Umphakathi Umthengi - kuyini? Izici nemisebenzi

Abaningi bethu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe sibhekene welithi "umphakathi umthengi". Nokho, kuyini, owaziyo hhayi wonke umuntu, futhi engena inhlangano efanayo ukuze iningi kubonakala isinqumo kunalokho ezingabazisayo.

umphakathi Umthengi (wokubambisana) - inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo kwakheka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo impahla amalungu ayo. Kungaba yini: ukudla, inkonzo, izinto ezithile.

Ingqikithi yomsebenzi umthengi co-operative ilula. Iqembu labantu abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo ethile, enze iminikelo, okuyinto uthenga imishini ukwenziwa, futhi umkhiqizo osuphelile eyatholakala. isabelomali zenhlangano is agcwaliswa kuphela ngezithukuthuku abahlanganyeli nokwabelana.

Izinzuzo iqhaza umphakathi umthengi

Abantu abanale izinhlangano ezifanayo, begxile kakhulu izinzuzo zomnotho. Emphahleni ngokubambisana, kubiza amalungu ayo imali mancane kakhulu kunalawo imikhiqizo efanayo emakethe, ukubhaliswa loluhlelekile nokulawula izinga. Iqiniso lokuthi intela - nomqondo kwezohwebo, umphakathi umthengi engamenzi imikhiqizo yabo on ukudayiswa, ngakhoke ukukhiqizwa izinto engabizi.

Ukuze ukudayiswa inhlangano izimpahla ayidingekile ukuthola isitifiketi, ukudlula zonke izinhlobo test. Imisebenzi Association umjikelezo omubi - amalungu konke ukuthengwa umphakathi udinga ukukhiqiza, bese uthola izimpahla. imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa awatholakali esitolo futhi ningangeni emakethe. Ngezinye izikhathi amalungu omphakathi hhayi kuphela ukwenza iminikelo yezimali, kodwa futhi ubambe iqhaza kule nqubo ukukhiqizwa, ngoba yena ngihola evamile.

izinhlobo ezaziwa cooperatives

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama "umphakathi umthengi" umsindo ezingavamile kakhulu, izinhlangano ezifana ukuthola kunzima. Ngezinye izikhangiso izinhlangano ngokuya kodwa wabona elithi "wokubambisana", kodwa ezimweni eziningi uhlobo inhlangano aluboniswa nhlobo.

Kusukela umthengi imiphakathi yethu evamile bungabonakala izindlu kanye villa ukwakhiwa co-op. Amalungu ukukhokha njalo ethile, okuyinto siqondiswe ukuthengwa insimu, impahla kanye zabasebenzi, futhi ugcwale efulethini emva kwakhiwa isakhiwo.

Libuye credit wandile, yezolimo, ukudla kanye nezinye ama cooperatives umthengi. Ezinye zazo yilezi wokuvelela kakhulu futhi unikeze uhla ebanzi izidingo.

Inhlangano umphakathi umthengi

amalungu co-op abizwa ngokuthi abanikazi bamasheya. Kungenzeka kube yizakhamuzi ezivamile noma amabhizinisi, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. The main ebusayo of ukubambisana umthengi umhlangano jikelele, abaxoxa izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi amacala isebenze nomkhandlu kanye ibhodi umphakathi umthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganisa ukwakha umzimba ezilawula ukusebenza lezi zikhulu amaqembu wokubambisana, ukusiza ukuqaphela futhi kulungiswe amaphutha emisebenzini yayo.

umphakathi Umthengi ungakha ezihlukahlukene izikhungo ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kahle. Uma bamasheya bahlala emadolobheni ahlukene, ezindaweni ezithile amagatsha wokubambisana zidalwe. Noma kunjalo, uhlu izikhungo omele wadala akugcini - umphakathi ngokuvamile basekela inhlangano yokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokuphila amalungu ayo. izinhlangano ngamunye zidalwe, isibonelo, izikhungo zemfundo, elikwaziyo khona shareholder ngamunye.

nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela imisebenzi inkampani

Amalungelo amalungu lenhlangano zivikelwe umthetho we Russian Federation. Olufaka ngumlayo ku-co-operatives, iziqondiso okumele ilandelwe yonke imiphakathi umthengi. Ukuthi kuyini, izingxenye zalo kanye nezindaba yenhlangano ezibhekwa kule dokhumenti. Futhi, lolu daba kulawulwa the Civil Code nezinye iziqondiso.

