HBC - ke ... ukwakhiwa Ezezindlu co-op. Ukwakhiwa yokuhlala emafulethini

HBC - wokubambisana izindlu, okuyinto wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela, abantu kanye nezinhlangano ukuze ukwakha emafulethini.

Umlando ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlu ama cooperatives

HBC - kuba impela ubudala futhi isikimu efakazelwe ukwakhiwa yokuhlala emafulethini. Ukubukeka izindlu ama cooperatives lokuqala basonta 1920. Nokho, naphezu ukuthandwa elikhula ngokushesha, ngo-1937, leli washi ingena ekucwileni, okungukuthi. Ukuze. Ingabe ibonakalisa yangasese. Ngo-1957, i-co-operative wetetindlu Reborn bese uba okwandile. In the 80s efana ukwakhiwa yokuhlala emafulethini kwaba cishe 8%.

Emphakathini wanamuhla, uhlelo operatives amandla amasha buthola umfutho. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa e Moscow ingcebo Onjiniyela, abangakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo ukuba abanikazi nokulingana. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi isinyathelo we abathengi ukukhohliswa kukhona izindlu ama cooperatives, okuyinto idluliselwe wonke amalungelo kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa.

nesisekelo esingokomthetho

Okwamanje, lomthetho ulawula imisebenzi HBC, imithetho izindlu. Igama elithi "umphakathi wokwakha" sikwenza kucace ukuthi kuchaziwe Art. 110 we Ezezindlu Ikhodi WaseRussia. Imibandela sokudalwa, inhlangano futhi imithetho iqhaza HBC ethulwa:

• esigabeni 5 we Ezezindlu Ikhodi WaseRussia (RF LC) ;
• e-Code Civil (the Civil Code);
• kulesi siVumelwano le co-op, esungulwe ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo Ikhodi ezeZindlu Code Civil.

Nokho, akubona bonke HBC - ke okuhlelwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje cooperatives. Abaningi babo benza imisebenzi yabo awahloniphi ngisho nezidingo eziyisisekelo Ikhodi Ezezindlu, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kukhona ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abahlanganyeli HBC. Ukuze ugweme izimo ezinjalo, kufanele ngokuphelele ukuqonda zonke amaphuzu cooperatives.

Ukusungulwa inhlangano imisebenzi

amalungu HBC ngumthetho akukwazi esingaphansi emihlanu. Nokho, inani lamalunga lize le co-op kumele singeqi inani ezindlini e elalisanda kwakhiwa noma uthenge isakhiwo. Emhlanganweni jikelele isinqumo kumiswa wokubambisana izindlu. Lo mcimbi ingase ubuhanjelwe abantu abazimisele nibuthana ukuba umakhele indlu. Umhlangano futhi senzeka ukuvunyelwa Charter of HBC. Emva ukubhaliswa isimo ngokuBambisana ukuthola isimo engokomthetho abahlanganyeli abavowudele ukudalwa wokubambisana babe amalungu HBC. HBC abasunguli ukuhlangana isinqumo eqoshiwe.

Charter kwezindlu wokubambisana

Charter HBC, ngokuvumelana Art. 113 Ikhodi Ezezindlu, kumele iqukathe idatha emayelana igama le co-op, indawo yayo, ngale ndaba, futhi injongo umsebenzi kuncike, imithetho abe ilungu HBC, kwesokudla kuyo, ngobukhulu emnyango futhi wabelane izimali, izintela ezahlukene kanye nezimali, ukwakheka kanye nemithetho le co-op abaphathi zazishintsha zaba nemizimba ukuze ulawule iziphathimandla izixazululo ezahlukene, kungenzeka ukumboza ukulahlekelwa kuzona kanye imithetho kabusha noma ekucwileni ezikweletini kwanoma wokubambisana. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Charter ingaqukatha nezinye izinhlinzeko ukuthi awaphikisani imithetho esebenzayo WaseRussia.

Izidumbu zabantu abangu-iBhodi

Ngokusho Art. 115 LCD Russian iziphathimandla HBC yilezi:

• umhlangano jikelele wonke amalungu wokubambisana;
• uma isibalo salabo akhona emhlanganweni ezingaphezu kuka-50, futhi kulotshiwe kulesi siVumelwano le co-op - inkomfa;
• emizimbeni kweBhodi futhi Usihlalo HBC.

Umhlangano jikelele amalungu wokubambisana

Umhlangano jikelele amalungu wokubambisana (inkomfa) yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke ebusayo. It is obize ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko enqunyiwe kulesi siVumelwano. Likhono ophakeme ukuphathwa umzimba futhi zibuswa Charter le co-op izindlu.

Umhlangano amalungu isebenza, uma ohanjelwa iningi wonke amalungu wokubambisana. Isinqumo ayikwazi amukela uma 50% noma ngaphezulu alabo abakhona emhlanganweni wavumelana nalokho isiphakamiso enixoxa ngalo. Wamukele futhi ebekiwe isinqumo olandelwayo kuphoqelekile wonke amalungu lenhlangano yokwakha.

