ECroatia namaSerbia: Ngokuphambene, umlando ingxabano, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo futhi izici uhlamvu

Hard ukukholelwa, kodwa ayengekho umehluko okungavamile phakathi lwamaSlav Balkan. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, abantu ngokuthula kakhulu Yileso eCroatia namaSerbia. Umehluko sisekhona, kodwa kuphela zenkolo! ECroatia zingaphansi kwethonya elinamandla lase-Italy, i-Austria, ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Imizana lokuqala Croatian uvele on ensimini iMedithera ekhulwini VII.

Lezi zenzakalo abahlangene search ukuze kusindiswe izizwe zakwa lenqaba Avars, amaJalimane Huns ababegcwele ezweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lwamaSlav kobunikazi abakhethiwe namuhla eZagreb nezindawo ezisenkabeni elizungezile. Nokho, ukufinyelela ku ezweni coast ngokuchuma kwakhe, ubizwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa abaseRoma, abazange baphumelele. Khona-ke lwamaSlav wadala principalities eziningana ezizimele.

Croatia njengengxenye Hungary

Eduzane X eCroatia lwethi wacela usizo yoMbuso WaseByzantium, baqoqa amandla eside ukwakha isimo esiqhubekayo. Ngisho nanamuhla abantu Croatian uthande ukugxila bakhe ebuKristwini. Isikhathi sokuqala kuyanda akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside kuze umehluko yangaphakathi azibi usongo letitsintsa lubumbano lwesive. Khona-Commonwealth etusekayo 1102 neyaziwayo eNgophezukonke Kálmán mina, inkosi yabo yeHungary. Ngenxa yalokho, Croatia kwaba yingxenye yoMbuso yeHungary. Izinhlaka bavumelana ukuthi Kálmán ushiye ingashintshiwe isakhiwo zokuphatha kanye nangesimo sezepolitiki, amalungelo ahlukile.

Ukucindezelwa zombuso Hungarian

Ukuba ngaphansi kokulawula Hungary, eCroatia bengakwazi ukwabelana eziningi izinguquko esindayo zomlando kule umbuso. Ngokungangabazeki, umonakalo eziphawuleka kakhulu okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa ka-Ottoman. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqala ngokuqhubekayo iyiswe enyakatho, uhulumeni Hungarian ngo-1553 umngcele izindawo paramilitary Slovenia, eCroatia. isimo esasishubile impi eyathatha iminyaka engu-25. Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi labantu balapha wabalekela endaweni ephephile.

Nokho, ibutho Turkish ngaphansi kobuholi yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Sultan Suleiman le Ezinhle wafohla ukuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibutho wakwazi ukuza amasango Vienna, kodwa umuzi kuhlulekile yena. Ngo 1593 Battle of Sisak ophoqelelwe Ottoman ukuze ushiye benqobe amazwe Croatian. Ngo lokuma kwazo yayimane nje komakhelwane Bosnian.

Unity nombango ezizwe ezimbili Slavic

Ethonywe Austrians futhi abantu baseHungary, eCroatia kungabonakali elahlekelwa ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe. Nokho, umuzwa ukudelelwa ovamile for abahlaseli Turkish zahlolwa kanyekanye, kanye eCroatia, namaSerbia. Ukugqama, kukhona into eyodwa kuphela - emasikweni iphutha. Nokho, umuzwa ukuzonda umgabadeli kwaba kunamanje umehluko engabalulekile amasiko. Izibonelo elwa ubunye Croat futhi abangamaSerbia izihlubuki Ziningi! Ndawonye elwa ebabayo abahlali WaseTurkey, kanye okungenani oprotivevshimi abakwaHabsburg.

Ngo-1918 kwaba khona isimo esikahle sokuxoxa - Ngokuwa Empire Austro-Hungarian. umcimbi Odlule kwenza ukuba ukhiphe amazwe eningizimu. Ngakho kwamiswa umbuso owodwa yeYugoslavia. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo ukuxoshwa-Turks and ekwakhekeni umbuso ahlukene kwadingeka nakakhulu makuqoqwe abantu Slavic. Kodwa kwathi abasebenzela ...

