Cathedral Epiphany, umlando Kazan, izithombe, amahora kanye nesimiso amasevisi, ikheli kanye nenombolo yocingo. I isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ka Cathedral of the Epiphany, Kazan

Kazan Lasendulo, Russia taivshaya a kosongo Tatar Ukuhlasela, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka waba uphawu abantu Orthodox zobugqila, ngemva kwalowo mkhankaso enqobile Ivana Groznogo e 1552 yaba ilungu le-state Russian. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ezitaladini zawo zazilotshiwe bezitolo eMoscow abathengisi Novgorod, kodwa futhi-Orthodox, umsindo ekhexisayo izinsimbi dolobha wahlasela Khanate hhayi kuphela.

isonto wokhuni Prolomnaya esangweni

Namuhla, esinye sezithunywa edume kunazo amathempelana Orthodox umhlaba iVolga itholakala lapha Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan, yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan). Kukholakala ukuthi isiko-Orthodox waqala ukuthatha ukuma engxenyeni kwekhulu XVI yesibili, kodwa ibandla lokuqala lokhuni uvele lapha ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi. It lamiswao kuyo leyo ndawo lapho kanye ayelapho okubizwa ngokuthi Prolomnye esangweni.

Leli gama Abasikweleta yokuthi ngesikhathi edlwengulwa ngofaka amatutu Ivan le Kubi e-1552, lokhu lapho ukuqhuma ngokushaja powder yasungulwa ukwephulwa esodongeni lomuzi lapho abacibisheli avimbezela Kazan, ngikutholile ngaphakathi. Kamuva le ndawo yakhiwa esangweni, Nagayskimi eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni, kodwa abantu ebabiza ngendlela yakhe - Prolomnaya. Igama elifanayo wanikezwa futhi mgwaqo nezinsalela lapha ekuqaleni namuhla ngokuthi Bauman.

Ukwakhiwa ethempelini - ukuziqhenya bendawo

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVIII, lapho yayingasekho izindonga zomuzi noma esangweni, ibandla wokhuni eyakhelwe endaweni yabo, ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa Epiphany, namanje eyaziwa ngokuthi "yebandla Prolomnaya esangweni." Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1731, lapho agugile ngesikhathi (ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo ashisiwe) isonto lokhuni ladilizwa futhi endaweni yayo aseqalile ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi entsha itshe. Leli thempeli lamiswao phezu iminikelo ka zenzisa abathengisi ezimbili Kazan - Mikhlyaev I. no S. Chernoff.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli eyathatha ncamashi a yingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka futhi laqedwa ngo-1756. Lesi sakhiwo esisha eduze exovwe elakhelene nodonga lwawo esenyakatho isonto Andreya Pervozvannogo, elakhiwa ngo-1701. Ukuba evuthayo, lalisetshenziselwa yokukhulekela ebusika. Kulo lonke ikhulu XVIII, lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kwamiswa, ezazihlanganisa, ngaphezu ukwakha Epiphany Cathedral kanye Church St. Andrew, ubuye ezimbili-tiered isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, eyayintula canopied, wema engqongeni ngasentshonalanga endlini abapristi. Umkhandlu futhi wayevela kuleyo minyaka, futhi enye indlu, hhayi esekhona, ake wama esizeni lesikhumbuzo samanje Chaliapin.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi esikhathini sangaphambi wamavukelambuso Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan) bekugcwele ezivakashelwa kakhulu kuleli dolobha. Amalungu esonto lakhe babe abameleli wonke amaqembu omphakathi. Phakathi yokukhulekela ngaphansi nemengamo yalo kungabonwa kanye aristocrats zendawo osomabhizinisi yimpumelelo ngubani ivukile ngemva muva nje umsuka capitalism isiRashiya, izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje, ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakheka isisekelo umphakathi. Ngo-1873 lapho ebhapathizwa inkanyiso ikusasa Russian futhi izwe esiteji Fodora Ivanovicha Shalyapina. Lapho ikhula, waqala umsebenzi wakhe zomculo njengoba chorister ekhwayeni lombhishobhi.