Ukuphathwa idivayisi nokulawula emizimbeni nazo akhethwe emhlanganweni jikelele amalungu amalungu izindlu co-op. Imithwalo Yemfanelo ebhodini kanye nemithetho ekuthathweni kwezinqumo enganyelwe sisekelo wokubambisana, imithetho, iziqondiso kanye namanye amaphepha emvume yangaphakathi. HCC IBhodi inelungelo iqondise imisebenzi le co-op futhi ikhetha phakathi kwamalungu aso usihlalo. Amachibi weBhodi HBC ziphendula kulo umhlangano jikelele amalungu wokubambisana.

Ukulingisa Usihlalo HBC

Usihlalo webhodi ukwakhiwa le co-op:

• ubophekile ukuqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka isinqumo seBhodi;
• ukuvikela izithakazelo le co-op, ukwenza amadili ngaphandle amandla ommeli ukuthi enze egameni lomuntu wonke amalungu wokubambisana;
• It has ezinye namandla hhayi ngomthwalo wemfanelo wezinsizwa umhlangano jikelele amalungu HBC, noma ngaphandle kokubusa kwakhe.

Ingqikithi yalo Commission Audit

Ukuze ulawule imisebenti yetemnotfo kanye yokukhokha wokubambisana ayokhethelwa yikomiti ekhethekile kuhlaziywe ihlandla esingeqile eminyakeni 3. Inombolo yamalungu, ilungu layo, bababonisa kulesi siVumelwano le co-op. Amalungu eKhomishani Audit angeke abanezikhundla eziphezulu ku HBC kanye nenani ekwakheni imiphakathi kwezinye izindikimba ezilawulayo.

USihlalo weKomidi Labacwaningi Bamabhuku ayokhethelwa ngamalungu ayo kusukela isakhiwo ekhona. Imithwalo audit zihlanganisa:

• saminyaka yonke ukubalwa kwezimali kwezomnotho-ekubalweni imisebenzi wokubambisana;
• ukulungiswa imicabango yabantu ngesabelomali, ukusetshenziswa target kwezimali, umbiko wonyaka kanye neminikelo saziso;
• ukubika ngemisebenti yayo emhlanganweni jikelele amalungu.

Mabhuku Unelungelo ahlole imisebenzi yezimali kanye accounting kokwakhiwa wokubambisana nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi ukufinyelela khulula kuwo wonke amabhuku sangaphakathi HBC. Ukusebenza kanye namandla we-Commission Audit lelipelwe kulesi siVumelwano le co-op.

Ubulungu kule HBC

Ukuze abe ilungu HBC kudingeka zisebenze ibhodi izindlu wokubambisana. Ngaphambi unikwa inyanga eyodwa ikhalenda. Isinqumo esithathwe emhlanganweni ojwayelekile futhi ezilotshwe olufanele dokhumenti (olandelwayo). isimo ilungu HBC lutholwa ngemuva kokukhokha imali yokungena. Ilungu le-HBC ingaqinisekisa labahlanganyela ngayo isitifiketi co-op izindlu (akhiphe), okuyinto ekhishwe ngokusho kwesitatimende sakhe.

Mshini izindlu esebenzisa HBC

Ngemva imvume Charter emhlanganweni jikelele amalungu HBC wokwakha umphakathi kumelwe ibhekane ukubhaliswa isimo kuphoqelekile yokufuna ubuntu zomthetho. Ngokulandelayo, ukwakhiwa CAV wesifunda Kwenzeka ngezigaba:

• Isigaba 1 - imibhalo yokubhalisa we Isiqinti esibiza amalungelo ukwakhiwa. HBC kufanele uzilungiselele ngokuhambisana nemithetho ezisemadolobheni ethuthukiswayo uhlelo futhi ulungiselele imibhalo project. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele bazithobe iziphathimandla abanekhono elikhiphe imvume yokwakha. Lo mbhalo ubufakazi zomthetho ukuthi imibhalo project oluhambisana ukuthuthukiswa uhlelo lwedolobha umhlaba futhi ivumela ukuqala ukwakhiwa emafulethini.
• Isigaba 2 - ukuklama kwezimvume design isakhiwo yokuhlala kanye namakhono. Ubude izinqubo izinyanga 4-12. Kungcono ukuphathisa ukugcwaliseka third-party inhlangano yabo ukuthi owake wabhekana izindlu co-op.
• Isigaba 3 - ukwakhiwa yokuhlala emafulethini. I co-op unelungelo ukubandakanya ekwakhiweni inqubo wokwakha: ukuqasha osonkontileka ukuqaphela inqubekelaphambili ukubamba amathenda. Kodwa abantu ukwenza kube nzima ngempela ngaphandle imfundo professional. Manje emakethe emelelwa eziningi izinkampani ezinikeza usizo uchwepheshe ama cooperatives ezinjalo.
• Isigaba 4 - batheleke emzini msebenzi. Lapho beqeda lenhlangano yokwakha kufanele uthole imvume angene endlini ukusebenza. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye wonke amalungu HBC ungenza ubunikazi izindlu.