Imbangela yale nkinga umthetho wokuqala

I Ukuvutha lokuqala umbango sekukhona ngemuva kokuphela yempi yesibili Russian-Turkish. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho waqala indaba ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia futhi eCroatia kweqiniso! Isidingo kabusha aseBalkan waba ngentshiseko kuze kube yilolu suku ubutha.

Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi ngokushesha ukuthola lapho ukuqashelwa, amabili ezingqubuzana ukugeleza. izingqondo Serbian ukubeka phambili welithi "eYugoslavia Omkhulu". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele isikhungo uhlelo kwakhiwa ngokunembile eSerbia. Ukusabela ukuze le nkulumo yathathwa ukuvela iphephandaba ubuzwe "abangamaSerbia igama" ebhalwe eligadulayo uhlangothi, Ante Starcevic.

Ngokungangabazeki, le mihlangano savela kudala. Nokho, kuze kube yilolu suku kukhona isithiyo zingenakunqobeka okungakwazi ukuxazulula bodwa eCroatia namaSerbia. Umehluko phakathi kwabantu ababili anobuhlobo uhlanekezelwe ibonakala ngisho ukuqonda umbuzo obalulekile kakhulu kubo. Uma isivakashi abangamaSerbia ingenye Ngubani owalusa aphethe, ngokuba eCroatia - ingenye Ngubani owalusa aphethe.

I ubaba wesizwe Croatian

Ante Starcevic waqale wanika umqondo wokuthi eCroatia akuzona lwamaSlav! Bathi bayinzalo lamaJalimane kwasheshe Slav, ngoba ngale ndlela ufuna ukuphatha kangcono izigqila Balkan. Yini esibi indida ukudalelwa! "Ubaba Croatian esizwe 'mama-Orthodox, noyise - Katolika.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazali belingamaSerbia, indodana waba umholi ngemibono eCroatia ngubani babesakaze nomqondo kohlanga amaSerbia ezweni lakubo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nomngane wakhe oseduze kakhulu wayengumJuda Iosif Frank. Nakuba Ante Starcevic waba enyanya ezijulile futhi lesi sizwe. njengoba uJosefa ngokwakhe naye waba eCroatia ubuzwe yokutholwa yamaKatolika.

Njengoba ubona, umlobi wazakhela angenamkhawulo fantasy umfana. izindaba ezidabukisayo lena. yokuvalelisa kokudumazeka Starcevic waphendula ezinhliziyweni intsha Croatian. Ngenxa yalokho, eDalmathiya, ESlavonia ekuqaleni kwekhulu ishanelwe uchungechunge ezimpini abangamaSerbia. Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho owacabanga ngisho akavumanga ukuza, ukuthi eCroatia - is eyayenziwe iguqulwe amaSerbia!

Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kobuholi "ubaba wesizwe" kusuka 1 kuya ku-3 Septhemba 1902, kanye nomngani wakhe Frank eCroatia e Karlovac, Slavonski Brod, Zagreb wabhubhisa izitolo kwabantu baseSerbia nabase-workshop. Bahlasela endlini bengamenyiwe, kulahliwe izimpahla zabo, washaywa.

izwe Fragile united kingdom

Omunye umphumela walokhu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwaba kwavela united kingdom. Abaningi bomlando kusikisela ukubandakanywa amaSerbia nokwenqatshwa enobudlova ngaphakathi uMbuso Slovenes futhi eCroatia.

Umnotho eSlovenia, eCroatia esithuthuke kabanzana. Ngakho zona, wabuza umbuzo fair. Kuqakatheke ngani ukondla muzi lusizi? Lapho kangcono ukwakha isimo sabo ezizimele, ophilayo ngenjabulo unomphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo yonke Lobu-Orthodox BaseSerbia lwamaSlav bekusolo futhi izohlala umfokazi!

kohlanga Croatian

Ukuba khona abamemezeli boMbuso eYugoslavia akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside - seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngo-1941, ngo-Ephreli 6 izindiza German ehlaselwa Belgrade. Ngemva kwamakhulu amabili nje izinsuku ibutho lamaNazi lase lithumbe zensimu. Phakathi nempi, ke wazuza okweqile udumo inhlangano Ustasha Ante Pavelic. Croatia waba mercenary German.

