Detinets: yilokho wayekusholo nenjongo ekuphileni emzini futhi kanjani kulezi zinsuku?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, lokho Detinets, kulula. Emaphakathi, ingxenye ezinezivikelo eziqinile kakhulu emzini eRussia lasendulo, kamuva esabizwa ngesizwe Kremlin.

okusho Detinets

Ukuvela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla kusukela 1097, igama elithi eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Ngo 1317, lapho incazelo kokwakhiwa Tver yaqale waphawula igama elisha enkabeni yedolobha - the Kremlin, ngokushesha yimfashini, ukusetshenziswa nokuqonda lokho Detinets, laqala ukunyamalala esenzeka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zanyamalala ngokuphelele.

Defense nemithelela lenqaba

isimo Old Russian, esisogwini indlela "kusukela amaViking namaGreki", ine indawo ekhangayo abahlaseli abaningi bezinye izizwe. ukungavumelani kwangaphakathi zaxazululeka futhi esebenzisa lempi. Emiphakathini ukuthi inkathi khona amasosha kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela ikhono komnikazi babe kuyindaba sokusinda ngempela.

I ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu indawo isitha, elisoGwini egqumeni, sizungezwe moats kanye stockade ngokhuni - a Detinets. Nge isakhiwo esinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi eside ukugcina ukuzivikela, icashe izindonga labantu kulo muzi, akungabazeki.

Boys nge ebuntwaneni wafundisa izisekelo zempi, izikhali yifa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ukuvikela nemizana, futhi kamuva bomuzi bevuka umhlaba wonke.

lenqaba Yomphakathi

Northern omakhelwane ngokuthi izwe Russian "Gardariki", ukuthi iyizwe eziningi imizi enezivikelo eziqinile, nesikhungo salo Veliky Novgorod.

Futhi umuzi wawuyigolide eziningi ngempela. Wahlukana ku fiefdoms, Russ ibingazi lutho ukuphathwa eyodwa, ngokuba njalo esimweni izimpi zombango. Izikhulu nozalo lwabo eziningi, wathola ngesikhathi sokubusa ezweni, elamiswa umuzi wabo siqu yokuhlala nenqaba ukuvikela ifa labo.

Okokuqala, ngazakhela Detinets. Icacisa isikhundla salo ukuze zilawule izimo zemvelo. endaweni ephakeme nasendaweni emfuleni - izidingo eziyisisekelo ukubukeka kwayo. Ukuba inqaba amandla phezu kwesikhulu, kwathiwa yibona ezicukuthwaneni nezakhamuzi ezicebile. Izikhulu nabefundisi esakhiwe lapha emakamelweni abo nezigodlo ukuze bakhonze izinceku eziningi.

Kodwa umuzi wawuyigolide ivulekele nabakhi nabathengisi, ngubani owelulela lapha bezofuna umsebenzi kanye nokuvikelwa. Trade ugcwele ngomfula. Tillers ixazululwe emaphethelweni noma ngaphandle kodonga lomuzi, eduze emasimini abo basebenze ngokuzikhandla.

I dolobhana zakhula emhlabeni, bangazihluphi yonke indawo le nqaba, bese niphuma nangale. Maphakathi nokuphila edolobheni, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zako, baba Detinets. Kuyini nakakhulu ukuba indawo ngamandla nangengcebo, akumangazi. Nge izitaladi zazo futhi endaweni yezitolo, kwaba idolobha emzini.

Ukubaluleka obungokomoya balabo lenqaba

Church Detinets eyakhelwe kanyekanye ne izindonga. Ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu kanye izakhamuzi bakha umuzi wabo, futhi wamvikela. Njengoba nemizana wanabalalisela emhlabeni lenqaba lamiswao emasontweni nakwezinye izinkolo eziningi, kodwa isonto main omuzi wahlala okwakuvame ngaphakathi kwezindonga.