Umthetho kuhloswe evikela amalungelo umthengi opertives masheya bayo. Ngakho, amayunithi noma imishini, okuyinto ilungu lale nhlangano awenzile ukuze inhlangano, asikwazi babaphuca enkantolo ngenxa izikweletu zakhe. Isisetshenziswa okuqondene umphakathi umthengi, akuyona intela. Uma umninimasheya unqume bashiye inhlangano, wabuyela wonke amasheya akhe, ngaphandle kuvulwa. Esimweni lapho inkantolo noma amalungu umphakathi umthengi ozonquma ukuqeda umshado wabo, impahla yakhe yonke ngaphandle indivisible Isikhwama ukubuyiselwa kubanikazi bamasheya.

Lomhlangano umphakathi umthengi

Cooperation usebenza nsuku yeningi, ukuphathwa Kwenziwa wonke amalungu alo. Imibuzo mayelana imisebenzi inhlangano ezibhekwa emihlanganweni amalungu. Abakwazi asondele kunoma yimuphi ilungu lenhlangano. Isinqumo umphakathi umthengi esithathwayo yokuvota, elingelakwaJuda ivoti omunye umnikazi wamasheya ngamunye.

Emhlanganweni, kumelwe kube khona okungenani isigamu lamalungu kudingeka baxwayiswe ngakho kungakapheli isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kosuku. Phakathi amacala Imisebenzi esemqoka kwenziwe iBhodi - umzimba omele inhlangano. Emihlanganweni kuchazwe amalungelo ababambiqhaza, usayizi iminikelo umphakathi umthengi, nge yezinjongo eziyinhloko ohlelweni wokubambisana nokuningi. Ekamu ukuqeqeshwa, ungakwazi ukubeka eceleni enamasheya owenqaba ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe, noma ukwamukela ilungu elisha lale nhlangano.

Indzima yahulumende emphakathini umthengi

I co-op has zayo siqu isigungu, obhekene umsebenzi kwezomnotho. Lokhu indima inikeza Board of Governors. amandla wakhe azifani zonke izinyunyana - basuke enqunywe yiBhodi. wamasheya ngamunye unelungelo ukuphakamisa ngokwami nganoma yisiphi isikhundla emphakathini umthengi, futhi ukhetho ukhetho kungumsebenzi ebhodini. usihlalo we-wokubambisana usebenzela egameni likasoseshini. Ukuze ulawule emagunyeni amisiwe Commission Audit.

Ubulungu emphakathini umthengi

Yiba yilungu le co-op kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: kuphakathi kokuthi nge ukubhalisa inhlangano, noma ngenxa engena inhlangano ekhona kakade. Esimeni sesibili, umuntu efuna ukuba abe umninimasheya kumele afake isicelo eMkhandlwini, okuyinto enquma ku ukwamukelwa of isakhamuzi emphakathini. Uma ujoyina inhlangano shareholder okhokhela izitolimende ezimbili: i yokungena kanye nengxenye. amalungu imali etshaliwe le co-op zidluliselwa isikhwama esikhethekile, lapho usebenza umphakathi umthengi. Kuyini futhi iziphi izinhlobo zayo ezikhona, ezichazwe ngezansi.

Uhlu eningiliziwe nemalungelo kanye netibopho bamasheya kungenzeka amelwe charter yenkampani.