kwezingozi ezihlobene iqhaza HBC

Ukuba yilungu HBC, umuntu angase abe nazo izingozi ezithile:

1. Ubungozi eyinhloko ukuthi injongo eyinhloko ukudalwa izindlu co-operative, nganoma isiphi isizathu, angeke izuzwe (the nokwenqatshwa kokunikezwa izimvume, izinkinga zezimali, njll).
2. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali nezimpahla zokwakha ukwazisa kanye nabasebenzi.
3. Ingozi ukwehluleka kwezidingo zokukhokha endlini ukusebenza. Futhi HBC ukuze amalungu ayo ukubophezeleka ke ngeke.
4. Onjiniyela noma zimali ningayeki iziqinisekiso ngokuphathelene ukunikezelwa kwezindlu.
5. Ukulawula ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali kunemnotfo Kwenziwa ekomidini lokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, okuyinto likhethwa emhlanganweni jikelele. umzimba State ezikhethekile sishoda.
6. Ukusatshalaliswa amafulethi phakathi kwamalungu HCC kwenzeka emhlanganweni jikelele futhi kusukela wokubambisana ilungu izifiso izimele.
7. Moscow onjiniyela, isibonelo, yakha izindleko yokugcina efulethini esekelwe izindleko yokukhangisa, izisebenzi yesondlo kanye nezinye izinkokhelo. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu kuza ngentengo umthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho osekushiwo, isakhamuzi akakwazi ukulawula ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu futhi inqubo ukwakhiwa uqobo.

Izinzuzo zokujoyina lo HBC

1. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngo HBC uhlelo - lena Ukonga okukhulu kwezimali. Ngokwezibalo, ingenhlangano kwezindlu wokubambisana, ungagcina mayelana 50% ukuthengwa kwezindlu.

2. zokwakha ezibamba babe obala ngokugcwele kanye nokuheha izimali imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ngezimali izigaba zokwakha kanye izitolimende inganikelwa hhayi kuphela kuze kuphele isikhathi sokwakha indlu, kodwa futhi ukuze isikhathi ngemuva kokuphela ukwakhiwa.

HBC ezweni lanamuhla

Kuze kube manje, wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela, abantu abanazo ngenjongo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kukalutshwana kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umthetho akuvimbeli ukudalwa HBC, ukwakhiwa eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo ngaphansi kohlelo iyathandwa ikakhulukazi phakathi amabhizinisi ezinkulu abathanda ekuhlinzekeni abasebenzi babo ezindlini.

Ngakho, ukuhlela wokubambisana izindlu, kunengqondo abasebenzi nezinhlangano kokuba ezifanele ukwesekwa mhlahlandlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bekwazi ukukusindisa emehlukweni ohlangana intengo emakethe futhi izindleko izindlu, okuyinto ethatha umakhi.

Endabeni yokufuna amafulethi ngalo mshini yezakhamuzi HCC kukhona ezivikelwe ebantwini izehlakalo ahlukahlukene. Uma unjiniyela limenyezelwe ezikweletini, bamasheya bakhululekile bahlanganyele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo.

Muva nje, inani izinkampani zokwakha ukusebenza isimiso HBC, ingeqi 15%. Okwamanje, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu izindlu eRussia yaqaphela ngaphansi kwalesi sikhwama.

Okufanele funa uma uthenga amafulethi HBC

Ngokwezibalo, esinye sezici eziyinhloko enomthelela kukhethwa izindlu akulona ifomu yesivumelwano, hhayi ukutholakala ingqalasizinda ezingomakhelwane endlini, nedumela yonjiniyela, isipiliyoni sakhe ekwakhiweni emafulethini, imigomo ekukhokhweni efulethini.

Nokho, uma umuntu uye wanquma ukujoyina HBC, udinga ukuba banake amaphuzu ezibalulekile eziningana:

• Hlola sivumelwano utshalomali phakathi inkampani ukwakhiwa kanye HBC. Kungcono uma co-op uqobo uba unjiniyela. Kulokhu, HBC has babopheleke ukwakhiwa multi-storey izakhiwo.
• Hlola lonke amadokhumenti omthetho: semvume esakhiweni, yokuqasha umhlaba noma ilungelo lokuhlala ubunikazi.
• Azijwayeze Charter of the HBC. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe nemibandela entry kanye ophumayo kusukela wokubambisana. Futhi ku-oda yokukhokha eminikelo futhi kokuthola efulethini.

Uma wonke amadokhumenti ngenhla zicacile futhi esobala, kuphephile ukuphetha ngokuthi isivumelwano ne wokubambisana.