Umqhele imililo: izici eziyisisekelo kanye ngezigaba

Imililo zenzeka njalo. Ukuze ome ukhuni yalo ivuthe umlilo, kwanele lokho omunye inhlansi encane noma isiteleka umbani. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amazwe amaningi emasimini ukhula ephakamayo, inani imililo kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi eziningana.

I emikhulu endaweni yezwe, kulapho kubonakala umlilo. Futhi uma owandile nesomiso ophikelelayo, izihlahla kanye nezihlahla kungaba okhela ngisho ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kukhona utshani-izimpande futhi umqhele umlilo, njengoba kukhona inhlabathi umlilo futhi eziningi nezinye izinhlobo umlilo nesenzakalo. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Kuyini komlilo wequbula

Leli gama libhekisela umlilo engalawuliwe ukuthi angesabi zibhebhetheka ehlathini. Ngo inqubo umlilo nokutubeka enjalo esinqunyiwe noma ephelele izimila ngenhla eliphansi, ihlathi udoti (bawa amaqabunga, iingojwana nezinyo), futhi inhlabathi. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo ehlaselwe ngomlilo lutho isikhathi eside ikhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zivame wabulala ngenxa ushisa amahlathi.

Izinhlekelele zemvelo zaloluhlobo kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba umlilo ibhebhetheka ngokushesha okukhulu ezindaweni eziningi omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi komlilo wasehlathini ukuthola ihlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu, okuyinto nzima kakhulu inqubo wokukucima.

izimbangela

Ngokuvamile, kuphuma umlilo umbani, bona zaba ngaphezulu kuka-8% imililo. Kulokhu, konke kuncike indawo uqobo. Amahlathi, ubuswa izihlahla abasha, izinhlekelele zemvelo anizikhokheli njalo.

Enye imbangela ihlathi imililo - abantu. Kwezinye izimo, umlilo uvela isenzo ngamabomu okuhloswe ngaso ukubhujiswa ukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo entwasahlobo nasehlobo, abantu ukuya izoso noma ngifuna amakhowe. Kulokhu, eyodwa kuphela akazange zatushennoy ugwayi noma Amalahle ngomlilo. Ngenxa yalokho yobudedengu kweso luvutha utshani obomile, futhi amalangabi aphonswe ngokushesha izinkuni ezomile.

Ukwahlukanisa izinhlekelele ihlathi

Kususelwa ubunjalo umlilo inhlabathi elingalodwa, utshani-izimpande futhi umqhele imililo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlekelele zemvelo ihlukaniswa by the velocity esiphelweni. Ngakho, umlilo phansi luhlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Engaqinile. 0.5 m umlilo okusezingeni eliphezulu sihlanganisa lonke 1 imitha ngomzuzu.
2. Maphakathi (ukuphakama 1.5 m). Ukhuthaza nge velocity 3 m / imiz.
3. Namandla (1.5 m). Ihlanganisa 3 amamitha angaphansi kwamaminithi 3.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngesilinganiso umqhele imililo kuyinto:

1. 3 m / imiz. Lokhu isivinini ubhekwa ababuthakathaka.
2. Kusukela 3 kuya ku-100 m / imiz. Kulokhu kukhulunywa ngokubekwa Isivinini isilinganiso esiphelweni.
3. Ezingaphezu kuka-100 m / imiz. - ukushisa eliphezulu.

Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi okuqhubekayo ihhashi umlilo zibhebhetheka ngesivinini amamitha 100 ngomzuzu. Ngakho, nobukhulu bayo akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange.

Kukhona umlilo zenhlabathi, futhi basakaze ngokushesha impela. Lokhu uyakucabangela ka nokutubeka ukujula:

1. Ngaphansi kuka 25 cm - ungumlilo ababuthakathaka.
2. Kusukela cm 25 kuya 50 - ngokwesilinganiso.
3. Bangaphezu kuka-50 cm - libhekwa njengoba eqinile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlilo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka endaweni umlilo:

1. Kusukela 0.1 eGa 2 sici for ukuthungela abavamile.
2. 20 Ga libonisa ukushisa low.
3. 20-200 amahektha - ungumlilo ophansi.
4. Kufika 2000 amahektha esivamile kube inhlekelele enkulu.
5. Bangaphezu kuka-amahektha 2,000 - lena inhlekelele.

Uma sikhuluma isikhathi ngemva kwenhlekelele, ke imililo umqhele ovuthayo endaweni mayelana 10-15 kwezinsuku (kuye ngokuthi ezingeni komlilo). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kungaba bashise esingamahektare kuka-500. Ake sidingide ikhanda ngalinye wohlobo umlilo.

Horse wequbula

umlilo ngamunye kuyingozi kakhulu izilwane zasendle, izilwane, izinyoni, yebo, ngoba indoda. Isikhathi esining impela, ilangabi kuziwa graying encane, etholakala eduze ihlathi. Ngenxa yalokho, umlilo, amboza indlu ngokushesha. Ngakho uma esibhakabhakeni kwakukhona ufasimbe eziyinqaba, kuba nephunga wokusha, kufanele axhumane ngokushesha ne-service MOE.

