Douglas McGregor: umnikelo ukuphathwa

Njengoba uchwepheshe Psychology PhD yezenhlalakahle Douglas McGregor isikhathi eside wahlanganyela izindaba ukuphathwa. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, igama lakhe liye lihlotshaniswa imibono brilliant kule ndawo.

Ngeshwa, Douglas McGregor umnikelo ukuphathwa kuphela sibonga omunye emsebenzini ophelele owenziwa nguJesu. Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe yodwa ososayensi ongalindela emhlabeni ngaphambi kokufa wamthatha ekuphileni oneminyaka engu-57. Theory X Y Douglas McGregor futhi okusalungiswa eziningana izihloko ziye awukapheli, - kuphela ifa we isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American.

Umqondo oyinhloko we-X-McGregor

Douglas McGregor wenza ezizathwini ezimbili ngomuntu ukuziphatha. Phakathi nesifundo, wathi, kuze kufike kungenziwa okabili emvelweni yomuntu.

Ngakho, imfundiso X Douglas McGregor eqala banombono ongemuhle ngabantu.

It ephawula umuntu njengoba umuntu:

• has ukuvelela (ngisho ngokwezinga elincane, lesi sici kuvamile kubo bonke);
• Ayithandi ukusebenza;
• sifuna ukugwema umthwalo;
• It ingasebenza ngempumelelo kuphela uma ukugadwa esiqinile.

Umqondo oyinhloko we Y McGregor

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, imfundiso yokuziphendukela Y Douglas McGregor ephawula umuntu iphuzu omuhle umbono.

Ibonisa indoda, njengoba umuntu okwaziyo:

• ukuzithiba inhlangano;
• bathathe umthwalo;
• azibonayo umsebenzi njengoba into yemvelo, okuyinto efana ne umdlalo noma ukuphumula.

Lezi zinkolelo-mbono ezingqubuzanayo ukubeka phambili ngesisekelo socwaningo.

Kuchazwa kwemigomo imfundiso yokuziphendukela

Kunezindlela eziningana zici ayisisekelo, okuyinto bacubungula Douglas McGregor. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela x kanye y kusekelwe imisebenzi oPhethe emsebenzini. Lolu cwaningo lwathola ukuthi kukhona imingcele ethile ukuthi ukuchaza izenzo oPhethe. Ukuwathatha ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe, ukulawula ukwazi ukulawula izenzo abangaphansi.

Lezi nemingcele zisekelwe:

• izinkinga abangaphansi etholakala;
• isikhathi ukuthola imisebenzi;
• inkolelo esezandleni ze-okhonzile, ukuze kuqinisekwe kokuthola umvuzo;
• njengoba kubulawa umsebenzi imisebenzi;
• kulindeleke nesikhathi umsebenzi ukukhishwa;
• ngokuhlanganyela (umbuthano kwangaphakathi), okuyinto lucwaningo operation inceku;
• izimali kuhlinzekelwe ekwenzeni imisebenzi;
• imiyalelo ekhishwe ukuphathwa;
• izinkolelo yisigqila ukuthola bonke kungenzeka lesi sabelo;
• Amaholo iqinisekisiwe yimpumelelo umsebenzi ukusebenza;
• ezingeni ongaphansi ukuhileleka endaweni izinkinga ezihlobene nomsebenzi.

Douglas McGregor waveza umbono wokuthi imithetho mayelana imfundiso yokuziphendukela Y, eduze iqiniso. Zimelela ngokunembile abasebenzi, ngakho-ke, ukuthi la malungiselelo kufanele bacabangele lapho ekwakheni izinqubomgomo ukuphathwa nemikhuba.

Theory X: bezimiso zawo eziyinhloko

Izinhlinzeko eziphathelene X ithiyori, imi kanje:

1. Ngesisekelo isimo sawo, abasebenzi kufanele sengqondo esingaqondile kakhulu ukusebenza. Bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukugwema ke, uma lokhu izimo sici.
2. Ukuze kuzuzwe elamukelekile ababeholwa okufanele aphoqwe ukuba asebenze. Isisebenzi kufanele kube ngaphansi kolawulo esiqinile. Kungenjalo, lokhu kungasetshenziswa isigwebo sokufa abampofu umsebenzi.
3. Abasebenzi abaqhuba amacebo ka ukugwema imisebenzi efakwe kuyo. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe aphishekele umsebenzi kudinga isiqondiso esisemthethweni cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho lokhu kwesisekelo.
4. I kuqala ngoba iningi abasebenzi kufanele kuqala kunazo zonke umuzwa wokulondeka, bese zonke nezinye izinto ezihlobene nokusebenzelana umsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, izimo ezinjalo azivamile ukukhombisa isifiso sokuvelela okukhulu.

