Ubukhulu ezinezinkondlo: uwuchaza kanjani? Amagama Ubukhulu olusankondlo

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukubhekana umbuzo kanjani ukuthola ubukhulu imigqa zezinkondlo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lena syllabic-tonic uhlelo versification lapho isici sokunquma iyona stop. Lena isici latiphindzako, esakhiwa ethile ukushaqeka kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu unstressed. Unyawo kwakuvele kwaziwa endulo, kodwa wayengekho lapho kusukela amaqoqo ecindezelekile futhi unstressed, futhi isikhathi eside futhi esifushane.

Ubukhulu kunqunywa uhlobo nenani kwabhoboka unyawo evesini (ivesi umugqa). Omunye ezivamile amaphutha okubekwe ngayo - umusho tautological "ubukhulu olusankondlo leli vesi." Lokhu ibinzana kungaba ngokuvamile ukuzwa avela kubafundi ngisho ngothisha, ngendlela engalungile, nakuba kuvamile impela. Usayizi vesi Okokuthola olusankondlo, ngakho ukugula ukubuza, "Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngibe ukucacisa ubukhulu vesi inkondlo?" - "? Indlela ukunquma ubukhulu umugqa" ukukhuluma kahle

ngezinyawo disyllabic

Ubunjalo unyawo zincike Ubukhulu senkondlo. Indlela ukunquma ubunjalo izinyawo, utshela ukumemeza amavesi irekhodi njengoba isifunda ukucacisa indawo uhlamvu olunophawana ngamunye isici latiphindzako nkondlo.

izitobhi Dissyllabic aqukethe amaqoqo amabili (okusho ukuthi isici iyaphindwa njalo amaqoqo amabili).

Uma uhlamvu lokuqala okuphindaphindiwe isici percussive, kanti eyesibili - unstressed, ukuthi ke ferrets. izikhathi eziningana yanele ukuba ukuphinda yimuphi chorea izwi (ehlobo, ekwindla), ukuzizwa umsindo ekhwayeni. Ferrets zivamile kakhulu izinkondlo futhi njengoba abafundi imisebenzi abalobi wesimanje ezaziwayo, kanye imisebenzi zabuna. amavesi Trochaic kukhona isici kakhulu izinkondlo, aqondiswa ku izingane:

Kwake kwathi ngo-imbongolo ekwindla Osia

ubuthongo ebusuku embi kakhulu.

Futhi lapho iwashi wamshaya ayisishiyagalombili,

Imbongolo Osia ngeke ngikwazi ukuvuka ... (Chebyshev A.)

Hedgehog Honya kwaba demure,

Hedgehog Honya ekujaheni.

Ngolunye usuku inhloli Honya

Ukuze amanzi ukuze uya wanquma ... (Chebyshev A.)

Bath usuku ngesikhathi bug.

enzima kakhulu kuye:

Kuyadingeka ukugeza ihembe

Ageze ... (Chebyshev A.)

Uma ukushaqeka onyaweni kuyinto ilunga yesibili, kuyinto pentameter. amavesi Iambic akuzona njengoba ethandwa.

I kitten kwaba Fluffy

Futhi Naughty kakhulu.

Wagijima ngokushesha okukhulu

Ikati kanye nami.

Emuva inja izimbungulu

Wayevame yanukubezwa ...

Futhi uma uthatha ipeni,

Purred esalele. (A Chebyshev)

Ukuze "ukuzwa" uzwakale pentameter, uphinda iambic noma yiliphi igama ngokwanele (entwasahlobo imfiva). Pentameter kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa umsindo Pushkin sika "Evgeniya Onegina".

emithathu nohlamvu unyawo

ngezinyawo ternary sakhiwa ngokulandelana amaqoqo ezinhlamvu ezintathu, esinye sazo - ngowokuqala, lesibili noma lesithathu - uyozisola.

Uma impactor nohlamvu lokuqala, ubizwa ngokuthi dactyl. Ukuze "ukuzwa" dactyl, ukuphinda noma yiliphi igama dactylic kwanele (ngokujabula, ngokudabukisayo). Dactyl uvame kakhulu izinkondlo isiRashiya, kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana kancane njalo futhi chorea iambic.

Abathathu abane, futhi ezimbili imvubu

Sahlangana ezimbili futhi ezine indlovu.

Okulandelayo - a - kwaba ixhaphozi,

Ababili - kungcono emfuleni.

Namasundu - eyodwa.

Kwamathathu kanye nowesifazane oyedwa uBehemoti wathi:

"Sawubona, sibe izingalo ezimbili ezine indlovu."

Zonke ezinye ilele ngaphansi wesundu.

Babebaningi,

A entendeni - eyodwa. (A Chebyshev)

Uma uhlamvu wagcizelela - yesibili, ukuthi ke amphibrach. Ngemva ngokuphinda igama amphibrachic (bomdabu, inja, nemvelo) Kulula ukuzizwa resonance amphibrach ekhethekile. igama Amphibrachic of umlingiswa oqanjiwe Pupusika kuchazwe umsindo umjikelezo yamahlaya izinkondlo Andrei Chebyshev "pupusik Economic nesishiyagalombili ayizindunduma nusik":

... Uma pupusik Vodichev izimbali,

A nusiki olinganise amanzi embizeni,

Senza isiqiniseko sokuthi awusebenzi skhimichil

Futhi zonke imbiza ngokuphindaphindiwe Vodice ...

... Uma pupusik omisiwe kwasemini

Futhi khumbula ukuthi idlanzana usawoti noma cha.

A syamknuli nusiki: "Musa trumbambol!

