"Boko Haram" - radical Islamist inhlangano Nigerian. esivuthayo IMisa izingane Islamists in Nigeria

Njengamanje, usongo kwamaphekula ngokuhlola amalunga imisinga olukhulu Islam iba ngezinga elikhulu, kakade yaphenduka yinkinga yembulunga yonke. Futhi zezigebengu ukuthi abenza futhi ukukhuthaza Salafi Islam, asebenza hhayi kuphela e-Middle East. Zikhona ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Ngaphezu owaziwa "Al-Shabab", "Al-Qaeda ', kubo, ikakhulukazi, ukuba iqembu olukhulu" Boko Haram ", okuyinto kakade yonke iplanethi isibe odumile ngokuba benza izenzo zobugebengu ezinyantisayo futhi elithusayo. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa amacebo abaholi bale isakhiwo senkolo ngempela ebanzi, ngakho ukufeza umgomo "omkhulu", bayoqhubeka ukubulala nanoma iyiphi abantu abangenacala. Iziphathimandla Afrika ozama ukuba ngimbuze Islamist amaphekula, kodwa kuvela lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuyini nokwakheka olukhulu "Boko Haram"? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

Imininingwane zomlando

Umsunguli futhi ideologist lenhlangano olungenhla umuntu njengoba uMohammed Yusuf ezaziwayo. Nguye ngo-2002 usethe esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa emzini Maiduguri (Nigeria).

Inzalo yakhe iye yabizwa ngokuthi "Boko Haram", okuyinto zihunyushelwe izindlela Russian "Western -. esonweni ' Isimiso ukungamukeleki impucuko yaseNtshonalanga Wawugujelwani isiqubulo yeqembu lakhe. Ngokushesha le "Boko Haram" lalenziwa main ukuphikiswa amandla maqondana abezomthetho eNigeria kanye ideologue olukhulu usola uhulumeni ukuthi unodoli ezandleni West.

imfundiso

Yini ufuna ukufeza uMohammed Yusuf nabangane bakhe? Yiqiniso, ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa ayephila ngaphansi Sharia nomthetho futhi yonke impumelelo impucuko yaseNtshonalanga, isayensi, ubuciko kunqatshelwe unomphela. Ngisho egqoke isudu tie lase kahle njengoba into alien. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nhlangano "Boko Haram" asikho leso simiso zezombusazwe. Zonke ukuthi ezizivelelayo bayakwazi - kuyinto ukwenza ubugebengu: ukuthunjwa izikhulu, ukuketula nokubulala izakhamuzi. Inhlangano usekelwa yi kuhlonyiwe, isihlengo abathunjwa futhi kweBraam-.

Umzamo ukugumbuqela umbuso

Ngakho, umbuzo ukuthi "Boko Haram" eNigeria namuhla, baziswa kakhulu. Lokho kuyokwenza ingane ibe Ukubuthelela eminyakeni embalwa edlule?

Kuye kuphela yazuza namandla. Ekupheleni kuka-zero uMohammed Yusuf bazama ukuphoqelela ukugumbuqela umbuso kuleli zwe, kodwa ngokuqinile wayeka isenzo, yena wathunyelwa ejele, lapho abulawa khona. Kodwa ngokushesha "Boko Haram" has a umholi omusha - a Abubakar Shekau abaqhubeka inqubomgomo zobuphekula.

Ububanzi bemisebenzi

Okwamanje, iqembu Nigerian kuzibiza hhayi kuphela ngokuthi "West Afrika the state amaSulumane." Isibalo inhlangano elawula izwe Nigerian North-Eastern imayelana ayizinkulungwane 5-6 bomlilo. Kodwa isimo sendawo ubugebengu sidlulela ngalé amaphekula wezwe zazitholakala futhi Cameroon, futhi Chad nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika. Maye, iziphathimandla ayikwazi wedwa sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo amaphekula: badinga usizo ngaphandle. Okwamanje, amakhulu ezinkulungwane ukuhlupheka kungekho abangenacala.

Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, umholi we amaphekula olukhulu wathatha isifungo sokwethembeka nenhlangano yezigelekeqe "Islamic State." Njengoba ubufakazi sokuzinikela iqembu IG "Boko Haram" Ngathumela kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili namadoda akhe Libya impi.

ukwesaba mass

Ubugebengu obenziwa ezizivelelayo Nigerian, bazongena esitelekeni nesihluku, kanjalo ngokuyenga ukwesaba ukuhamba ngasemfuleni. Ukubulawa amaphoyisa, ukuhlaselwa nokubhujiswa obuKristu - lezi ezinye nje yezinto ezinyantisayo abeqisayo.

Kuphela 2015, amasosha 'Boko Haram' eCameroon, nokuthumba abantu, ngesikhathi idolobha pogrom Fotokol wabulala abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu, eqalwe kuhlaselwa Abadame. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bababulala izakhamuzi Nzhabe neDamaseku kwathunjwa abesifazane nezingane.

Entwasahlobo ka-2014 we-UN Security Council ukuthi Nigerian olukhulu Islamist inhlangano "Boko Haram" saziwa njengeqembu amaphekula.

