Gobseck isithombe. Gobseck sithombe inoveli by Honoré de Balzac

inoveli okungenakufa yombhali French Honoré de Balzac "Gobsek" yalotshwa 1830. Udaba komkhiqizo kusekelwe ngokuphelele omunye imikhuba emibi abantu - ukuhaha, okuyinto ekupheleni ukuphila protagonist yaphenduka engenangqondo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indaba kwahlanganiswa ngumlobi umsebenzi enomthamo omningi "I-Human Comedy."

Umlando Omfushane kumbhali

Wazalelwa umbhali French e-Paris 20 Meyi, 1799. Ngokusho idatha oluchaza, uyise waba ngumlimi akhe mame was ongowokuzalwa onxiwankulu. Isiqalo yezinjinga "de" Honoré ukuqalisa usebenzisa ukukhululwa yaminyaka yonke "Gobsek" indaba yakhe, esifushanisiwe yazi ngawo uzokwazi kulesi sihloko.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ze-bachelor, Balzac waqala inkonzo yayo iminyaka emithathu e-ehhovisi ummeli olungisa izivumelwano sika. isiphakamiso kayise ukuvula umkhuba wakhe ingalandela ngokuqiniseka sichithiwe. Uthando lwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, wabona kuphela izincwadi. Kuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi imisebenzi guy abasha ayimeleli yiphi intshisekelo khona yabamemezeli.

ukubukeka ezicinene, uHonoré yayiswa ikota isinxibi waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha futhi isethwe ukuthi isebenze. Le noveli, okuyinto waqala ukubhala eminyakeni eminingi kamuva wakwenza ethandwa phakathi Ongoti izincwadi, kodwa a baxgeki wesikhathi okwalapha alimazanga endalweni yakhe.

Buyela umsebenzi yetemibhalo

Kusukela 1829 Balzac waqhubeka ukwakha amanoveli akhe awufi izindaba. Ebusuku ebhala, ukusekela inqwaba amabutho esibalulekile izinkomishi ikhofi black, futhi yokuphumula kusihlwa. Ebusuku Honoré usebenzisa ezingaphezu kweyodwa quill.

Leli "butho" Imodi ekugcineni iye yavuzwa, futhi incwadi imakwe ukunakekelwa ngenxa. Le noveli "shagreen" umbhali alethwe isihloko omunye wabalobi kakhulu isikhathi. Lokhu impumelelo enkulu uye waphefumulela umlobi abasebancane kakhulu, ngakho udale oludumile kakhulu onesihloko esithi "I-Human Comedy." Lalihlanganisa indaba "Gobsek", okuqukethwe okuyinto liseduze kakhulu izinhlamvu nezenzo ababephila ngesikhathi Balzac sika.

Inani Ukraine empilweni wombhali

Balzac lokuqala evakashela leli zwe ngo-1847. Lapha wayeshade Evelinoy Ganskoy, ngakho wayevame amazwe Ukraine. Baningi Tindzaba zalotshelwa kubo ngalezi zindawo ezimangalisayo, futhi omunye wabo iyona "Incwadi Kiev." Balzac babewahlonipha evundile lapho minyaka yonke ukuhlwanyela kakolweni, nhlobo avundise.

Njengoba ifa Ghana, uHonoré esiqotho ukuphila abalimi. Wakuthanda ukubukela namaqembu wabantu ayeya emsebenzini, ukucula ngesikhathi esifanayo iculo bajabule. Ngenxa yalokho lothando kombhali Ukraine kwaboniswa hhayi kuphela izinhlamvu eParis, kodwa noveli "The Abalimi".

emisha Balzac

Honoré ice abasha zokudala okusheshayo ekuqaleni izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amanoveli, umlando kanye nesazisi. Balzac akakaze balandela fashion ezincwadini European futhi wadala imisebenzi emzamweni ubabonise uhlobo abathile of umlingisi ngamunye, ezifana isithombe owaziwa Gobseck.

Umbhali ugxila cishe bekulokhu esakhiweni somphakathi wonxiwankulu besimanje, nazo zonke amaphutha ayo. Ukuba khona amakilasi social isikhathi, tikhungo tetenhlalo isimo sezenhlalo ayikwazanga ngokugcwele wadalula "Ucwaningo mayelana imikhuba" owabhala Balzac. "Gobsek" nabomalukazana babo nabo bangena kulo mjikelezo njengoba ebonakalisa ukuhaha nokuhaha komuntu.

"Human Comedy"

Naphezu njalo carping baxgeki Balzac akazange ayeke ukusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi, umlobi enquma ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wabo zibe yeqhawe ngokuthi "I-Human Comedy." Ngokusho umbhali, incwadi bekumele aqukethe indaba kungaba ukuchaza emphakathini wanamuhla, zonke imfanelo ekhona, igama - ukudala i Umdwebo yokuqala isikhathi sakhe.

Umjikelezo inezingxenye ezintathu, yakhula kakhulu iyona "Imidwebo yokuziphatha." Yena zenzeka isithombe wangempela France, lapho ayehlala khona Balzac. "Gobsek" ingenye yobuciko tetemibhalo, okuyinto elahlanganiswa "Etude".

isifinyezo

izinhlamvu Zonke Balzac sika basondela ngokucacile - abayikho esimnandi edidayo. Lokho sinjalo "Gobsek" protagonist yencwadi. Nciphisa indaba lapha ngenzansi, kodwa isifinyezo wokuthunyelwa ingxenye encane nje kuphela lokho okushiwo lapho umlobi wayefuna ukutshela umfundi.

