Mavesi - ke ... Yini mavesi izincwadi? Mavesi ka Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin nezinye izimbongi

Mavesi Uyi uhlobo izinkondlo ephakathi, awasalayo ethandwa futhi izinkondlo of nangenkathi kamuva. abalobi ezahlukene wadala mavesi, ngokuvamile baphendukela leli vesi futhi izimbongi Russian.

Indlela mavesi akwenza

Italy kubhekwa lapho kwazalelwa mavesi. Igama elithi "Ivesi" lihunyushwa lisuselwa Italian ngokuthi "Igumbi" noma "stop." Station ku-isi-Italian Renaissance izakhiwo - igumbi lapho amaphepha ngemvume noma ukuqhuba imihlangano ebalulekile, ezifana esigaba della Senyatura. Ngaphakathi dalo futhi umhlobiso egumbini abathintekayo edumile Rafael uSanti.

Ngo ngala mavesi izincwadi - a esigaba, ngamunye ephethe incazelo yalo ekhethekile, okungukuthi, ivesi ngalinye elisha ongaqhubeki kulowo eyedlule, kodwa lonke ephelele. Omunye esigaba eveza yimuphi umqondo munye, kodwa lonke inkondlo mavesi kuthiwa organically bahlobene futhi ndawonye ukudala i wonke kwezobuciko.

Mavesi ezincwadini medieval

Ngakho, Italy wawuyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo mavesi, futhi kukhona avame ukusetshenziswa ukukhazimulisa amalungu asebukhosini. mavesi Okokuqala wabhala Andzhelo Politsiano, imbongi Italy, owaphila ngekhulu le-15, futhi zanikezelwa Dzhuliano Medichi. Ngo-Italian izincwadi mavesi - le nkondlo, esakhiwa mavesi ayisishiyagalombili ne imvumelwano.

mavesi ka Byron

Dzhordzh Gordon Byron - imbongi omkhulu waseBrithani, owaphila sikhathi sinye ka Pushkin. izinkondlo Byron sika sanikezelwa ukuziqhenya umoya womuntu, ubuhle nothando. Byron wathatha ingxenye kulokho kuvukela, kanye Carbonari amaGreki, futhi wabhala: "mavesi" lakhe 1820.

Kukhona mavesi ka Byron, anikezelwe Greece kanye emakhoneni amahle yemvelo ngesiGreki. Isihloko mavesi yakhe - uthando owesifazane ngesiGreki enhle, futhi umzabalazo lesiGreki elisho zenkululeko nokuzibusa. izinkondlo Byron sika yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-umsebenzi Pushkin.

Mavesi izinkondlo Russian

Mavesi - uhlobo okuyinto izinkondlo Russian waqala ukuba nazo ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ezincwadini isiRashiya, le nkondlo kancane, esakhiwa quatrains, futhi iningi lingakanani - kuba tetrameter iambic. Mavesi ezincwadini Russian enikelwe uthando ikakhulukazi lyrical entombazaneni esencane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi baye zihlotshaniswa ngempumelelo usikompilo nenhlalo empilweni yezwe, ezifana Pushkin mavesi.

mavesi ka Pushkin

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin wabhala iziphakamiso zakhe ezidumile "mavesi" ekwindla ka 1827. Kulesi umsebenzi, okuyinto esiye saxoxa kaningi, kukhona isithombe sikaPeter Omkhulu, umbusi abadumile Russian.

Ukubukeka le nkondlo ehlangene Ekuqaleni kokubusa Nicholas. Pushkin, "mavesi" okuyinto embonga kombuso, enethemba lokuthi le nkosi kuzoshintsha izimpilo zabantu abavamile zibe ngcono. Uma senza kanjalo, uNicholas mina , begade anethemba lokobana uzomsiza athobe Pushkin intsha inhliziyo. Wasikisela Pushkin usizo ekushintsheni luhlelo lwemfundvo nekucecesha.