Emuva e usawoti le Buba ubudala zachuhlilas ... "

... Uma pupusik kuzyunilsya nomngane,

Kungazelelwe elikhulu nusiki ukwethuka vzvyaknuli:

"Pupusik! Pupusik! Akasiye umngane!

Bheka indlela amehlo ezidwengulayo emhlabeni!

Akadlanga ezintathu konfyushki futhi blyambochek eziyisithupha.

A nusiki ngalobo busuku lapho kuyoba? .. "

Kuleso simo, uma ukushaqeka kuyinto ilunga wesithathu inkulumo ezintathu mayelana anapaest. Ukuzizwa anapaest kungaba izikhathi eziningana ukuphinda yimuphi anapestovoe izwi (idolobha, ezine).

... futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngeSonto.

Futhi ungeke bazitike namuhla,

Ngoba lapho uvuko

Asidingi ukusheshe sivuke.

Umama, ubaba hhayi alamu,

Njengoba-ke namuhla, ukufunga ekuseni ...

Futhi kodwa enginakho efrijini

amaqanda nenhlanzi ezihlwabusayo kakhulu.

Futhi izolo, ovukweni entwasahlobo -

Kukhona izindlovu namanje ithengiswe -

Nge umama-to-ubaba wahamba nathi imindeni

Babenezincwadi ... Serezhka Panov (A. Chebyshev)

Lawa ezinhlanu ezivame kakhulu, stop zakudala. I zabuna Russian e bajwayele ikakhulu, futhi ukuthola ubukhulu edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa senkondlo. Indlela ukucacisa kakhulu ubukhulu, hhayi nje uhlobo ngezinyawo, kuyothiwa kuchaziwe ngezansi.

ngezinyawo Quadrisyllabic (peons)

izinkondlo Russian futhi uyazi emine ilunga ngezinyawo, bebizwa peons. Uma uhlamvu lokuqala, isitaki ibizwa ngokuthi mina peony, uma yesibili, khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, peony II, nokunye. Nokho Peons udidekile kalula pentameter iambic, noma, uma ulalele, ngomsindo wabo uhlukile. Njengengxenye yezifundo zezikole ngokuyinhloko ukhuluma ngani izinyawo zakudala - dvuslozhnikah futhi trehslozhnikah.

ngezinyawo Pentasyllabic (peptones)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka unyawo pentasyllabic noma pyatidolniki noma peptones. Lezi izitobhi ingatholakala Russian Folk izinkondlo, noma stylization yayo. I pyatislozhniki kabanzi uthenge kakhulu lwesithathu wagcizelela ilunga: "kanjani unina, emhlabeni manzi ..." Umsindo peptone III ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi ezimnandi, ajwayelekile kwabaningi epics Russian ngempela.

Isibalo stop evesini

Misa Ubukhulu olusankondlo bazimisele. Indlela ukucacisa uhlobo ngezinyawo, nokho ezichazwe ngenhla, ukuze ubone ukuthi ubukhulu inkondlo kulotshiwe, ulwazi uhlobo unyawo akwanele. Misa - lena iyunithi ukuthi ulinganisa ubukhulu. Isenzo yesibili, okuyilona elidingekayo ukwenza - ukubala okulenyawo ezinengi kanjani amafomu, umugqa yevesi (ivesi).

amagama Lungile Ubukhulu olusankondlo ngakho kuzwakale sengathi lokhu: "ferrets trisyllabic" (inombolo izinyawo trochaic ilandelana - ezintathu), "pentameter pentasyllabic" (inombolo izinyawo iambic emugqeni - emihlanu), "anapaest disyllabic" (inombolo anapestovyh ayeke ilandelana - .. amabili), njll iphutha ejwayelekile abafundi abaningi nabafundi, umbuzo: "Kuyini ubukhulu" - igama nje uhlobo sithule. Akulungile ukuthi "lokhu usayizi inkondlo - dactyl", inembile inkulumo ethi: ". Usayizi le nkondlo - trehstopny (.. Dvustopny njll) dactyl"

Quantification stop ivesi

Ngakho, ngenani kanye nohlobo esitobhini incike Ubukhulu senkondlo. Indlela ukucacisa inombolo izinyawo? It incike isibalo izigubhu (wesifunda) nangezindlela. Ake uchaze lokhu nge chorea isibonelo futhi amphibrach.

Uma Ngifaka isigqoko,

Ngibe cishe like a ubaba.

Awu, Baba, futhi ngaphandle isigqoko

Noma kunjalo, ufana nobaba.

Kulesi inkondlo Andrew Chebyshev "Pro papa isigqoko" isinqumo kuchazwa njenganoma ferrets quadrisyllabic, njengoba ivesi umugqa (v) sicuketse ngezinyawo ezine trochaic.

Horse agijima zinqamule insimu, agijima,

Mina engqabashiya zinqamule insimu futhi ekhathele kakhulu.

Futhi endle kwaba, futhi pinching utshani.

Futhi ngaziphonsa emuva, engqabashiya, engqabashiya.

Futhi emfuleni ukwohlamba, sidlale mane,

Futhi futhi enkundleni engqabashiya, engqabashiya.

Ngiphakathi umoya noma inyoni ke akazange uhambisane.

Akekho owaziyo gallop indlela okusheshayo.

Kulesi inkondlo by the author efanayo, futhi, inani ayeke izinyawo ezine, kodwa ngokungafani esidlule, ungalilahli chorea futhi amphibrachic, ngakho usayizi le nkondlo - amphibrach chetyrehstopnym.