Evenk Autonomous Area: inhlokodolobha, isikhathi, idolobha

Evenkia - i zwe lasendulo futhi engaqondakali. Indaba yakhe kuyingxenye umlando eSiberia, okuyinto has kwaqala emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Kuyini ephawulekayo Evenk Autonomous Area?

isikhundla ezindawo

Evenk Autonomous Area - iyunithi indawo kanye nezokuphatha Russian Federation. He is ilungu Krasnoyarsk Territory. It elise-Eastern eSiberia. Umncele esifundeni sase-Irkutsk Republic Saha (Iakutiia) nge Taimyrsky (Yamal Nenetski) esifundeni ezizimele. Le ndawo ihlanganisa indawo obuyizinkulungwane 770 sq. M. km. 18,000 - ukuze abantu abaningi abahlala Evenki Autonomous Area. Capital - emzaneni ezisemadolobheni Tour. Ngaphezu esifundeni sakhe sokuphatha sehlukaniswe 3 izindawo - Baikit, Ilimpiysky, Tungussko-Chui - futhi 22 Kuphatsa yasemakhaya.

Phakathi kwazo zonke izikhonzi Russian Federation ensimini ka eSiberia, Evenkia Autonomous District ine disadvantageous isikhundla womhlaba. It ithatha maphakathi Central laseSiberia Plateau. Iphuzu esiphezulu kule County - Stone Intaba ukuphakama 1701 m Kukhona ezahlukene kakhulu sezulu esihlukahlukene kanye Evenk Autonomous Area is kakhulu welulela ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ngoba 1,500 km .. Isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Julayi lokushisa - kuze kufinyelele 38 ° C, ebusika - ukuze -67 ° C. Ingxenye esemqoka Evenkia libhekisela eNyakatho Ekude yeRussia. Kukholakala ukuthi lena ngenye yezindawo ezinzima kakhulu futhi kakhulu ukuba bazohlala eRussia.

integrally

April 17, 2005 labetibambile inhlolovo okuholele Evenk Autonomous District ihlanganiswe ne-Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ngo-January 1, 2007, wathola isimo esisha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waba wesifunda kamasipala we-Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ababange besaba khona futhi Tajmyrsky (Nenets) District. Yena, efana Evenki Autonomous Area, uye Wajoyina i-Krasnoyarsk Territory.

izinsiza

Izinsiza esemqoka yalolu ingxenye yeSiberia hydrocarbon - uwoyela negesi. Lesi sifunda siyindawo futhi unothile igolide, idayimane, graphite, amalahle, phosphate impahla eluhlaza ne-platinum. Ukuthembisa kukhona idiphozithi yanoma izinsimbi ezingavamile futhi non-ayoni. Kukhona izinqolobane zamatshe ayigugu, ithusi-nickel kanye nsimbi.

Flora

Evenkia - enhle kunazo zonke ezweni lethu, kodwa kwabaningi luhlala ezingafinyeleleki futhi nhlobo njengoba isikhala. Zonke ndaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zezulu remoteness kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isivakashi ezingavamile alinge uvakashele Evenki Autonomous Area. Izithombe ezithathwe abahambi, asivumela okungenani kusukela umbono yemvelo kulesi sifunda. Izindawo ezinkulu eziseningizimu elalihlala iqhwa lase-Arctic, kodwa kukhona emathafeni, ehlathini futhi entabeni amahlathi. Kukhona amachibi amaningi, cishe bonke of them Lokudabuka glacial: echibini Vivi, Essey, Agatha, Dyupkun. Cishe ikota yebahlali endaweni besifunda itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle, kukhona eyiqhwa. Zonke ezinye izimila siqukethe amahlathi. Eningizimu, kuba sonwele nemisedari, nasenyakatho, bona esikhundleni ehlathini larch. On nemithambeka - Umbala we wona kanye ulele. Ensimini ka Evenkia ezimbili zigcine - Putoransky futhi Tunguska.

nezilwane

izimo ezinzima zezulu kunjalo ezivumela izakhamuzi eziphikelelayo ukuthi bahlanganyele zokudoba. Lihlala Sable, Ermine, omnyama esiliva impungushe. Basuke okukhiqizwayo befuna isikhumba ukuhweba noboya. Ngo amanzi eziningi izinhlanzi ehlathini - reindeer zasendle emahlathini - nezinye izilwane. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana Ibhere elinsundu, eSiberia futhi Arctic impisi, squirrel, mink, ama-lynx, muskrat, impungushe emhlophe.

labantu

manje abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-18 abahlala kule ndawo. Inhloko-dolobha ye yakhe - Tour emzaneni. Evenk Autonomous Area has a aphansi kakhulu ukwanda kwabantu - Abantu mayelana 0.03 per 1 sq. km. Ukungasebenzi eqoshiwe ngokusemthethweni iphansi - 4%. Kwezomnotho labantu esebenzayo - 9000, okuyinto mayelana 1/3 ye zonke izakhamizi. Ukusebenza yobudala ezihlobene 62%, phezu kokuthi ubudala - 12%, ngaphansi - 26%. Evenkia abesifazane abangaphezu kuka amadoda: 53% kuqhathaniswa 47 ngobuningi sabantu labo liphila ezindaweni ezisemakhaya - 71%, kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni - 29%. Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga Evenkia ezilandelayo:

