Car "Ural-375": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, incazelo, injini, abanikazi langempela

Kuze kube manje, kukhona abaningi Uphawu lezimoto. On the amamodeli ngisho asikhulumi, ngoba ukubala kungenzeki zokugcina. Kodwa uma kuziwa izimoto, kudingeka uqonde ukuthi abanye baye bathola ukusatshalaliswa ekhethekile. Abanye empeleni ukwazi emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho kwenzekani lapho igama baba vu yasendlini. Leyo akuyona nje umkhiqizo kanye nomqondo, kodwa kunalokho kophawu imisebenzi ethile.

Qala of waqala

"Ural-375" - eyodwa vó yalezi amayunithi. Yebo, kuwo wonke umhlaba kungaba, futhi abazi, kodwa lapha CIS kunzima ukuthola umuntu omdala, ungoyedwa ongazazi ukuthi unjani.

Isinqumo ukukhiqiza imoto entsha sathathwa yiKomidi Central LamaKhomanisi imodeli kufike emuva 1958. Njengoba omunye abakhiqizi ezinkulu wakhethwa njengosuku isikhathi Ural Automobile Plant. It ikhona kuze kube manje Miass, eduze Chelyabinsk.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha Massive olugunyazwe uhulumeni we zwe elikhulukazi, bafuna ngodli izindleko ezinkulu. Amagoli kwakudingeka nje aqonde bathethelele indlela. Kodwa, uma ubheka izimoto "Ural", singasho ukuthi konke zaphumela ayikwazanga ukuthi baphumelele kakhulu.

iphrojekthi

Inhloso kabusha, okwakubekelwa okukhulunywa kancane ngenhla, kuyinto isidingo ukudala iloli elisha. izici ezithile esivela wesifunda sokuqala, futhi labo komzila steel lapho wahamba uhlelo.

Izwe kudingeka iloli ukusebenza ezindaweni sezwe okusezingeni eliphezulu isimiso. Ngenxa yale njongo kwanqunywa ukulungiselela lonke kweqembu nanhlanu ton iloli. Futhi akusiwona ihlaya, kusukela kuqale ekukhiqizweni ngo-1961, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi endleleni wayeshiye eziningi izimoto.

Umlando imoto "Ural-375" iqala kancane ekuqaleni. Emuva ngo-1958 prototypes sabe sesiya. Empeleni, kudingeka nje waba nengxenye ukubonakaliswa ngesikhathi umbukiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuye kwaba amaloli ezinjalo.

Imizamo yokuqala

Eyokuqala kakhulu yokuhlola Bobabili babe into entsha ngokuphelele. Empeleni, azikaze kakhulu. Ikakhulu ngoba, yemishini nge wokugubha ngokuthi "Ural ZIS Nami-375" izinto ezisetshenzisiwe kusukela Zil. Okungenani eyodwa amasampula ngokuvamile ifakwe gumbi komunye engamakhulu imodeli wamashumi amathathu futhi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiklamo babe amaphutha kuyindaba ebalulekile ukuthi awuvunyelwe ukuzisebenzisa, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ayehlosile kwasekuqaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, injini ( "Ural-375") le- "umqondo" kwaba, uma sikubeka kahle, ayanele. Ngokushesha aguga imininingwane, njalo uma zokugwema ukuphuka. Akusebenzi kahle lonke uhlelo ezifana bamba noma ukubopha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo kwaba kunemaphutsa - amabhuloho, njengoba isisekelo sanoma ibuphi imoto, babengathembekile ngokwanele elawula. Lesi sakamuva kuholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína. Kufanele kuphawulwe nokho, ukuthi waboleka gumbi ngokwanele ukumelana vibration - ngaphansi sezwe esingaweleki kungaba yintfo lebalulekile.