Eminyakeni phambi inguquko babapristi lombhishobhi kwakunemifanekiso abaningi besayensi Russian namasiko, Ushiye i isinyathelo phezu umlando waleli zwe. Phakathi EA kubo waziwa Malov - ovelele ethnographer Russian futhi sezilimi, umbhali wencwadi yemiqulu emibili ye-imisebenzi ku ukusungulwa ubuKristu e Kazan, okuyinto eyaba omunye initiators kushicilelwe Qur'an kubuye kube khona ukuhunyushwa parallel Russian. Iphinde wakhonza futhi isazi semfundiso yenkolo ovelele, Archpriest Mikhail (Zefirov), ngubani ayedumile njengoba omunye osolwazi eziholayo Kazan Imperial University, nabanye abaningi.

ITestamente umnikazi zenzisa

Ezikhathini ezadlulayo, futhi namuhla Luhambo uyakhazinyuliswa Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), kuyinto isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi wayo odumile. Umlando indalo yayo usekhona zomlando kwemibhalo ubudala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1892, wafa omunye izakhamuzi ezicebile abahlonishwa kakhulu Kazan, isakhamuzi yayo zokuhlonipha, owokuqala inhlangano yomthengisi Ivan Semenovich Krivonosov. Njengoba lomqondisi ebhange zomphakathi edolobheni, kuba ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe wachuma esiningi intando yakhe wawuthi eshiya ruble ngamashumi amathathu anamahlanu amawaka ekunikelweni Epiphany Cathedral, owawungumnyaka iminyaka eminingi nemantshi. Leli phepha lalithi futhi ukuthi leli nani (elikhulu ngesikhathi) okufanele sisetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni lombhishobhi insimbi.

esiqalweni Ezinhle iRussia siswele njalo, nokho zintule imali ngezinye izikhathi kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwazo. Kodwa kusukela kulesi simo udaba ngezimali yaxazululwa ngokushesha yamemezela umncintiswano ukuklama Ngokuzayo isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Iphephandaba lendawo "Volzhsky iGazethi" ahlinzekwa bonke abafisa iqhaza ngayo, zithi kwiKhomishana iyothathwa umsebenzi kwenziwe elidala isitayela isiRashiya, futhi ucacise okungenani banikezwe ukuphakama isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi - 32 kungamafathomu (mayelana 69 metres).

Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-ongenagama

Njengoba okuningi njengoba kungase kuzwakale engenangqondo, kodwa igama umakhi owanqoba emncintiswaneni waba umsunguli wobuciko neyaziwayo bokwakha isonto, eyakhiwa abantu eminyakeni engamakhulu kuphela edlule, ayikaziwa. Iqiniso lokuthi umdwebo elahlekile basembhoshongweni insimbi, lapho igama lakhe liye ecacisiwe. Kukholakala ukuthi abawinile okungenzeka kakhulu yiwona abaklami ezimbili - Genrih Rush futhi Mikhail Mikhailov. Abasekeli ngalinye lala maphuzu umbono, inombolo ezanele agumenti iyakholweka.

It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi uMnu Rusch iwine ruble 150 njengoba winner, kodwa Umqondisi Mikhailov, kuphambene nesiko - ophumelele eyodwa futhi yakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e Kazan zomlando aqukethe imibhalo mayelana umbango phakathi abaklami baphikisana ngokuthi ngubani owabhala le phrojekthi. Kodwa noma kunjalo, umsebenzi ngokuwina lalikufanelekela ukunconywa besikhathi sakhe seyenziwe njengenye ziphephile owaqhutshelwa e-1896 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ezimbonini kanye art embukisweni.

Ukwakhiwa edumile isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi

It senziwa ngoNovemba 1893 kubekwa zemikhosi insimbi umbhoshongo esizayo konyaka, kodwa ngemva emgodini bemba ngaphansi umsebenzi isisekelo ngezizathu ezingaziwa wayeka waqhubeka kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo esiyingqayizivele wathatha isikhathi kangako. Ngo-1897 yena isuswe abese ezineka ezingodweni zokugcina futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ka Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan) Wabonakala phambi izakhamuzi zedolobha bonke ubuhle balo.