Eceleni kwakhe selilos abefundisi ephakeme komuzi, kwi umhlobiso lamathempeli engawayekanga imali. Kukulo muzi lapho kwaba ukuthi sakhiwo lesidze kakhulu, eyasebenza njengodonga kokubili umbhoshongo sibhekile. Futhi lapha siya endaweni yokukhuleka ilindele isitha sihlasela.

Novgorod ezibiyele

I ezibiyele e Veliky Novgorod - iyona ezibiyele lasendulo eRussia, okuyinto kungenziwa wavakashela namuhla. Wasindisa hhayi kuphela izindonga, tower ne izakhiwo, okuyizinto ezikhumbuzo eyigugu kakhulu, kodwa futhi igama yayo yasekuqaleni.

IziKronike bathi ku 1044 emfuleni Volkhov Yaroslavovich Prince uVladimir (indodana ka Yaroslava Mudrogo) baqala ukwakha Detinets. Uyini isakhiwo kuzohlala endaweni eyodwa ngoba cishe eyinkulungwane, akekho ongalindela.

Ngemva konyaka, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha Cathedral main Novgorod - UZandile Church, okuyinto lanikezelwa eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Stone Church, zaveza amahlanu ngemva ukwakhiwa, ke aye wasigcina ingxenye encane eqoshiwe futhi kuze kube namuhla. The main ingxenye Umdwebo - ekhulwini ngaphambi zokugcina. Namuhla - a lombhishobhi Novgorod Metropolitan Church.

Detinets Ngokhuni eshile kabusha futhi, kodwa iminyaka sokuhlupheka wazikhulula kuye. Namuhla sibona udonga lwamatshe ukuphakama 8-15 ngamamitha; 9 zemibhoshongo 12; Episcopal (Faceted) Chamber of ngekhulu xv; nezinye izikhumbuzo lasendulo.

Indawo eliyingqikithi ezibiyele lesikwele isikhumbuzo seminyaka eyiNkulungwane yeRussia, ilethwa 1862.

Buildings ku 1865 uthatha Novgorod Museum Reserve, eziningi nokucacisa kanye nemibukiso okuyizinto livulekele izivakashi. Namuhla, kunamabandla umtapo lesifunda yesayensi, umculo esikoleni, ehholo. Izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi indawo engcono eNovgorod - kuyinto Detinets zabo ukuthi ukusondela enjalo izinhlangano zamasiko edolobheni kusiza kulondolozwe amagugu zomlando ngesikhathi esisodwa okwenza kube yibo bonke abantu.

Umsuka wegama elithi "Detinets"

Ukwazi kahle ukuthi Detinets lapho walondoloza isakhiwo sasendulo eRussia, futhi yini indawo bekatsatsa empilweni abantu bomuzi ukuthatha eyinkulungwane edlule futhi namuhla, ngingathanda ukuqonda Umsuka wegama elithi uqobo.

Ngokusho "Wikipedia", imicabango yabantu kule ababaluleke ezimbalwa:

1. Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov) e 1808 wasikisela ukuba impande izwi esifanayo "izingane", okuyinto ngesikhathi kuhlasela izitha icashe izindonga.

2. MH Aleshkovsky babekholelwa ukuthi ayephelezelwa kwesikhulu (intsha, izingane), abahlala inqaba, bametha igama. Ochwepheshe ukuphikisa lesi incazelo, bethi ku Novgorod Detinets wahlala kuphela abefundisi, izikhulu - eseduze e iNdunduma.

3. F. Laskowski siqiniseke ukuthi izwi livela "ukwenza" Isenzo. Nge ingozi icashe odongeni, "intombi nto" zonke umcebo ebaluleke kunayo kuze kube izingane.

4. Ngokomfanekiso academician ka Ioannina, umsuka izwi elihlobene ne ukuqoqwa endaweni ye omkhulu, abadala, izinkinga ezibucayi.

Ukuze ajwayelane Novgorod detintsem kungase kunganeli ngosuku olulodwa. Ukuze uvakashele zezindela eseduze, emigwaqweni yomuzi futhi ezikhangayo, okuyinto abacebile Veliky Novgorod, kudingeka isikhathi esiningi wena.