Eyesibili isinyathelo

Ababona, njengenjwayelo, kwaba nje "Ural-375". Isikimu oyiyo kwaba kucishe namuhla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wahlala cishe ngonyaka ka-1959 kwaba impumelelo enkulu ngaphambi kokuqala zokukhiqiza serial. Kuvamise ukuthi ivele elihambayo kwaba ifakwe kumakhabheni ukukhiqizwa yayo siqu.

Eqinisweni, imoto "Ural-375" Ukucaciswa akukubi ngokwanele. Ngisho yochungechunge test. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokomyalo we ke eMnyango Wezokuvikela, izinguquko ezithile ezenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu enyakazayo platform efakiwe, kanye ngaphezu cab. Glass kungaba sihlanzekile. Konke lokhu kwakubangelwa izidingo wezempi.

seriality

Ngemva ucwaningo ngenhla, ubuholi ezweni ivunyelwe ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa serial. Imiphumela yokuqala kungabonwa kakade ngo-November 1960. Khona-ke "Ural-375" ngokokuqala ngqa ukubonisa abantu impela indlela manje.

Neminyaka embalwa yokuqala besishumayela nensimu nokulingwa. Kuze kube ngo-1963 bonke amasheke iye yaqinisekisa wawubona nemingcele lobuchwepheshe. Eqinisweni, sonke isikhathi ngisho izincomo ngcono zakhiwa. Eminye imininingwane onjiniyela ngokuthi kokungabaza, ngoba wagxila yokuthi azikho amaphutha.

ukukhiqizwa

"Ural-375" - ukukhiqizwa imoto mass. I amasheya wehlela amakhophi eyikhulu neshumi ayizinkulungwane.

Ukukhiqizwa laqhubeka kwaze kwachitheka iSoviet Union, ie kuze 1992.

kwatheleka okunjalo ambalwa of lula kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuzisebenzisa ngokoqobo kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngempela, kwaba nzima ukuthola iloli ezinye kwande. Hhayi zizinkulu amanye amamodeli KrAZ izimoto, wayesalokhu lalingabulawa kalula ngemoto ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu, ethwele eziningi wezimpahla ahlukahlukene.

"Ural-375": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

Injini kule iloli wonke amasondo imoto, waba ngaphansi ilebula "Zil-375". Umklamo V emise, cylinder ayisishiyagalombili injini. Amandla impela high, at 180 amahhashi.

Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka futhi uhlelo eyodwa izinguquko enomoya owanele. Ukuze amaloli, okuhloswe ukuhamba ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu, kuba ngempela esibalulekile. Gearbox, efakwe lapha, ezinhlanu-speed. Futhi, umshini ifakwe yokudlulisela ezimbili-bamba.

Enye okungukuthi mayelana uhlelo icala yokudlulisa. Iqiniso lokuthi izinguqulo ezimbili zavezwa. isilawuli Okudala kwakunzima, ngoba imanuwali ukulawula isigwedlo esethola phambi oluvala amasondo kwelinye izikhundla ezintathu - uvala futhi. Lezi ezimbili kuphela, kodwa lona okugcinwe kungenziwa PUK noma ivuliwe umehluko isikhungo. Le nguqulo entsha ye okufanayo ukuthi langena isakhiwo ngo-1965, bacabanga lula ngezinga elikhulu lo mshini. Ngakho, ibhuloho wayehlale, kodwa umehluko isikhungo efakwe uhlobo kwamaplanethi, nge Ilokhi quin.

Mshini control futhi kuxoxwe ngazo ngokwehlukana. Ibhokisi lokuqondisa ifakwe wokubacindezela ekhethekile - ukushayela umshini enjalo kunzima ngaphandle kwakhe. Umsebenzi kwenziwe nge esiphakamayo ukubopha, kodwa pneumatically.

nemibi iloli

Uyini "Ural-375" izici lobuchwepheshe? Sinenkosi okuningi ukutshela mayelana imoto. Kodwa kwakungeyona cishe njengabantu abaphelele njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala.