Indaba iqala gumbi Vicomtesse de Grandlieu, oseneminyaka ngokuvakashela Ukubala Ernest De Resto futhi Derville. Lapho kuqala wabo bungasekho, uwayehlalise wayichaza indodakazi yakhe Camille, ukuze awukwazi ngqo ukukhombisa indawo enhle kakhulu igrafu, ngoba akukho omunye umkhaya waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha ngeke ufune Ganiselanani nabo. Ernest kwakungelona pair efanelekayo kwendodakazi yakhe, njengoba ukukhokha izikweletu.

Derville sinquma ukungenela e okwenzekayo ukuchaza izinto kweqiniso. Waqala indaba esekude, kokukhuluma lowo uhlangane Gobsek ngenkathi usengumfundi, walibiza ngokuthi isithombe cool segolide.

Ngenxa umbolekisi uxoxa indaba ngalamadoda ukulangazelela izikweletu nge Countess. Esaba ukuchayeka, wamupha wamadayimane, imali bill kwaba lover wakhe. Gobsek tye ethi lokhu Dandy kungonakalisa wonke umndeni wakhe.

Kamuva Derville waphenduka ezimhlophe Ukubala handsome Maksim De Tri ibuza sebelazi umbolekisi. Gobsek yena, ekuqaleni enqaba ukubala boleko umboleki ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ngokuphelele ezikweletini. Kodwa yomuntu obolekisayo kuziwa owesifazane nalo lonke amagugu umndeni futhi akungabazeki evuma zonke izimo. Konke lokhu wenza Countess lokuqola de uTrajan, owawungumnyaka ukuze uthumele imali kuye, ukuzibulala kwalokho okuthiwa enzeka.

Ngosuku olufanayo ukuthi Gobsek umyeni amakhefu ngenhla abesifazane bafuna ukubuya wamadayimane. Kunalokho, unikeza usurer konke enakho ukuze amsindise inkosikazi ongathembekile futhi lover wakhe. Lwathi luphela Derville wathi lokhu sigameko senzeke noyise, u-Ernest de Resto.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukubala nezibi. Umkakhe, ngesikhathi severs zonke izibopho Maxim bese enakekela umyeni wakhe. Usuku ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukusesha intando, wahlela ukunqotshwa ehhovisi salowo oshonile. Kodwa into embi ukwenza kwakuyizwi impikiswano evuthayo, ukungabi khona lapho Ukubala impahla zomufi ku yifa Gobseck. Derville wancenga umbolekisi emuva wonke umkhaya de resto, kodwa wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani.

Ekupheleni kwendaba, dovedavshis ukuthi uCamille futhi Ernest nithandane, Derville waya Gobsek futhi wathola ukuthi ukufa. Ekupheleni yempilo ukuhaha kwakhe egxile ngokuphelele. Indlu sagcwala eziningi ukudla ichithekile, ngenxa yokuthi akaqondi ukuthi ukuthengisa, owesaba ukuhlabana ezimbi. Gobseck isithombe - ubeqhakambisa uhlobo amandla okuzingela, okuyiyona ndlela umuntu ngokushesha okwenza isendleleni eya igolide namandla.

Indaba iphela yokuthi ummeli Derville Grandlieus ibika mayelana nokubuya okuseduze impahla elahlekile Comté de resto. lady Omkhulu enquma ukuthi Camilla Yayibizwa ayoba umka-Ernest.

Izimpawu hero

Gobseck isithombe kuyinto self-eziphikisa. I protagonist kuyinto ubuntu namandla, kanye elithile ngefilosofi kanye psychology. Kanye nalezi zici ukuhaha, meanness kukhohlisa kanye nelunya. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima we usurer esetshenziswa ukuba afinyelele imigomo ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Futhi isici Gobseck futhi isithombe sakhe kungabonwa ngokucacile ezitatimendeni nombhali we-ke. Balzac uchaza umlingiswa oyinhloko esinjengesomuntu-izikweletu. Ukuzaliseka lapho izwe okuzingela akuphilayo, kuye kwaholela ukuba inzalo. Futhi imali negolide, akudingekile ukuba khona zikanokusho, kodwa ukuvikela imizwa. Izici Gobseck kulekelelwa inkulumo encane ayeyithola, standard isethi ezomile emabintana engxoxweni namakhasimende. Ukubukeka kwaso sonke ubonisa ukwedelela abantu abacebile.

Okunye imisebenzi

Lapho esemusha, Honoré wazama ukungasinaki baxgeki ngokungafanele wathi, aqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. imisebenzi bokuqala babengabantu:

- inoveli "Shuany";

- "shagreen lesikhumba";

- "Gobsek";

- "Indlu ikati ukudlala ngebhola."

Balzac wafuna kukhombisa uhlobo abathile ngayinye uhlamvu. Maphakathi umsebenzi wakhe izinhlamvu yokuzicabangela, nokuphila nezenzo umphakathi wobunxiwankulu. Gobseck isithombe ozithandayo kule noveli wabonisa abafundi ukuthi ukuphila ingaba yinhlekelele, uma umuntu efuna ukubulala bonke ezinhle futhi babe obdiraloy soulless futhi isitoreji.