Ukuphelelisa ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni insimbi laqala ukwenyuka kwe-izinsimbi ngesikhathi sakhe - kuqala ubudala, olusindayo zazo kuhlaziywe 217 amakhilogremu (3472 kg), bese entsha, ngokukhethekile olubunjiwe salokhu eMoscow zilethwe Kazan ngesitimela. isisindo sawo sasiyitalenta 526 amakhilogremu (8416 kg). Khona-ke phezu kombhoshongo insimbi usethe engu- eziyisithupha-foot ezenziwe metal futhi wambozwa gilding.

amaphephandaba eyayisekhona wesikhathi kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni insimbi usephendukele izitini kwezigidi ezimbili, izindleko ingqikithi umsebenzi lidlule inani washiyela yomthengisi IS Krivonosov, esibalelwa ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu, nezinkulungwane eziyishumi okuyinto wahamba ukwakha isisekelo. Kuphinde kwabikwa ukuthi izimali ezingekho ukuze kwakhiwe yaseKazan bhishobhi enikeziwe.

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha

Okuxakayo ukuthi la umbhoshongo isikhencezo Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan), ukuba azimele ukubaluleka yezakhiwo kanye engomunye kwezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke-Orthodox isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, isibe odumile ngaphezulu kunethempeli, okuyiwona yayakhiwe. Ngaphakathi endlini, kuba uqimba yesibili, ithempeli kwakhiwa inkumbulo umthengisi Krivonosov. It lanikezelwa ngo-May 1904.

Iphephandaba «Volzhsky Bulletin", okwakubekelwa okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni echaza lesi sigameko, eyaqala ngo-June 1901. Ngalolo suku, bahlaselwa isiphepho esinzima kwagqashuka kanye lokuduma yawela ngqo umbhoshongo insimbi, okwenza kube udonga ukuhluleka omkhulu. Ngokushesha ixoshe up eyesithathu uqimba ophahleni aseRama ngaphansi insimbi enkulu. Thanda emva eqinile ukuqhuma, izitini, amatshe imfucumfucu egcwele phansi futhi izitezi we uqimba yesibili, abekade ezihlukahlukene iphonswe emgwaqweni. ngiyabonga kuphela izenzo ephumelelayo nokuzidela sofakazi eninamathela ngesibindi baphuthuma ukucima, lonke Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan) awuzange ehlanganiswa umlilo.

iminyaka prerevolutionary

Ngo-1909 kwanqunywa ukuba ahlukanisa ubudala ngenxa dilapidation, yokuphela-ekhulwini belfry ezimbili-tiered. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi entsha Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan, yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan) wahlala kuphela edolobheni, futhi kuphela obize ukushaya izinsimbi besonto eziningi.

ukwakhiwa eyengeziwe eziyinkimbinkimbi Cathedral waphazanyiswa izenzakalo kuka-1917. Kodwa kuze kube manje, ifake eziningi izakhiwo. Kuyinto ngaphezu kwakho konke yena Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), futhi isonto efudumele egameni Andreya Pervozvannogo nethempeli encane, wahlela phansi basembhoshongweni insimbi, egcwele lesikhumbuzo ukuze lokuthi yesibili, yayakhiwe kunqunywe izindleko. Lapho, emva amaBolshevik liqala ukubusa, ukuvalwa mass amasonto, Epiphany Cathedral waqhubeka esebenza. Esikhathini kusuka 1920 kuya 1935 wakhonza njengombonisi lombhishobhi womuzi, okwakwenza isevisi uqobo Kazan Metropolitan.