"Mavesi" uqhathanise mithi ezimbili: sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi umzukulu wakhe Nicholas. Ideal for Pushkin uPetru. Le nkosi wayeyisisebenzi weqiniso, engakwenqeni yimuphi umsebenzi. Waphinde waba itilosi nezifundiswa, futhi umbazi. Izinsuku lapho imithetho sikaPeter Omkhulu, ngokuvumelana Pushkin, wenza Russia waba namandla amakhulu. Nakuba le nkosi, labasithibeza ekuqaleni ukhona kusondele engabazisayo, kodwa kamuva ngosizo Russia wayesengaba okukhulu. Peter njalo wafundelwa futhi wenza ukufunda abanye, ayeyisebenzela inkazimulo ezweni labo.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, "mavesi" owaba imisebenzi abadumile ezincwadini Russian ubiza uMbusi uNicholas mina ukuphinda feat sikaPetru ukuletha Russia ezingeni elisha.

Ngaphandle "Stans", cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, imbongi wabhala inkondlo "Abangane" futhi "umProfethi?". Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi zontathu lezi izinkondlo yakha uchungechunge olulodwa, futhi izoshicilelwa "eMoscow iGazethi" umagazini e 1828. Kodwa Pushkin luthemba akuzange kube njalo: i-emperor yenqabela ukushicilelwa izinkondlo zakhe, njengoba Pushkin wathi Russian iSikhulu Samaphoyisa Benkendorf.

Lermontov mavesi

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov ingenye abaculi oluvelele kakhulu izinkondlo Russian. Uyini esigaba, Lermontov wafunda ngemva kokufunda izinkondlo English, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Byron.

Mavesi kukhona Lermontov nkondlo ngokuthi ezincane, okuyinto hhayi kuchazwe izici uhlobo. Eminyakeni 1830-1831 Lermontov wabhala izinkondlo eziyisithupha ukuthi ukuma avamile angachazwa ngokuthi mavesi. indaba ephathwayo ngokuyinhloko uthando lwezithandani, ezinkondlweni insizwa iphendula othandekayo wakhe. Lermontov, mavesi okuyinto wazithatha bedle imisebenzi Dzhona Bayrona "mavesi ukuze Augusta" yaba nethonya isiko kwezincwadi ukubhala imisebenzi enjalo ngemva kwakhe.

inkondlo Lermontov yagcwalisa nokudabuka protagonist, ubani obona nokulwela usizi kokuphila kwakhe kwasemhlabeni, amaphupho ngokunye ukuphila. Imbongi ubhala mayelana nesizungu kuleli zwe uzifanisa idwala esikwazi ukumelana ukumelana nomoya kanye neziphepho, kodwa awukwazi bazivikele ephakama umbala amatshe. Mikhail Lermontov, ogama mavesi ukuyiveza kahle yalelozwe imbongi, waba yisibonelo nabanye abadali abaningi izincwadi Russian.

mavesi Ann

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky okubhekwa 'dada izincwadi Russian. " Babona ithalente yabo olusankondlo eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-48, Innokentiy Annensky waba umdali esivelele etemibhalo. inkondlo yakhe "mavesi kobusuku" laliyisenzakalo ebonakalako izincwadi wesimanje. Okuqukethwe kwalo - okubhekwe umhlangano othandekayo wakhe, obezakuza e ezinzulwini zobusuku. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkondlo zakhe has enibaziyo izinkondlo of the Impressionists, ngokukhethekile, ne imidwebo ka Claude Monet.

mavesi esenina

Sergey Aleksandrovich Esenin baba omele ukungena kwezincwadi ezintsha Russian, okwakuthatha ohlangothini amandla Soviet. Wasekela ngokugcwele Okthoba Revolution, kanye nayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe ahloselwe usekela pop ke isimiso samaSoviet, ukusekela imisebenzi leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, nazo ziba nezici zabo.

