Frederic Chopin: biography yomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bekhulu le-XIX

F. Chopin, owaziwa ngaye namuhla isihloko esixoxa ngayo, ungumqambi onolwazi wasePoland nomdlali wepiyano. UFrederick wazalwa ngoMashi 1, 1810 edolobheni elincane eduze kwaseWarsaw. Ithenda yomculo yomfana yazibonakalisa ebusheni bayo: kakade eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, wayekujabulela ukudlala ipiyano, wazama ukuqamba umculo ngokwakhe. Indima ebalulekile kulokhu yadlala uthisha wakhe, uVi Zhivny.

Ukufunda nokuqala kwendlela

Lapho uFrederic ephendulela u-8, waqala ukusebenzela umphakathi njengomdlali wepiyano. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Chopin, owaziwayo njengomqambi uqala kakhulu kakhulu, usuvele ebhale izingcezu eziningana ze-polonaise kanye nenye yezindlela zakhe.

Kusukela ngo-1823 kuya ku-1826, uFrederic wafunda eWarsaw Lyceum, futhi ngokushesha wakwazi ukungena esikoleni se-Warsaw Higher School of Music. Cishe sonke leso sikhathi umqeqeshi wakhe nguYu. Elsner, uthisha onethalente nomculi. Kungenxa ngosizo lwakhe uCopin wabhala ngokuqala kwakhe, phakathi kwabo - ukuhlukahluka kwesihloko sikaMozart, Sonata wokuqala, noNocturne E encane, i-rondo (kubandakanya i-rondo yama pianos amabili).

Ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zakhe, uFrederic uya eVienna (1829), lapho enza imisebenzi yakhe emphakathini jikelele. Futhi ngemva konyaka, eWarsaw, ikhonsathi ezimele yahlelwa kuye, imaka ukuqala kochungechunge lwama-solo.

Isikhathi saseVienna

Ngokuqhubekayo F. Chopin, osengumlando wokucwaninga kwabacwaningi abaningi, uhambela eVienna isikhathi esithile (1830-1831). Lapha, ukuphila ngokoqobo kuqala ukubilisa: umqambi osemusha uvakashela amakhonsathi ahlukahlukene, ujwayele ukukhanya kwezwe lomculo ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvakashela amathiyetha, nokuvakashela njalo izindawo ezihle kakhulu zomuzi. Lesi simo simvumela ukuba adalule ithalenta lakhe ohlangothini olusha futhi amvuselele emisebenzini eminingi emangalisayo. I-autumn ka-1831 uFrederic uhlangana eStuttgart. Kulapha ukuthi uphethwe yizindaba zokuhluleka kokuvukela ePoland nokuwa kweWarsaw. Ngaphansi kokucabangela okukhulu kwezehlakalo ezimbi, umqambi wabhala lokho okubizwa ngegama elithi "revolutionary" e-Etude C encane, kanye nama-preludes amabili amanga kakhulu - D ezincane kanye nezingane ezincane. Uhlu lwemisebenzi yakhe luphinde lubuyele amakhonsathi amaningana wepiyano ne-orchestra, i-polonaise ye-cello ne-piano, izingoma zasePoland zamagama kaMikkiewicz noWitwicki nezinye izingoma eziningi ezinhle.

Life Boiling in Paris

Isigaba esilandelayo esilandelayo, esenzeka uFrederic Chopin, owaziwa ngaye kakade emlandweni waseVienna, impilo eParis. Kulapha ukuthi umculi nomculi baqala ukuhlanganyela eduze noLiszt, Bellini, Berlioz, Mendelssohn. Noma kunjalo, ububanzi bokuxhumana kwakhe abukhawulelwanga kumkhakha womsindo. Futhi uFrederic ujabulela ukukhuluma nabalobi abanekhono kanye nabadwebi be-brush - uHugo, uBalzac, uLamartine, uHeine, uDelacroix, J. Sand. Ngo-February 26, 1832, i-concert yokuqala yomqambi yenzeke eParis, lapho enza khona ikhonsathi yama pianos amabili, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-Don Juan ka-Mozart indaba ephathwayo.

Inani elikhulu lamakhonsathi lenzeke ngo-1833-1835. Kodwa isikhathi esivela ngo-1836 kuya ku-1837 saba yinqaba ekuphileni komuntu womqambi: ukusebenzisana noMaria Vodzinskaya kwakhanselwa, futhi uCoppin yena waba umngane noJ. Sand.

Isikhathi "segolide" emlandweni womsebenzi weChopin

Ukuphumelela kakhulu kwemisebenzi kaChopin kwakungu-1838-1846. Imisebenzi yakhe ephelele kakhulu futhi emangalisayo yanyatheliswa ngalesi sikhathi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-sonatas No. 2 no-3, i-ballads, i-polonaise-fantasy, i-scherzo, i-nocturnes, i-barcarole, i-polonaises, i-preludes, i-mazurkas, njll. U-Winter Frederic wayevame ukuchitha eParis yakhe ethandekayo, Indawo yeGeorges Sand. Ubusika obunye kuphela (1838-1839), uChopin waphoqeleka ukuba asebenzise eningizimu, e-Mallorca, ngenxa yempilo ebuhlungu. Njengoba esesesiqhingini saseSpain, wakwazi ukuqedela phambili okungaphezulu kuka-24.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila

Kwakunzima ngomqambi ngo-May 1844 - ngaleso sikhathi uyise washona, futhi ukufa kwakhe, uFrederic wathatha kanzima kakhulu. Ekugcineni, amandla akhe aphuka neJap Sand (1847), uthando lomphefumulo wakhe wonke. NgoNovemba 16, 1848, kusihlwa sasePoland eLondon, uChopin, owaziwa yilo biography osenhliziyweni, wabonakala okokugcina. Ngemva kwalokho, isimo sempilo asizange simvumele ukuba akhulume noma ahlanganyele nabafundi. Ebusika ngo-1849, ekugcineni uFrederic wawa. Ukunakekelwa kwabahlobo abathembekile, ngisho nokufika eParis kaLouis, udade othandekayo womqambi, akakwazanga ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwakhe, futhi ngemva kokufa kabuhlungu wafa. Kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 17, 1849.

Kuze kube yilolu suku, umnikelo uFrederic Chopin owenzile ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomculo uhlala uyigugu ngempela. I-Biography imfushane, ayikwazi ukuchaza zonke izikhathi ezimnandi zokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abaningi bezinto eziphilayo baye bazama ukuba neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bathole yonke indlela yalokhu ubuntu obungavamile. Phakathi kwabo - I. Khitrik, A. Solovtsov, L. Sinyavr, uL. A. Mazel.