Empiricism futhi rationalism ifilosofi yesimanje

Inkathi kwekhulu le-17 libhekene wobunxiwankulu revolution wokuqala eNgilandi naseNetherlands, kanye izinguquko ezinkulu sphere ezihlukahlukene zokuphila emphakathini: ezombusazwe, umnotho, ubudlelwane nomphakathi futhi ukwazi. Futhi-ke, yonke le kumele iboniswe ku ekucabangeni.

Empiricism futhi rationalism: izimfanelo ekuthuthukiseni

Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi e ezikhathini zanamuhla wayezimisele ngokusungula ukukhiqizwa, ukukhula yohwebo emhlabeni, navigation kanye ezindabeni zezempi. Khona-ke lo muntu ekahle babone bezentengiselwano abathengisi kanye nososayensi yonke into eziyibonayo. amazwe Advanced European, lwela ubukhosi kwezomnotho nakwezempi, zigcinwe isayensi: kumiswa academy yesayensi, imiphakathi, amaqembu.

Ngakho-ke, isayensi ezikhathini zanamuhla kanye, futhi ithuthukiswe - yayisikhuphuka algebra, i-geometry ahlaziye, izisekelo ebalulekile futhi umehluko calculus, njll Zonke ucwaningo zenziwe indlela eyodwa -. Kokulinganisa Mathematics. Oholela mkhuba waba izihambisimshini ukuthi etadisha ukunyakaza zemizimba futhi waba lukhulu methodological e umsuka, imibono yefilosofi ngekhulu le-17.

Ifilosofi kuboshelwe inhlabathi kwezenhlalo, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza, ngesayensi yemvelo, kodwa futhi ngosizo we yalelozwe zenkolo, imibono nesimo. ososayensi osetshenziswayo nasezingxenyeni omnipotence phezulu, "isizathu izwe" nasezingxenyeni "Isenzo sokuqala". Futhi lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama ukukhohliseka nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, uNkulunkulu akekho kanye theism - akusikho ukuzikhethela ezinzima - "noma, noma ingabe ..." Izazi uyavumelana nombono okungokwemvelo zomhlaba ukuba khona lo okuthiwa ubuntu obabazekayo. Ngakho, umqondo wegama elithi "Amaqiniso amabili" (emvelo futhi saphezulu) Ezikhathini zanamuhla, futhi waphula nge impindiselo waqala impikiswano kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngesisekelo ulwazi lweqiniso - isipiliyoni, noma intelligence? Ngakho, ekhulwini le-17, ifilosofi entsha esekelwe imibono ukubaluleka ocwaningweni yokulinga emhlabeni futhi nokuzinyeza engqondweni.

Empiricism futhi rationalism: kwencazelo izigaba

Rationalism - lena enjalo nomqondo wefilosofi, by okuqondwe ngalo isisekelo futhi khona, futhi ulwazi - ke ingqondo.

Empiricism - kuba nomqondo onjalo zefilosofi, okusho ukuthi ngesisekelo zonke ulwazi kuba nakho. Abasekeli bale nhlangano bakholelwa ukuthi ingqondo akunamandla, namandla - kuphela ulwazi, bayabona isipiliyoni. Sikwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi i empiricism uyiphupho, lapho isipiliyoni uvezwa njengoMahluleli iqoqo imibono emizweni, nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, lapho umthombo isipiliyoni sezinzwa esithathwayo ngaphandle kwezwe.

Empiricism futhi rationalism: abameleli main

abameleli abavelele phakathi rationalists kwakuyilawa: uPlato, uSocrates, esingumGreki, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, uBharuki, Leibniz. inkambiso yalelozwe enokwehla asekelwe Frensis Bekon, Dzhon Dyui, Thomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk.

Empiricism futhi rationalism ifilosofi ezikhathini zanamuhla: izinkinga

Okunzima kakhulu kokubili izimfundiso zefilosofi ezingamanga yayiyini inkinga ngobunjalo umsuka izingxenye ze-non-inkanuko ukwazi - imibono kanye izincazelo ze Eqinisweni yobukhona babo elingenakuphikwa lichaza ekwakheni ulwazi.

Indlela ukuxazulula le nkinga abasekela imiqondo ezifana rationalism futhi empiricism? Eyokuqala waphendukela imfundiso yalokho izakhiwo esingokwemvelo ukwazi kwethu esinakho. Iningi izakhi yakhe non-inkanuko zikhona, ngokombono wabo, futhi ziyaphuma izakhiwo yingqondo yomuntu. Kunjengokungathi lapho njengesingeniso emhlabeni esizimele futhi usebenze nokuthuthukisa engabhekiseli emhlabeni zangaphandle. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba iwazi ezanele engokoqobo, kanye netimo tekutsi ukubonakala kwawo - yikhono akhiphe inqubo usebenzisa logic wedwa wonke imibono nolwazi zomhlaba ngaphandle.

Iziphetho njengoba theory enokwehla iphambene ngokuphelele rationalism. Ngakho, kukhona ulwazi mayelana nale ndaba, imithombo yayo - umuzwa, futhi umphumela - ukucutshungulwa izinto nolwazi ukuthi ukuletha izinzwa. Isizathu, ngokusho empiricism Yiqiniso, kuhileleke ekucubungululeni emizweni, kodwa ulwazi akusho engeza noma yini entsha.