Fodor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky: Ezinhlanu Zokuqala

Umqondo "Ezinhlanu Zokuqala" itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva iBhayibheli futhi kusho izincwadi ezinhlanu - izingxenye ezinhlanu, ukubaluleka zazo ngesintu nzima overestimate, ngoba - ekuqaleni yesambulo sikaNkulunkulu kumuntu. Futhi iyini 'nosuku olukhulu Dostoevsky Ezinhlanu Zokuqala "? Ingabe uphenyo ndawonye indima yayo nokubaluleka sezincwadi.

Dostoevsky futhi iqiniso

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuluma mayelana amanoveli ukuthi wabhala Dostoevsky (IziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala), ngifuna ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana ungubani kombhali. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphike ukuthi isikali izibalo Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo. Umsebenzi wakhe uye waba iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu, luhlala umthombo ongashi ucwaningo nokuthola zezilimi, abahlaziyi bemibhalo, izazi zefilosofi, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, abenzi mafilimu kanye nabanye abaningi. Konke lokhu ukhuluma wayeyisazi umbhali, kodwa nakakhulu - ukuthi kube yilolu suku hhayi isizixazululile ezinye imfihlo ezibalulekile zobuntu bakhe, umphefumulo, futhi ikakhulukazi lamazwi akhe. Nokho, ngeke, ngeke futhi akumelwe ingaxazululwa ngoba lifihliwe iqiniso, phezulu lapho, sengathi yeqhwa elintantayo, amehlo evulekile, futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi ingxenye engaqondakali. Kodwa yiso kanye lesi incomprehensibility luwumgogodla iqiniso futhi ngokuyisisekelo Dostoyevsky. NjengoFritz amazwi zakhe ziyimfihlakalo, engena ngokusebenzisa ingqondo nezinzwa, futhi unikeza ukuhlupheka ezijule kakhulu, futhi kusilethela injabulo enkulu, futhi ivula inhliziyo yomuntu kuNkulunkulu. Ngemva ke, njengoba emva Fyodor nezincwadi, ikakhulu ngemva amanoveli weziNcwadi Ezinhlanu, akunakwenzeka ukuba zinjalo. Akulona isambulo sikaNkulunkulu?

imibono lemcoka

Siyaqhubeka ukukhuluma mayelana imisebenzi wabhala Dostoevsky (IziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala). What esihlanganisa lezi amanoveli? Okokuqala, zalotshelwa ngamunye ngamunye esikhathini bokugcina bokuphila komlobi kusuka 1866 kuya 1880. Okulandelayo, futhi okubaluleke - zisekelwe imibono emibili - Nkulunkulu neRussia. Asinakusho ukuthi Fedor Mikhailovich akazange abhekise lezi zinkinga ngaphambili. Kunalokho, kwase kuyisikhathi eside harbored kubo, "zivule" wayefuna ukuma esiphelele ukuyiveza, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni kwakungekho "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - Incwadi yokuqala ochungechungeni "Omkhulu Ezinhlanu Zokuqala Dostoevsky" (uhlu elandelayo ngezansi). Kodwa lesi sigaba akazange ayeke. Umlobi omkhulu uzungeze kanye uya enye indlela. Ngenxa yalokho, ekukhanyeni inoveli yakhe entsha - ". I Idiot" Dostoevsky ukuthi inoveli yakhe engajabule ngoba engazange uzwakalise okweshumi kukho ukuthi zanqwabelana umphefumulo wakhe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, azange aphike, nabathandwayo, futhi baqhubeka ukucinga ukuphelela ...

umkhankaso omusha

Qhubekela uhlu lwezincwadi kufakwe Five Books Dostoevsky, ukuze. Ngo-1872 ibonakala noveli "Amademoni", lapho umbhali lalinethemba. Kuyo, wayefuna ukubona exponent enkulu imibono yabo, ngisho noma lokho kulimaza lowo nobuciko. Kamuva, le ncwadi ibhekwa ngelinye lamavesi abaluleke iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, noveli-isixwayiso, romance-okwanelisayo siprofetho, okuyinto, ngeshwa, abe ngokoqobo.

Ngokulandelayo, "Amanothi Lezwe" umagazini aphume inoveli "Ingane" (1875). Futhi uqeda chungechunge, eyabhalwa Dostoevsky (IziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala), umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi enamandla - "Abafowethu Karamazov" (1880). Ngaphezu kwakhe, wasebenza isikhathi eside kweminyaka emibili, futhi kuwo, ngokuvumelana izincwadi, emelela omunye imibono - ". Ekukhuleni okungokomoya" ezigabeni Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, ukuze umuntu ngamunye kanye Dostoevsky azihlukile e ngandlela-thile egcina izigaba ezintathu ngokulandelana kwazo kwetinhlavu ubuntu - yokungavuthwa (Dmitry), nokunqatshelwa nguZimu (Jwanisi), ingokomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu (Alyosha).

protagonists

Ngubani focus of Dostoevsky? Izinhlamvu main yochungechunge, eyabhalwa Dostoevsky (IziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala), - ke abantu abavamile abafuna injabulo. Kodwa ngokungafani "ndoda omncane" Pushkin futhi Gogol sika, kulendawo, abafundi kanye nezicukuthwane zigcwele amandla nokuzimisela ukuba zishintshe nezwe elalimzungezile. Injabulo ekuqondeni kwabo - lokhu akukona enjabulweni yesikhashana, hhayi ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zasemhlabeni, kwaneliswa nezifiso nezifiso, futhi ukufuna jikelele, oluphelele, injabulo bonke abantu emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile kulo mzamo benza amaphutha, bephule umthetho kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa isijeziso nokuphenduka azinakugwenywa. Ukuhlanza Kuyinto engacabangeki ngaphandle bridling nokuziqhenya, ngaphandle kokuphelelwa zabo "Mina", ukubulawa "Napoleon" siqu futhi ukwesula okwalandela. Abagxeki abaningi osolwa umbhali unya ngokweqile "izigceme" yakhe, okuyinto kokuba ehluphekile sokuhlushwa olushaqisayo futhi "ezingadingekile" ukuze sokuhlushwa. Nokho, Fyodor Mikhailovich, wabhekana babekezelela ekwindla nokuphenduka, uthi kule amanoveli weziNcwadi Ezinhlanu, ukuthi ngaphandle kwalolu indlela ukuze iqiniso, insindiso akunakwenzeka. Wayengekhona umsunguli imithetho engokomoya zomhlaba. Bona zitholwe uMsindisi, futhi kuphela ukhumbuza abantu ngazo.