Fire ingozi amakilasi ehlathini. Order of Federal amaHlathi Agency of July 5, 2011 N 287 "Ngo ukuvunyelwa ngezigaba zobungozi bomlilo kwamahlathi yemvelo"

Imililo okwenzeka emahlathini, uthela i thusa bhicongo. I ukusha kwamahlathi wabulala izihlahla eziningi unyaka ngamunye uhlushwa izinambuzane, izinyoni, izilwane. Burn wonke umzana kanye emaphethelweni amadolobha. Ngokuvamile kukhona amacala amaningi kwafa abantu. Ingasaphathwa Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo. Phela, amahlathi kukhona "amaphaphu" kule planethi yethu.

Wildfire igqamuka ngokushesha okukhulu, ukusakaza ngesivinini sombani futhi ibhekane ukubhujiswa okuphelele noma olungaphelele izindawo ezinkulu zehlathi. Kwakukhona izimo lapho imililo eRussia lasakazekela endaweni yaseChina Mongolia. Control isici nzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke, eziningi ejensi ukuthi bekwi cwaningo kanye nokuqapha ushisa amahlathi. Futhi kulawulwa eqeda, futhi uhlobo ihlathi izimila endaweni esikalini.

Kungani kukhona imililo emahlathini?

Ngezinye izikhathi, imililo zenzeka ngenxa isici womuntu: abaphumule ihlathi wajikijela Butt usikilidi otshanini noma ukhohlwe ukucima ngokuphelele. Ngisho ishiywe ingilazi ibhodlela ingasebenza elangeni njengomuntu lens, okhela utshani obomile kubangele ushisa amahlathi. Ukuze abasebenzi ukuvunwa kubalulekile ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha umlilo, njengoba ngokuvamile bajwayele fuel kanye zokugcoba ngoba imishini.

Emasimini ngemva ukuvuna utshani, okuyinto evame zishiswe. Ngo umoya onamandla umlilo Zingase zande zisakazekele nakwezinye ehlathini elise sekuseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi zonke izakhamuzi zakule ndawo eseduze ungafaka udoti endaweni lapho Peat bogs zitholakala ngomshoshaphansi. Futhi, kukhona wokhelwa ngamabomu osomabhizinisi ihlathi, kamuva ancike ahlabayo yakhe.

Kunezindlela eziningana yemvelo izimbangela ushisa amahlathi. Esikhathini hot inkathi engenazo izimvula kwa ilanga kungaba okhela ukoma noma kwenzeka omlilo okuzenzakalelayo Peat bogs. Phakathi sekuseduze ukuba kugadle inhlekelele kusukela umbani ikhanyisa izihlahla. On the imililo wabo seyihlanganisa 8% azo zonke izinhlekelele abasafufusa kwemvelo.

Izindlela uzingela imililo

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ukuqapha ukusha kwamahlathi kubhekwa satellite ukubhekwa emkhathini izithombe e-infrared ukukhanya endaweni. Zibonisa ensimini enamandla lokushisa eliphezulu, okungase akhombisa izenzo zone umlilo. Idatha processing kusetshenziswa eyinkimbinkimbi zikagesi. Futhi, satellite Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimo sezulu endaweni yocwaningo, amandla nesiqondiso somoya. Idatha olusha izikhathi 4 ngosuku.

Ngezinye izikhathi ikheli sesevisi usizo ozakwabo American noma abanikazi iziphuphutheki yangasese. Baphuthunyiswe ncamashi, kodwa yebo, ezibizayo. Futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuchazwa kahle zone komlilo, njengoba umbuthano circumscribed of ububanzi emikhulu. Ukunemba ukuthola kuvimbela smokiness endaweni enkulu. Ukumaka kahle endaweni umlilo ukucacisa ekilasini komlilo, kudingeka ukuba uxhume ngezinye izindlela.

Njengoba izindlela ezengeziwe ngawo Imininingwane kungenziwa ngokuthi kusukela Ukugada ihlathi air zokuthutha. Kukhona manje drones futhi wasebenzisa ukuthi umoya wenze indawo vidiyo. Futhi emahlathini esungulwe observation okuthunyelwe. Lokhu umbhoshongo, bemi buqamama of amakhilomitha ambalwa kusuka komunye nomunye.

Kubo, ngaphezu kokuthola izingqapheli isiqophi amakhamera efakiwe nezindlela zokuxhumana. Kodwa lapha kukhona izinkinga abasebenzi, njengoba isibalo Abanakekeli bamahlathi usike, nabantu abasele kubalwa nje emzimbeni isikhathi ukuqoqa ulwazi olwanele. Futhi amakhamera baqondiswa ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphila ngokuvumelana okulindele. Futhi ngaphansi observation usebenzisa kwemibhoshongo yeselula, lona ikhamera nezinzwa, okubonisa ukwanda air lokushisa, imagers ezishisayo.

kobukhulu

UNongorwana Federal amaHlathi Agency of July 5, 2011 "Ngo ukuvunyelwa Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu nehlathi lemvelo umlilo ingozi futhi umlilo ingozi ngezigaba emahlathini, kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu" inikezwa incazelo eqondile degree of umlilo ingozi emahlathini, esesikhundleni ezinhlanu kuphela. Kuye uhlobo ikhava ihlathi, zilwane kanye nekhwalithi izihlahla, khona efile ukhuni Peat bogs, ukukhula abasha kanye kwabantu, yakha itafula, okuyindawo lingahunyushwa baphetha, kulokho izindawo singalindela umlilo, futhi yini amandla lungumxokozeli amalangabi.