Okokuqala abanikazi e ukubuyekeza, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-elikhulu petrol, okuyinto esichithwa injini. Inkomba beat wonke amarekhodi yemishini alesi sigaba, futhi kwaba amane nesishiyagalombili amalitha ngamunye amakhilomitha angamakhulu. Ebusika, lesi isilinganiso safinyelela 60 l. Motor uye ngokuvamile kube nenkinga enkulu yalesi iloli. Ukulungisa ezinsiza kuye kwaba ongaphakeme, futhi iloli ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, nje lakhishwa abashayeli ngokwabo - ukulungisa okuthile kwakunzima okwanele.

Ngo-1977, inguqulo entsha imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo - "Ural-4230". Ngezindlela eziningi ungcono kakhulu mthandazo oyisibonelo, kodwa izici lobuchwepheshe "Ural-375" kuyinto umxhwele nakakhulu.

ukulungiswa

Funda kabanzi mayelana onobuhle weloli. Njengezinye izimoto eziningi ezifuywayo, "Ural-375" avame ngaphansi izinguquko ezihlukahlukene. Konke ngempela okunengqondo, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa izidingo okukhulu ezweni art.

Into yokuqala ukwazi "Ural-375", okusho indawo ngokuphelele imishini esezingeni kusukela ngo-1964. Umehluko lapha abanikeze asebenza nabo - uma version esezingeni esetshenziswa ngoseyili, lapha wayesefuna-metal.

"Ural-375A" lwenzelwe ukusebenza Ngohlelo-trailer K-375. Badedelwa lapho babevalelwe khona impela eningi, njengoba imodeli waphuma yimpumelelo ngempela.

"Ural-375E" Kwakungesinye ukuguqulwa chassis njengenguqulo edlule. Kuphela kwakungekho imimese kwelinye uhlobo umzimba. Luhilela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imishini, okuyinto Yilokho kanye okwenzeka, eqinisweni.

Imodeli "375C" zimele olulodwa ugandaganda iyunithi ngesisekelo lesi design.

Ukuze usebenze "375K" yasungulwa eyiqhwa - lalisetshenziswa eNyakatho Ekude. Ngenxa yale njongo ngokukhethekile ukwahlukanisa izinto ngaphambili, umzimba kanye injini.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthi ithole okwandile "375N", senzelwe emnothweni kazwelonke. umzimba ngaphandle kwahluka (nje isiteji esenziwe ngokhuni kokuvula izinhlangothi), kanye engekho ipayipi air eyanele.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi eziningi imishini esetshenziswa Armed Forces. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, ngawo wonke amasondo iloli eyakhelwe izindlela eziningi ewusizo. Lawa kwakungamadodana ikakhulu emathangini avuzayo nokwakhiwa sondo, kodwa kwakukhona ezinye izibonelo - radar izinhlelo, "Terek" noma ngisho ufake kwethulwa amaningi rocket umlilo "Grad".

isiphetho

Ngokuvamile, le moto kwaba yingqophamlando ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhiqizwa imishini wonke i-USSR. Lokhu kuboniswa imicabango yabantu abanikazi kanye nabashayeli abanolwazi. Ukuthembeka ihlolwe eminyakeni futhi baqinisekisa ngezibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle, ngoba namuhla ungathola lezi amaloli emigwaqeni.

Iyini intengo "Ural-375"? ukukhiqizwa Series zaphela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze uthole ezintsha cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa lokho isivele isetshenzisiwe ... Kulokhu, izindleko kuzoncika degree zokukhandleka, kanye imodeli ethize. Isilinganiso yinani kuyoba ngaphakathi kwerherho - ayizinkulungwane 6-8 zamadola. imodeli ezibizayo, out of umkhiqizo iminyaka engu-20 edlule.

Ngakho, senza ukuthi yimuphi iloli kuyinto avtoombil "Ural-375" Ukucaciswa futhi intengo.