Belgrade mlando zikholelwa ukuthi inani elilinganisiwe Ustashe efile - ayizinkulungwane 800 amaGypsy, amaJuda namaSerbia .. abantu 400 kuphela wakwazi ukubaleka eSerbia. Ngokwabo eCroatia le nombolo akaphiki, kodwa bagomela ngokuthi iningi labo - abashokobezi bayabulawa ngezibhamu ezandleni zabo. Lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia, esikhundleni salokho, uqiniseke ukuthi u-90% izisulu - nezakhamuzi.

Uma ithuba izivakashi namuhla kuyoba emhlabathini Serbian, kungenzeka ukuthi abanikazi sizobonisa isithakazelo siqotho isivakashi. Uhlangothi Croatian has - kunalokho! Ngisho ngaphandle ezicijile nzima Asian, amasango yikuphi okubonakala emthethweni emkhathini zabo siqu ibonwa njengoba kubonisa ukuba luhlaza. Kubhekwe le mininingwane, ungacabanga ngokucacile ubani eCroatia namaSerbia. Izici zinhlamvu iningi liphinyiselwe ngezindlela isimo sengqondo abantu ababili.

AmaNazi kanye 'ukholo

Ngemva kwempi, iYugoslavia yaba ngaphansi kwethonya USSR. Isimo esisha eliholwa uJosip Broz Tito, owabusa nge isibhakela yensimbi kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kulokhu, Tito akazange athathe iseluleko nomngane wakhe oseduze kakhulu Moshe Pyade, uyaqaphela ukuxuba lalolo hlanga Slovenia futhi Croatia nge amaSerbia. Ngemva 1980, ngenxa ezingxabanweni zezombusazwe indawo eYugoslavia waqala kancane kancane sehlukaniswe, okuyinto wahlupheka kakhulu eCroatia namaSerbia. Umehluko phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili kanye anobuhlobo futhi wehlela ubutha ezingahlangani.

Fight federalism eCroatia namanje ngaphansi abakwaHabsburg wayengafuni ukuzivumelanisa lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia. ECroatia futhi wayengafuni ukuba bavume ukuthi basungulwa Southern isimo Slavic ubophekile kuphela nokuhlupheka ekunqobeni lempi lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia. Lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia, esikhundleni salokho, zazingahambi ukuyekethisa nalabo muva nje wenza iyunifomu yakhe Austria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lokulwa nabangenasihawu ohlangothini Austria, eCroatia neze waya eceleni Serbian. Ngokungafani Slovaks, amaCzech namaRomany.

Impi ekhaya

Kamuva, ekuqaleni kuka-1990, kwaba khona nciphisa zase-USSR, ngesikhathi eyalandela uqhekeko lokugcina yeYugoslavia. Ngenxa yalokho, Croatia imemezele ukuzimela, unqamukile eveni. Nokho, lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia eCroatia ngokwabo babangela izingxabano inter-indawo ngaphakathi ezweni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lokhu kwaholela empini yombango enesihluku. Serbian futhi zaseYugoslavia Army ehlasela indawo yakwa-Croatia, Dubrovnik futhi baseVukovar akhombise.

Noma kunjalo, sizama elibanzi ukubheka kokugqashuka ingxabano, ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa phakathi "elivulekile ngomqondo" ne "sekudla". KweCroatia neSerbia. Uyini umehluko? Uma sikhuluma ngezisusa zenkolo, kuphephile ukuphetha ngokuthi abanye - amaKatolika nabanye - Orthodox. Nokho, ukuthi is diki of izingxabano Interchurch injongo yakho eyinhloko yilona lodwa ukuchuma amahlelo. Ngakho-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi amaSerbia Croatian e izizwe ezimbili zokuqala anobuhlobo ukuthi umgodi phakathi nalo lonke ikhulu XX, izitha zabo ezivamile.

Igama elithi "ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II" eCroatia

Ngo Croat impi yombango ibizwa ngokuthi i-World. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu kabi kakhulu uma umuntu ayeliqamba ehlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, akunjalo kudala ngagqashula ngisho scandal amazwe nge Switzerland. Izwe ongavunyelwanga ukusuka engena endaweni yayo umculi Croatian Marko Perkovic Thompson. Kwakuthiwa ukusebenza Marco Kindle yezizwe, lokuzonda ezinye izinkolo.