Amamaki aphakeme eyabelwe emapheshana ka izinkuni zikaphayini nezithombo. Lapha kule sizini umlilo njalo kulindeleke njengendlela utshani-izimpande, futhi umqhele imililo , enzima nelula. Emapheshana itshalwe amahlathi zikaphayini, brusnichnikovymi, izihlahla zikaphayini futhi larch amahlathi banikwa 2 isilinganiso umlilo ekilasini ehlathini. Ezindaweni ezinjalo esikhathini sonyaka awokuthi okuvela emhlabathini imililo, okungukuthi kusuka 0.5 kuya 1.5 m. Ngaphambi iziqongo umlilo liphuma kakhulu kuyaqabukela, bese kuphela endabeni ilangabi esiphezulu ngaphansi ezinzima nesomiso kanye yiziphepho imimoya.

Kulezi amakilasi komlilo ingozi emahlathini akhawunti cishe u-80% bonke imililo, abashe Russian Federation. Abanye abathathu ungameli yinkimbinkimbi umlilo, kukhona okuncane kakhulu futhi kungacimi ngokushesha. Ngaphambi ukucacisa isigaba komlilo ingozi emahlathini, inhlolovo ihlathi ipulazi ensimini izitshalo, idatha eqoshiwe futhi lusetshenziswe ngu yezinhlaka ezikhethiwe.

isikali Federal ingozi yemvelo ukuhlolwa

On insimu yonke iRussia ibalwa njengoba inkomba engokwemvelo ingozi imililo. It incike lokushisa emoyeni, izimo Meteorological. Ezindaweni isomiso esinzima kukhona awokuthi ukuthungela. amasevisi Fire nsuku zonke, amahora angu-12, isilinganiso ibalwa yehlathi zemvelo umlilo ingozi.

Ukuze abale okufakwe ezilandelayo zithathwa: izinga lokushisa osukwini olunikeziwe, inani lezinsuku ngaphandle imvula namazolo iphuzu. It uqala ngokuchaza izinhlupheko lezinsuku kusukela ngosuku lokugcina imvula, lapho imvula kwaba 3 mm. Ingabe ibalwe ifomula futhi zemvelo ingozi isilinganiso. Umphumela amayunithi 300 - kungenzeka umlilo engekho, ngesilinganiso amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 kubonisa ingozi kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ukusha kwamahlathi

Kuye ukuphakama ephakamisa elangabi ngenhla ezingeni phansi kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu imililo emahlathini. I ephansi - uhlobo ngomshoshaphansi. Fire komhlaba idiphozithi yanoma Peat bogs high density futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa emoyeni itotoba, a amamitha ambalwa ngosuku. Kodwa ngoba imali Peat ungumuntu ka-50 cm ukujula, lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukucima.

buka Nizovoy ilangabi esiphelweni emahlathini ifinyelela ukuphakama esiphezulu 1.5 m. Lights utshani obomile, izimila parostkovaya, nezithombo. Ngo ezifana umlilo kungenteka uhlushwe hhayi kuphela emgodini isilwane nge lelamathole, kodwa izimpande nebhalsamu namagxolo ungqimba kwezihlahla ezinkulu. Futhi lokho eholela ekufeni. umlilo okunjalo njengoba kungaba kusimangaze abantu ehlathini.

Egibele umbono izinhlekelele ihlathi libhekene okungavamile ilangabi ukuphakama. ngezinye izikhathi Lufinyelela amamitha 120. Nale ilangabi afe izihlahla ezinkulu ubudala, ashise imiqhele yabo, iziqu. A udonga lomlilo e umoya onamandla ezihambayo ngesivinini. Ngenxa iziqu ukujiya wokukucima umlilo enjalo kunzima.

Ukunciphisa Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kusuka imililo

Iinlinganiso ezihlukileko zokuvimbela abazenzi phakathi nonyaka. Ngokuhambisana amakilasi umlilo ingozi emahlathini kulinganiswa imingcele ukubala Coefficient kungenzeka usongo. Elibukhali ekukhuleni kwezihlahla, ukubukeka esinindolweni coniferous. izindlela umlilo lokuvikela zokunqanda ukusabalala umlilo nazo yamukelwe. Yakhiwe ngu- okuthiwa ilangabi izithiyo, okuyizinto izingxenye kancane noma emapheshana oqoshiwe; kwenziwe ukugawula sanitary emahlathini.

Ziphethe zokuvikeleka umlilo. Imililo noma ekwandeni eqinile okwakuyogwenywa uma Abanakekeli bamahlathi kokuba ngokuqaphelisisa ukukhula izilwane ezisencane, bahlanza endaweni kusukela nezihlahla ezomile futhi izihlahla ubudala, kulawulwa imithi ewile. Futhi ngalezi zinhloso wabeka emapheshana aligugu amanengi komhlaba, at ibanga amamitha 50. Eziningana zalezi bands ziyakwazi ngokugcwele ukulondoloza ehlathini awuvikele ukusabalala umlilo.