Umqhele imililo kuthinte esiqongweni semithi ehlathini. Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo umlilo umphumela uthotshiselwa ukuthuthukiswa ilangabi. Ngakho, kungashiwo ukuthi umlilo phansi, kuyingxenye ogibele.

Umlilo, okuyinto ngaphezu kobuso inhlabathi, nomthelela izici zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, imimoya enamandla kanye emithambekeni emaweni kungabangela ukwanda okusheshayo umqhele imililo. Eziningi zalezi imililo zenzeka ehlobo, lapho ubuswa i sezulu esomile hot.

Lapho lolu hlobo imililo izihlahla ngokuvamile bafe ngokuphelele. Uma sikhuluma ubunjalo amandla omlilo, bese ukukhululwa esheshayo futhi wasekela umqhele umlilo. Uhlobo lokugcina libhekene yokuthi umqhele esihlahleni uyaphakama kancane, ukuthuthukiswa utshani-izimpande umlilo. Uma lokhu ilangabi ezinwabuzelayo kombhede. imililo okunjalo futhi uvame ukubizwa ngobuningi. Uma sikhuluma umlilo eziqephuzayo, sibambe ke umlilo, kunalokho, esakaza kombhede futhi kungenzeka kwalawo ngisho ukuhamba phansi umlilo. Futhi kulokhu kukhona ilangabi kuzuba ngesikhathi lapho umlilo kungase kuthinte izingxenye ngesivinini.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imililo enhla nasezansi cishe elilodwa. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana uhlobo lwesibili.

Ukuvuvukala ku eziyizitezi aphansi

Ngesikhathi uhamba abavamile umlilo umlilo ungqimba ecashile. Okokuqala ovuthayo utshani, ihlathi kanye esinindolweni. Ground umlilo ngokuvamile ehamba a umkhumbi, obumba nentaba sezwe elangabi main. Umphumela onqenqemeni.

Uma sikhuluma ubunjalo imililo, amandla omlilo aphansi kungaba futhi okusheshe kuphele noma oluzinze. Esimweni sokuqala umlilo ngokushesha okukhulu onqenqemeni uhamba ngesivinini mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 0.5 m / imiz. Ngenxa yalokho, wona kuphela burns ikhava inhlabathi. Uma sikhuluma umlilo aphansi nakusasa, kuzofanele circuit kuyinto ngesivinini ephansi kakhulu. Sootvetstsvenno, kushe hhayi kuphela backsheet, kodwa futhi Hemp owonakele imithi ewile. Kulokhu, kukhona idigri eqinile intuthu.

inhlabathi ukuvuvukala

imililo Underground nomthelela ohlelweni impande izihlahla. Abanaso kuhluke ilangabi evelele. Inhlabathi umlilo busabalala phansi futhi Ungahambisa isivinini iminyovu 1 km ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi imililo zinzima kakhulu, ngoba kunzima kakhulu wokukucima. Inhlabathi umlilo kubangela nesenzakalo phansi, nakho kwenza abantu bakuphathe ukubukeka ilangabi rideable.

Imicimbi umlilo

Ukuze nemililo ukusebenzisa imishini onhlobonhlobo: enophephela emhlane, kanti izindiza. Ngenxa ukudedelwa izingoma ketshezi zokucisha, umlilo kungenzeka ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba bathole. Ukuze ubone ukuthi umthombo umlilo Kwenziwa Ukuhlolwa ndawo.

Nokho kwakhiwa annealing (nomkhwezeli) kwezinye izimo. Ushisa liquid zokucisha phambi indlela. Kulokhu igagasi ukushaqeka. Ngenxa yale njongo phambi komlilo phambi ukuqhuma ekhiqizwa elibangela esibukweni khomba. Ngenxa yalesi kungenzeka ukumisa ukusabalala kwaleso wokukucima umlilo kanye nokuqalisa izinqubo ejwayelekile.

Profilaktikticheskie izenzakalo

Okokuqala ochwepheshe ozama ukubikezela okuvela kuyo umlilo noma kuphi yalendawo, ngokusekelwe izimo sezulu kanye imininingwane abayithole ngokuthengisa insimu. Lapho lokhu isilinganiso ibalwa komlilo wequbula.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lesopoteri, aphethwe amalungiselelo mass. Okokuqala kwenziwe umsebenzi umlilo kanye nokugcinwa. ukugawula sanitary nazo kukhiqizwa. Kulokhu, zonke izihlahla ubudala nabashwabeneyo ubhujiswe. Futhi bayoligawula ihlathi emasimini ukuthi ngendlela eyingozi eduze wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu. Agudle isihlahla badedele emseleni ekhethekile, okuyinto esimweni umlilo ngeke avumele umlilo ukwenza okungaphezu kwalokhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile elibukhali ukusha kwamahlathi, ukusungula ekhethekile kwemibhoshongo observation insika. Ngenxa kokuma phansi ezisekelwe ngokuvamile kakhulu ukwazi ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo nhlekelele nokuguqulwa.