Lapho Swiss budedengu elisetshenziswe embhalweni ngokuthi "kulwiwa", ukuthi baye babangela ukuba ibhakuzelisa imizwa Enkonzweni Croatian. Besabela kuleso simemo, ohlangothini Croatian ithumele incwadi bekhalaza umthetho umengameli wayo Stepana Mesicha. Ngokwemvelo, isinyathelo esinjalo kwakubangele intukuthelo nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umongameli akakuthandanga lokho izikhulu Croatian bavikela wazonda Thompson owayephayona ngempela yayisiboshwe kaningi kubonakala babangele ingxabano. Nokho, lapho kuziwa magama ngqo nazo zonke ezinye, ungakwazi uvale amehlo akho.

Umsunguli impi entsha - ibutho zaseYugoslavia

Ngokungangabazeki, impi yayisiphelile ngezindlela eziningi zombango. Okokuqala, uqala ukubeka ngaphezulu Kwagqashuka eYugoslavia internecine united izingxabano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaSerbia wayihlubuka ubuholi Croatian empeleni isakhamuzi kuleli zwe.

Okwesibili, empini yase-ukuzimela Croatian kwenziwa esikhathini okokuqala nje. Lapho iCroatia ithola isimo ngamazwe sithole uzibuse, impi namanje baqhubeka. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi kwaba resumption umbuzo ubunye Croatia sika indawo. Phezu kwakho konke lokhu, impi yayisiphelile ngomqondo ecacile zenkolo. Nokho, azikho izindaba kule omunye kodwa hhayi akunika impi ucingo civil, okwakuhilela kuphela eCroatia futhi lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia?

Umlando, njengoba sazi, kusekelwe kuphela amaqiniso kanzima! Futhi bathi Southern Yabantu Army (JNA) abadlale indima umqali kweqiniso Croatia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Croatia yayisalokhu ingxenye eYugoslavia, lapho ngokomthetho wabusa umholi ezimbili Croatian - UMengameli Stjepan Mesic, kanye uNdunankulu Ante Markovic. Ekuqaleni i offensive yokulwa Vukovar, ibutho zaseYugoslavia wayevele ngokomthetho kuleyo nsimu eCroatia. Ngakho-ke, cishe lesi sigameko akakwazi ngokuthi kwakuwukuhlasela uchuku ngaphandle.

Nokho, ohlangothini Croatian wayengafuni ukuba bavume ukuthi izinhlupho JNA neze emelelwa izithakazelo Serbia. Ngaphambi kuhlaselwa baseVukovar eyaqala Agasti 25, 1991, JNA abadlale indima ophikisayo. Esikhathini esizayo, ibutho zaseYugoslavia yayimelelwe kuphela ojenene bakhe, kanye ingxenye encane uhulumeni zamaKhomanisi.

kungakhathaliseki Croatia inecala?

Ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuhoxiswa amabutho zaseYugoslavia waseMpumalanga ESlavonia, Baranja naseNtshonalanga Srijem JNA namanje baqhubeka ukuhlaselwa kwabo ku Croatia. Ikakhulukazi, Dubrovnik. Futhi ubudlova liphinyiselwe owabonakaliswa Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi kuhlasela khona nasemhlanganweni ezazilawulwa amaSerbia Bosnian. Croatia, esikhundleni salokho, futhi walwa Army of Republika Srpska ensimini ka Herzegovina iBosnia.

Ngokusho izibalo wezazi, eNhlonhlweni Yamazwe AseBalkan, izisulu impi, eyathatha iminyaka emine, wayengekho ngaphansi kuka 20 eziyinkulungwane. Man. Ngenxa ukukhuthazwa UN nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ku-1995 impi eCroatia sanqamuka. Namuhla, zonke izingxoxo ziyancipha kuze kubuye ababaleki, lapho yena, inkulumo ngaphezulu mayelana nokubuyisa kuka uya ukwenza kube.

Ngokungangabazeki, ubudlelwane Croatia-Serbia kuze kube manje, kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya kude Licwathile. A ukushayisana mutual kwenzeke kuze kube yilolu suku. Ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo ukuthi yibona abahlushwa kakhulu izimpi. Nokho, demonization okungenamsoco abantu Croatian, ukuchitha yonke 90 futhi uqhubeke kwabanye manje, asishayisani esingokoqobo!