Izinyathelo okwasekhaya imililo

Okokuqala udinga ukuthola umlilo. Uma satellite azisiwe mayelana umlilo, udinga ukukhomba ngokunembile futhi uma kungenzeka ukuze unciphise search for naye ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngenxa yale njongo, emoyeni zokuthutha: izindiza, izicishamlilo ezinophephela emhlane, drones. Lokubaluleke kakhulu ijubane ngawo umlilo atholakala endaweni nemisebenzi ihlelwe ngomlilo. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukulungela wonke amayunithi amasevisi umlilo esifundeni.

Eyesibili isinyathelo esibalulekile wokuhlengwa umlilo indawo yayo. Nhlangothi zonke isidingo ukubeka izithiyo ukuphahlazeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlilo ayikwazanga basakazekela kwezinye izingxenye ehlathini, isiphetho ibhizinisi eliseduze. onqenqemeni Okokuqala strip umlilo izicishamlilo wanisela, wadala strip ezimanzi komhlaba, izihlahla oswakanyiswe. Futhi ngosizo ubuchwepheshe kwenza lapho okungakaze kulinywe khona emapheshana, ukuhlanza ezizungezile kusuka esinindolweni nezihlahla. Lapho le misebenzi yenziwa, ukuze umlilo oshisa ihlathi itholakala emhlabeni amalangabi bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

umlilo ukucindezelwa

Ngemva ephelele kwasendaweni kwesigaba iqala, eqinisweni, ukuqedwa amandla omlilo ekamelweni. Ukubeka out imililo Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa phansi futhi zasemoyeni imishini umlilo-elwa. amadamu Isetshenziswa eseduze isinyathelo lomlilo. Imishini ekhethekile indiza kanye ebhakedeni akhe amanzi. Khona-ke, ihamba phezu kwamalangabi, ukukhulula khona luvutha ihlathi.

Isinyathelo yakamuva wabeka kubhekwe indawo okaraulivanie ehlaselwe umlilo. Fire is zihlolwe ngokucophelela endaweni yenhlekelele uma kwenzeka kabusha ukuthungela. Lokhu kufanele prodelyvat isikhathi eside ukuqonda ukuphepha egcwele. Futhi kuthatha ku izimo akhawunti sezulu. Igxila emaphethelweni.

letengetiwe

пользуются химическими средствами тушения и вызывают искусственно дождь в облаках. Endabeni umlilo enobudlova, lapho egxilile grade okusezingeni eliphezulu flammability, kukhona chemical izindlela zokucisha futhi abangele amafu emvula yokufakelwa. Enhlabathini, umlilo, wathela umhlabathi owomile ngasonqenqemeni. Uma-human resources ayinala ke azungezwe singabantu amagatsha amakhulu futhi umlilo kuyachichima. Bangaphinde ukuqhuba kokudubula onqenqemeni, okwenza isiqephu awunalutho. Ngezinye izikhathi ezimweni ezinzima ixhunyiwe esezansi noma umfula esiphikisayo umlilo.

Indlela ukuphuma endaweni eyingozi?

Uma indoda wazithola ihlathi noma eduze bogs Peat ngesikhathi esingafanele lapho umlilo uqale ke noma kunjalo ayikwazi ukuba uvalo. Kumelwe siqale sithole isiqondiso of umoya ukuthuthela ohlangothini windward. Zokuphefumula ngempela ukumboza nge ithawula elimanzi, noma noma iziphi izinsalela zezimpahla.

Uma wazi ukuthi yini kude kuyinto echibini ke udinga ngokushesha ukuhambisa esiqondisweni sakhe. Lapho evutha Peat ngaphanzi komhlaba, kubalulekile ukuba siye phambili nesigxobo esandleni sakhe, ngomusa kumba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zenu. Fire lungaqhubeka engezansi, bese ngeke kuzwakale kahle kakhulu awele emgodini ovuthayo.

Outreach

Abantu abahlala eduze ihlathi, ukulungiselela nomlilo kusengaphambili. Feza tinhlelo tekufinyelela ebantfwini, izifo. Lapho lo mlilo uqale, labantu waxoshelwa ngendlela esiphuthumayo. Thatha ukuncoma kuphela ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Uma ungakwazi ukuphuma ke udinga shaqa endlini ngaphandle komoya kubhaklazeka evulekile. Ungakwazi ufihle emiphongolweni. Carry amanzi akho, izingubo zokulala elina amathawula. Uma umlilo wacosha, ngeke kube emithini. Udinga ukuthola ensimini, uvale umgudu wokuphefumula.

Futhi kube abantu wayala ehilelekile umlilo. Awukwazi uthele amanzi phezu ukufakwa kagesi kanye wiring. Esikhundleni imishini labadubuli akumelwe bame. Ngokuphelele kubalulekile ukuvimba indima ethile endaweni eyingozi.