Izimali inhlangano umthengi

Ukukhiqizwa kuvela iminikelo wokubambisana ngenxa bamasheya. Izimali ezitholwe asetshenziselwa ukuthengwa izinto, imishini, nokukhokhwa Ochwepheshe nokuningi. Iminikelo zigcinwa esikhwameni wokubambisana, okuyizinto ezintathu izinhlobo:

• yabelana, kwakhiwa okuyinto ngeminikelo iqhaza futhi senzelwe bunqopha izindleko e senqubo yokukhiqiza;
• Reserve wadala isinxephezeliso umonakalo zokusuka ezimweni eziphuthumayo;
• Isikhwama indivisible kuyinto impahla ezingeke nahlukanisiwe.

Lapho ukuqedwa kusho ngokuhlanganisa ke wabe bamasheya. Lo mthetho awusebenzi Isikhwama indivisible, impahla okuyinto zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela umphakathi nezinye ezentengiselwano. Uma inhlangano ubophekile ukuba akhokhe loan, lemali edingekayo ayifakiwe kwasekuqaleni.

Kanjani ukwakha umphakathi umthengi?

Cooperation ayikwazi ukusungula isakhamuzi - inhlangano bamasheya bhalisiwe esikhathini esizayo, inani eyakuba abantu hhayi angaphansi kwamahlanu njalo noma izinhlangano ezintathu. Okokuqala, udinga ubambe umhlangano abalekeleli lowemukela i-sisekelo wokubambisana umthengi kanye nohlu amalungu ayo, kanye nohulumeni akhethwe. Khona-ke inkampani ebhaliswe njengenkolo esemthethweni ezikhungweni zomphakathi, bese ethola isimo esemthethweni. Nge umdali icala ngalinye emnyango futhi yabelana umnikelo futhi inqubo ukukhiqizwa iqala.

Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana inyunyana umthengi imiphakathi?

Ukuze insebenziswano ngcono ikhwalithi zokukhiqiza-co-operatives kungase kufakwe indawo leyo nososeshini. Imibhalo main elawula imisebenzi Union kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge ukuxhumana namalungu ayo, kukhona usomqulu bese isivumelwano isisekelo. umphakathi Umthengi usebenza ngokusebenzisa iminikelo amalungu ayo. abameli benyunyana ukuqapha imisebenzi cooperatives, ngcono umkhiqizo wabo. Eziningi zalezi zinhlangano akhiwa nsuku indawo, obumba yesifunda, yesigodi, yesifunda nawesifunda izinhlangano umthengi. The Inkampani ezahlanganiswa inhlangano igcina uzibuse futhi uhlala engokomthetho ehlukile.

Izinzuzo amalungu Central Union

Lona iningi emikhulu inhlangano Ungafaka njengoba inhlangano lesifunda kanye umphakathi umthengi ehlukile. Kuyini futhi yiziphi izinzuzo iqhaza enhlanganweni, ochazwa ngumthetho. Amalungu inhlangano Unelungelo ukusebenzisa izwi egameni "Russia". Abe-Central Union of Consumer Societies limelela izithakazelo amalungu ayo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Yena waziphatha ukuthengwa imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye ukudla kwabantu elikhulu emalungeni awo. Musa ukudida welithi "umphakathi umthengi emaphakathi" nenyunyana. Eyokuqala uvame ukubizwa umphakathi ojwayelekile.

Ukuthandwa emazweni CIS

Cooperation - Kuyaziwa e-United - amalungu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo iyona umphakathi umthengi "Shining Path", ojamele Russian Federation. Inhlangano yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila yamalungu ayo. Inyunyana waziphatha ukudayiswa amafulethi ngentengo ephansi, inikeza ukubolekisa izimoto, inikeza usizo lwezokwelapha kanye zomthetho.

Ngo Belarus, a Grodno legatsha kuhle ngemphumelelo Grodno lesifunda umphakathi umthengi, ukuhlinzeka amasevisi ayo ukuba izakhamizi kanye nezakhamuzi kwendawo. Inhlangano inenethiwekhi ebanzi ezitolo, lapho bamasheya Ungathenga ukudla eliphezulu, izingubo, kanye ezikhethekile yokwakha.