Temple, ibekwe ngaphansi ishede

Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi, i-Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), umlando okuyinto kakhulu efana isiphetho iningi lamasonto isiRashiya, yavalwa. Nesonto eduze St Andrew ladilizwa futhi endaweni yayo, njengokungathi wayefuna ukulimaza imizwa buhlungu zamakholwa wakha menagerie we zoo edolobheni. Ngenxa yalokho, salandelwa multi-storey esakhiweni sokuhlala.

Lesi sakhiwo kakhulu efanayo lombhishobhi kuze zamashumi amahlanu yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ishede lokugcina izincwadi kanye e-belfry behlaliswe bezitolo kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa. Khona-ke, ejimini lamiswa ngo-ke, kusukela ophahleni ezidiliziwe kanye isipikili ngumuntu ikhanda esiphambanweni ngaphakathi lemva zonke Decor, ongowenani elikhulu kwezobuciko.

Ukuqala imvuselelo shrine

Kuphela sixties ngenxa yemisebenzi omude abameleli ezisemadolobheni nezazi kanye Museum ochwepheshe isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi lithole isimo lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo ivikelwe, futhi ngokokuqala liye zibuyiselwe eminyakeni. Ubethula wabuyela ifomu bekulokhu waziqhenya ngalokho ayekwenzile Kazan njalo.

Epiphany Cathedral, isithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, sabuyiswa esontweni ngo-1997. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona umphumela ushintsho olukhulu inqubomgomo kahulumeni maqondana inkolo, okuyinto umuzwa wamukelekile. Kodwa umbhoshongo insimbi uhlala wemfanelo Ministry of Culture. It has yezobuciko nokuchaza efakwe Museum yobuciko lasendulo, futhi ngo-2001, banikezwe udluliseleke into engavamile wezangaphakathi, ihholo ekamelweni yaqanjwa Chaliapin wavulwa.

Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan): isheduli amasevisi, ikheli kanye namahora okuvula

Njengoba isikhathi sihamba siyobona konke endaweni yayo. Namuhla, njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, omunye izikhungo main obungokomoya balabo lasendulo iVolga muzi Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan). Luhlelo yamasevisi Waphezulu, othumele emnyango, ihlukile neze kusukela nezinye Orthodox amasonto omsebenzi. It kufakazela ukuthi inkonzo kulo abazenzi ngokugcwele, olunikezwa sisekelo esontweni. Zenziwa nsukuzonke. Phakathi nezinsuku, le Nowaphezulu uqala at 8:00 am, futhi amaSonto kanye namaholide at 9:00. amasevisi Kusihlwa abazenzi ne 17:00.

Kodwa lokhu iwashi akugcini ukufinyelela amakholwa in the Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan). Ukusebenza isikhathi basibekele usuku lonke, kusukela ekuseni nesiphetho liyewushona. Ngakho-ke samukelwa emasontweni, iningi Orthodox, lapho abantu beze kaningi ukuze nje nihlale ezizungeze izithonjana ongcwele, ukuphefumula impepho ebusisekile, nithandazela izindaba zabo eziyisisekelo, futhi ucele isibusiso sikaNkulunkulu.

Ukuze ubani nesithakazelo umlando izakhiwo zesonto eRussia futhi kusikisela ukuya kwi iVolga, kuyoba usizo kakhulu ukuvakashela Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan) kuleli kheli: Kazan, ul. Bauman, 78. Awukwazi kuphela bajwayelane lokhu lesikhumbuzo oluvelele bokwakha, kodwa futhi ukuba sithandaze, futhi ngoMgqibelo Chapel nge isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi womthandazo ukuze impilo abathandekayo noma inkonzo yesikhumbuzo abafileyo.

NgamaSonto futhi izinsuku besonto njalo, futhi labo ethempelini okokuqala, ungathola injabulo enkulu lapho ngiphawula ukucula akafistnogo uzibophezele lapha at 17:00. Kulabo ungathanda ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa, ngaphambi kokuba uye Cathedral of the Epiphany (Kazan), yocingo: (843) 292 17 58. yomshayeli ngamunye uzothola impendulo olunzulu yimiphi imibuzo yabo.