelwe ukugcinwa ukuze kuvikelwe izimvu zeqhwa. Lesi yisilwane esithakazelisayo kakhulu, esihlala emhlabeni wethu cishe cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu leminyaka. Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.

Inqama yeqhwa

Ngaphandle, inqama ayifani kakhulu nabantu bakubo. Unesakhiwo esivamile, futhi abesilisa abadluli imitha elilodwa lapho kubonakala khona. Inhloko yesilwane ayifani ngosayizi, izindlebe zivame ukucindezelwa ngokumelene ne-skull.

Abavubukuli basezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseKamchatka naseSakhalin babethole amathambo ezinqamu zeqhwa, kusukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane kuya kwekhulu. Kodwa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, indawo yokuhlala yesilwane nayo ishintshile kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinqama zihambisana nesimo sezulu, lapho isembozo seqhwa singadluli amasentimitha amane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isilwane ngeke sikwazi ukuthola ukudla futhi sife nendlala. Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kuncishise kakhulu inani lalezi zinhlobo, futhi indoda eyayiqothula ngokungenasici izilwane yabamba iqhaza layo.

Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, izimvu zeqhwa zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amathathu zezitshalo. Izidumbu zezilwane ziyizinyosi ezibolile ezinama microorganisms ahlukene. Isebenza njengomthombo wamaprotheni namavithamini.

Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule abantu bezimvu zeqhwa babeseduze nokuqothulwa. Kwezinye izindawo, imfuyo ayizange idlula abantu abangu-1 500. Ngenxa yemisebenzi esebenzayo kahulumeni, lezi zinhlobo zishintshe isimo sayo futhi manje zisengozini kakhulu. Eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule, imfuyo eRussia Federation kakade idlule izilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa.

Uma uthola wena eKhabarovsk Territory, sizokukwazisa ukuthi uvakashele i-Dzhugdzhursky Reserve. Lapha uzothola injabulo engakaze ibe khona kusukela ebunyeni nemvelo, ezokusekela ekuphileni okujwayelekile kwedolobha isikhathi eside.