Ngenkathi Baku, Azerbaijan, imbongi waqala ngokubhala "mavesi". Yesenin yena ukhuluma lokhu enkondlweni: wayekhetha ukuhamba eMoscow ezidalwa ukungaqondi kahle namaphoyisa. Kodwa, siqaphela amaphutha ayo ( "makwenzeke ngezinye izikhathi mina odakiwe"), futhi Yesenin wabhala ukuthi lo msebenzi wakhe - ukucula amantombazane, izinkanyezi nenyanga, futhi igama Lenin futhi Marx. Uyaphika kwethonya Amabutho asezulwini emphakathini wesintu. Abantu ngokwabo kumelwe eyakhelwe phezu kwezwe, kusho umbhali nkondlo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka wenze yonke namandla zezimboni.

Yesenin hhayi ngephutha emnike umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi "mavesi", le nkondlo kusobala kwenanela Pushkin sika "mavesi." Yesenin khona Admirer of Pushkin, ebeka izimbali lesikhumbuzo yakhe. Kodwa Yesenin wacabanga ngala mavesi - akulona uhlobo uthando izinkondlo, njengoba kuyindlela yokubonisa isikhundla sabo nezomphakathi.

"Mavesi" esenina kungukuthi wahlangana ukwamukelwa abaholi beqembu ababefuna ukubona e imbongi Yesenin ngokuphelele party, anikezelwe izimiso inguquko. Kodwa le nkondlo kumaka ithuba imbongi kusukela "Thaberne eMoscow" ukuba ngokoqobo abasha baseSoviet. Ngakho uthi abagxeki abaningi. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi asabela ngayo ngentshiseko magazini abasebenzi "Red Virgin Inhlabathi ', ezaba nomuzwa wokuthi Yesenin, ekugcineni, ngempela, wakhe imbongi Soviet. I isiqondiso lesifanele imbongi kubhekwa umphumela imiphumela emihle sezulu Baku, lapho ayehlala khona, futhi ubungane Petrom Ivanovichem Chaginym.

mavesi Brodsky

Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky kwaba imbongi oluvelele Russian, okuyinto ngokulinganayo okungewakho izilimi isiRashiya nesiNgisi. Wanqoba uMklomelo KaNobel at ayesemncane - engu-47.

Njengoba ayezalelwe Petersburg, wayephila lokuqala eRussia, bese-United States. Kuzo zonke izinkondlo zakhe kubaneka Petersburg, ngokuvamile wona kanye lo muzi ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso umsebenzi adumile "mavesi edolobheni."

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene yencwadi "okusha mavesi ukuze Augusta" njani kutsi lomsebenti wayevame ukusebenzisa amayunithi lucebe ezifana amagama Marie Telemachus, futhi amagama "Mma", "othandekayo", "umngane". Indawo lapho uya eyinhloko "mavesi okusha ukuze Augusta" - lover olindayo umngane wakhe. Ukuze ubuso bakhe bonke izingcingo mnene imbongi. Ngokusho izinkondlo Brodsky sika kungenziwa bahlulelwe mavesi anjalo esikhathini izincwadi. Uhlamvu emaphakathi hero Brodsky sika lyrical Kubalulekile futhi izinkondlo zakhe besekudingisweni motif.

Ukuqoqwa "okusha mavesi ukuze Augusta" sanikezelwa Marii Basmanovoy. It efakiwe hhayi kuphela izithombe lyrical namaqhawe, kodwa futhi izifundo. Sinenkosi kuwumfuziselo. iqhawe Lyrical unika intombi yakhe indandatho nge oluluhlaza. Turquoise - itshe, abenziwe ngamathambo abantu. The hero ucela othandekayo wakhe ukugqoka leli tshe phezu ring umunwe.

Enkondlweni "Nocezu le kukankosikazi," umlobi ihlola silulumagama zasolwandle. Igama lakhe Othandiweyo Marina, ngakho unaka ngokukhethekile ukuba izilwane zasolwandle indaba ephathwayo.

Inkondlo "Ebusuku Flight" Sizokwenza ukuhamba isisu indiza, futhi imbongi uyavuma ukuthi ngifuna ukuya e-Asia Ephakathi. Ukuhamba ngendiza ngoba linencazelo double - kuba ukubalekela kwelinye ukuphila, futhi uhambo bambona evusiwe. Imbongi esifisa akunjalo, lapho kungekho khona usizi nokuhlupheka.