Okwazekayo: bezimiso zawo eziyinhloko

Lo mbono ka Douglas McGregor kuhlanganisa iinjamiso ezilandelako:

1. Bezibona umsebenzi yamukelwa abasebenzi efomini yemvelo efanayo umdlalo noma iholidi.
2. Kuncike ukuzinikela izisebenzi ezithile zenkampani yakhe futhi egxile ekutholeni umphumela omuhle kuyaqhubeka ngeke kudingeke isiqondiso eyengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa ku ingxenye control.
3. ngokusho izibalo umuntu ovamile ungafunda ukuthatha zibhekane nemiphumela yezenzo zazo, zize ngisho zifunde indlela sifiso sakhe.
4. Phakathi ikhono labantu ukuba benze izinqumo ezinhle ngempela kwandile. Leli khono awukona ngempela esivela abaphathi nabasebenzi.

Theory X: incazelo endaweni yokuqala

Douglas McGregor uphawula ukuthi amalungiselelo okuyinto esivela ku-mbono yokuziphendukela X, ivamile impela izincwadi ku izinhlangano. Eqinisweni, i-imikhuba ukuphathwa nezinqubomgomo wasebenzisa la malungiselelo kukalutshwana kakhulu.

Sikhishwe yokuthi umuntu ovamile bazalwa benomuzwa we distaste umsebenzi, McGregor kungenzeka ukulandelela ngisho umlando leli lungiselelo futhi ukukhomba accent, osiqondisayo abaphathi. Bona uzwakalise ukukhathazeka ngezinga okungenzeka kungagcini amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni bethole indlela ekhethekile lomholo ngabanye. indima yayo kubonisa ngokugcwele ukuthi ngesisekelo lesi simiso kusengaphambili kuyinkolelo yokuthi nobuholi imizamo edingekayo ukuze ulwe ukuthambekela kwabantu anqikaze umsebenzi.

Theory X: incazelo isikhundla yesibili

Kusukela okukhipha ngenhla yokuma yesibili. Banikezwe zokungazimiseli lomuntu esingokwemvelo umsebenzi, kukhona isidingo isenzo esiqondile ingxenye ekuphathweni.

Lezi zenzo ukuze:

• ukuphoqa umuntu ukuba enze umsebenzi;
• sizithibe ngesilinganiso;
• ukuqondisa izenzo zakhe;
• umkhuba maqondana iningi abantu Inqubomgomo nokuxhashazwa.

Zonke lezi zenzo ahloselwe abantu kokucindezelwa ekwenzeni igalelo lalo ifeze wenhlangano jikelele.

Kulokhu, isiphetho ukuthi uhlelo umvuzo akusona isiqinisekiso of kusetjentiswa ngemphumelelo imisebenzi umsebenzi. Banxuse isici kungaba usongo ethola kuphela ngokujeziswa. Futhi konke lokhu kuvela inkolelo yokuthi abantu ongenza umsebenzi kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya ukuphoqwa zangaphandle kanye nokulawula.

Theory X: incazelo isikhundla yesithathu

isikhundla Okwesithathu uveza ukuthi umuntu ovamile ungathanda ukubuswa. Wesaba umthwalo, it is hhayi libhekene khona izifiso ezithile futhi umsebenzi wayo ihlose ngokuyinhloko ngokulondeka kwabo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amagugu zezenhlalo nezombusazwe Melika ibonisa izimfanelo ekahle umuntu ovamile, iningi abaphathi e ukuphila kwangempela ukuphila ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi "nenqwaba Okuqukethwe akuzwakali."

Ngesisekelo amalungiselelo labelwe McGregor ayikhiphi umzamo ukuze afakazele ukuthi isikimu akuyona abstract bokusungula. Kuyinto okusakazekile imikhuba ukuphathwa ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.

Ukucacisa kusukela ithiyori

Amalungiselelo okungaphansi kwenkululeko imfundiso yokuziphendukela X, baye bagxekwa ngu McGregor. Ngokwe-theory Y, indoda uchitha amandla akhe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, hhayi kuphela ukuphumula noma play, kodwa futhi ku umsebenzi Lowo okhuluma ubunjalo yalesi ukugeleza yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ovamile ngeke ngempela abonise ubutha lo msebenzi.

Nesidingo zangaphandle mibandela siqedwa. Umuntu kuyoba kuncike self-ukuphathwa nokuzithiba, ukuthi banesibopho umsebenzi amaholo, okuyinto ukuhlobanisa umuntu impumelelo yayo. Futhi ingxenye umvuzo womuntu labaluleke kakhulu imizamo yabo iyona umuzwa wokwaneliseka izidingo iSilekeleli Sokwazisa nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano isiqinisekiso.

Kuyinto lezi nezifiso asisekelo ekufezeni izinhloso zenhlangano kohlaka imfundiso yokuziphendukela W.