• Russian - 60%,
• evenki- 21%
• Yakuts - 5%
• Evens - 4.5%.
• Ukrainian 3%
• nezinye - 6.5%.

umnotho

share sengonyama of lonke Evenkiya umkhakha, ezingaphezu kuka-97%, 3 izigaba:

• fuel,
• ugesi,
• ukudla.

umkhakha Okokhelekayo libonisa ukukhiqizwa uwoyela negesi. Lapha, emihlanu bathola amasimu nge izinqolobane kulezi. Inani labo Imininingwane balinganiselwa ku amathani 1.1 bhiliyoni amabhizinisi ezinkulu kakhulu - .. Of "NK" Yukos "JSC" Krasnoyarskgazprom "JSC" Yeniseineftegaz "Ingxenye Imininingwane uphethiloli umkhakha iphelile 50% emnothweni.

Ugesi eziyinkimbinkimbi ithatha 25% emnothweni County sika. Amandla ukukhiqiza amandla usebenzisa diesel. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke them - inarha ebumbeneko Enterprise "Varanavaenergo" OGUP "Ilimpiyskie amandla," SUE "Baikit ukukhiqizwa lesifunda ibhizinisi Umbuso indawo yomphakathi".

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa yezimboni of Evenkia ukudla umkhakha ithatha cishe 20%. It is ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela imikhiqizo ebhikawozi.

Ngo ngaphezulu athuthukile ngisho nezolimo kanye ezamahlathi ukudoba. Kukhona okwandile reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya, ukuzingela, ingulube kanye yobisi izinkomo.

indaba

abantu Evenki endulo abahlala kulezi zindawo phambilini obuwaziwa matasa izindawo eziningi eSiberia - eMfuleni ob entshonalanga kuya oLwandle Okhotsk empumalanga, kusukela e-Arctic kuze Angara. Kwakungenzeka kanjani bona ngesikhathi inombolo sasivumela nesizotha ikoloni zindawo aseSiberia? Into wukuthi reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya, ukudoba nokuzingela, Evenki bebephila ukuphila ayimizulane. Ngaphezu kwalokhu sici zomphakathi the enyakatho yalesi sizwe wawuthathelwe endabeni okulula nezimo ezintsha zokuphila futhi ibe sesimweni sezulu ezahlukene. Nokho, baye bazivumelanisa ngendlela ehlukile yokuphila kanye nomnotho.

Umlando kule ndawo njengoba isifunda esiphethe sihlehlela emuva 1930. Khona-ke uhulumeni wamaSoviet ngaqala ukwakha wesifunda kazwelonke. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba lokukwazi ukuzibonisa ngokugcwele lezi zindawo, ukuze ulwe okungabi nalwazi okude nabantu bomdabu, kuqinise umnotho nempucuko bendawo. Kamuva mlando ziye zaphawula le nkathi ngokuthi ushintsho elibukhali isimo esifundazweni. Izakhamuzi we asemaqaqasini semi izinduna uyiswa kwenkathi kwezimboni.

ukuthuthukiswa North owaqala ngokuvukela ukwakhiwa kwe-Turin kultbazy. Evenki, owayenganikela kuphela ukuphatha isihlibhi reindeer futhi uthole izilwane ngaphakathi bo gi, baye bafunda sikhule kakolweni, amazambane, imifino, ezibandakanya nakho nemfuyo. Yiqiniso, kuba impumelelo lamaphayona Soviet owakhuphula kule ndawo yolwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho. Ngo-1927, isibhedlela sokuqala e Evenkia, esikoleni sabaqalayo lakhiwa. Saqala ukuba afeze isitifiketi sabantu. Futhi kakade 1930 kwethulwa ayimpoqo imfundo yamabanga aphansi abantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo baqala ukuhlela kahle wesifunda. Kwakukhona eziseceleni sokhuni, azungeze Tours ekuphathweni yamisa sikwele, batshala izihlahla zakhe. Ngo-1938, kwaba khona eposini. Ngo-1968 ngiqala ukulibona endizeni Evenki Autonomous Area.

Isikhathi washintsha manje, kodwa namanje kanzima ukulubona ngeso lengqondo izimpilo zalezi zindawo ngaphandle air traffic. The main isici - ibanga elikhulu zasemizaneni komunye nomunye. Ngokusebenzisa emoyeni futhi manje abahambisele nokudla, impahla, abagibeli, abasebenzi shift bese abazingeli, ukuxhumana kanye nabelusi.

Ngo-1933, iphephandaba yokuqala eyanyatheliswa ngo-Evenkia. Thina ukuphrinta ngobukhulu ubunzima, ngokungabi bikho isondo ugesi typewriter baphotha ngesandla Abahleli "Evenk". Ngakho izakhamuzi Evenkia yaqala ukuthola izindaba ezivela emakhasini umagazini ukuphrinta.

Epholile ukuphila okunokuthula waphula 1941. Khona-ke ukuvikela ezweni kuze kube phambi off abantu 1816, ingxenye yesihlanu labantu leyo minyaka. Izakhamuzi 306 engabuyi nempi. Ngemva kwempi lapha bonke ndawonye kabusha umnotho wezwe. IsiRashiya, Evenk nezinye izizwe wasebenza amapulazi collective, wahlanganyela reindeer zizalela, nemfuyo, ukuzingela, ukudoba, ukuzingela kanye ukuhweba noboya. Abasebenzi Inqubomgomo Council uthambekele izinsiza womuntu wasekhaya.

Ngu-1950, iningi izikhundla eziphezulu elalihlala abomdabu of Evenkia. Kusukela ngo-1970 ngenkuthalo olwenziwa ucwaningo kuhloswe ngazo ukuthi kutholakale namaminerali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokushesha ukwakha izindlu ezandleni komhlaba futhi abasebenzi uwoyela umkhakha. Kusukela ngo-1968, ileveli entsha namasiko phandle. Ukuze bendawo ngokuya laqala ebhayisikobho Soviet. Ngo-1975, kwaba khona-TV futhi Evenkia. Ukuwa kweSoviet Union kwathinta ukuphila yasesiFundeni. Zonke umkhakha wokuzimisela banyukubala ngaphandle.

ikhishi

Zonke izizwe has cuisine yayo siqu kazwelonke, okungase ukutshela okuningi ngomlando endaweni kanye nabantu. Evenki Sekuyisikhathi eside wahlanganyela ukudoba nokuzingela. basuke ngokuvamile misela njengoba izinhlanzi kanye umdlalo, njengoba-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ukudla. Kuphela ingxenye encane kwesokunxele ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Manje izitsha Evenk izitsha okulungiselelwe kusukela inyamazane, inyama bear, inhlanzi. Nazi ezinye izitsha athandwa bendabuko cuisine kazwelonke:

• Tyhemin. Lokhu isobho inhlanzi, okuyinto ukulungele caviar. Yena akhuhlwe ubebushelezi, bese ufaka amanzi abilayo, wafaka emuva imibengo inhlanzi, usawoti kanye izinongo.
• Jukola Evenki. Lena isidlo yendabuko izinhlanzi ezomisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokho, ukususa ikhanda futhi backbone, gutting. Khona-ke uthathe eside izingqimba ezondile inhlanzi, sebeziqhumbuza ngaphakathi. Khona-ke ngibhema umlilo ngaphansi kombhede avaliwe, bese omisiwe elangeni kuze kube manje. Yidla inhlanzi ezinjalo, wageza phansi itiye.
• ihansi omisiwe. Ukuze silungiselele ukuthatha isidumbu sesilwane ihansi zasendle, bekha, igqamuka, asusa esikhunjeni nasemathanjeni ezinkulu. Khona-ke wenza ukusikeka ku isifuba sendlala kwi kombhede ekhethekile kushaywa endaweni. inyama enjalo ebusika futhi esetshenziswa ukulungiselela amasobho izitsha.
• Eyosiwe bear inyama. Inyama iyasikwa ibe yizicucwana amancane flat enezingxenye of fat. Ethosiwe epanini, bese ufaka u-anyanisi kanye namazambane. Khonza hot.
• Korczak. Lokhu dish eyenziwe ubisi reindeer. Kuyinto ezikhuluphele kakhulu, ngakho kahle chilled ngesiswebhu ibe Foam obukhulu. Korczak wanquma ukudla scone nge itiye.

Ezithakazelisa kakhulu

• Area Evenkia ifaniswe le ndawo lamazwe ezifana Turkey ne-Chile.
• isikhungo ezemvelo Russia - Lake Vivi, noma ogwini kunalokho eningizimu-asempumalanga. Lokhu isimo etholwe ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, lapho imingcele zishintshile futhi izixhumanisi kwamiswa amanye amasha. Baveza ukuthi ungubani academician uPetru Bakut. Agasti 27, 1992 ukusungula ukuphakama lesikhumbuzo 7 m.
• iphuzu Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ezibandayo Krasnoyarsk esifundeni - Tembenchi River, izinga lokubanda ebusika lapha - lokususa 70 ° C.
• 1908 kulezi zindawo wawela Tunguska meteorite.
• Amazing kuncike - Evenki Autonomous Area. Amadolobha akukho lapha. 1 kuphela edolobheni elincane - Tour yenhloko-dolobha, elinye - settlement amancane asemaphandleni: amabhayisikili, okusheshayo, Kuyumba, Miryuga, Osharova, Poligus, Suromay, Surinda, Kislokan, Nidym, Uchami, Vanavara nabanye.
• Isikhathi Evenkiya - Krasnoiarskii: ungachazwa amahora 7 kusukela UTC futhi 4 amahora kusukela eMoscow.