Enye ubugebengu ngendlela ehlazisayo esenziwa amaphekula edolobhaneni "Chibok". Kube balithumba abangaphezu kuka-270 amantombazane esikole. Icala ngokushesha yazuza ububanzi resonance yomphakathi. Abezomthetho ukuba wacabangisisa ukusebenza ukukhulula izithunjwa. Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, abambalwa kuphela wakwazi ukulondoloza. Iningi amantombazane lase aguqulwa Islam, ngemva kwalokho baphoqeleka emshadweni.

ukubulawa kwezingane

ubugebengu Okuthusayo ezinkulukazi iphutha edolobhaneni Dalori, etholakala eduze nedolobha Maydaguri (enyakatho-mpumalanga).

Kwatholakala ukuthi amalungu "Boko Haram" iqembu ashisa abantwana 86. Ngokusho ofakazi, ngubani ngokuyisimangaliso wakwazi ukuphunyuka, namabutho ku izithuthuthu kanye nezimoto ahlasela dolobhana futhi ube esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise abazihlelele ngaziphonsa amabhomu emizini yabo. Izidumbu zezingane, zishe uyaphila, yaphenduka inqwaba umlotha. Kodwa lokhu kuphela avuse abeqisayo. Izigebengu wabulala emakamu ababaleki ezimbili.

izinyathelo zokulawula

Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho iziphathimandla ayikwazanga bengasabeli uchungechunge kwamaphekula ngokuhlola ezizivelelayo. Futhi eyisibambiso ukuze ajezise hhayi kuphela e-Nigeria kodwa futhi Cameroon, Niger kanye Benin. kokuthintana yokulwisana inkinga abashisekeli idingidwa Kwakuseshwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo yasungulwa phaka Joint Force Zamazwe (i-SMS), okwakusendlini ukuqeda amasosha. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, isibalo wevikeleko yempi kufanele sifinyelele amasosha acela 9000, futhi wahlanganyela ukusebenza, hhayi kuphela lempi kodwa amaphoyisa.

uhlelo kwemisebenzi

Zone yesenzo ukuqeda amasosha waba yizinqamu ezintathu, ngamunye okuyinto isekelwe abasebenzi. Omunye itholakala ku Baga (ogwini Lake Chad), omunye - e Gumboro (eduze komngcele Cameroon), kanti eyesithathu - edolobheni, kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka Mora (enyakatho-mpumalanga Nigeria).

Kepha yindlunkulu amandla Joint zamazwe ngamazwe, kuzoba e N'djamena. Njengoba bemiswe ukuba uphathe ukusebenza kwe-Nigerian Jikelele Illiyu Abajo, owayenokuhlangenwe nakho yokuchitheka namabutho.

Iziphathimandla National lokuthi kuqedwe iqembu "Boko Haram" ngeke kwenzeke ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, bekholelwa ukuthi impi ezizivelelayo Akuthathanga sikhathi.

Yini eyayingenziwa ukubambezela yonke inqubo?

Nokho, akubona bonke lula njengoba singathanda. Lokho ukuhlinzwa kwami kuhambe kahle, bohulumende kumele SMS indlela ukusingatha izinkinga zezenhlalo yangaphakathi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Oshayasibhamu basizakala ukunganeliseki yezakhamuzi Islamist Indinganiso low ephilayo, inkohlakalo kanye nangobudlova iziphathimandla. E-Nigeria, isigamu somphakathi - bangamaSulumane.

Ayikwazi ehlisiwe, futhi esinye isici okungase zibulale ijubane ukusebenza. Iqiniso lokuthi iziphathimandla emazweni amaningi kwelivekati le-Afrika buthakathaka zombango ezihlala isikhathi eside ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.

Uhulumeni nje walahlekelwa ukulawula ingxenye yalo lapho kwakunezinxushunxushu yangempela ebusa. Lezi futhi ujabulele izici olukhulu, ukuze lizuze abantu amaSulumane akusazinzile enkulu ekukhethweni kuka-orientation zezombusazwe.

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa nokuvikeleka izikhulu bakwazile ukubamba uchungechunge lisebenze ngempumelelo ukubhubhisa amaphekula. Ngokwesibonelo, amabutho zakhishwa ehlathini, eduze kwedolobha Maiduguri. Futhi entshonalanga Kousseri (enyakatho-mpumalanga Cameroon) ibutho SMS iqedwe mayelana 40 amalungu "Boko Haram".

Ngeshwa, abezindaba Western namuhla kuyaqabukela unake amacala ngokumelene izakhamuzi ezenziwa inhlangano "Boko Haram" ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Zonke ukunakwa igxile "isimo Islamic", nakuba usongo amaqembu Nigerian nazo esinzulu. Amaphephandaba nomagazini e Nigeria abanawo amandla ukutshela umhlaba ngezinkinga zabo. Kwethenjwa ukuthi isimo uyoke ukushintsha, kodwa West ngeke uzibe lenkinga yobuphekula eNingizimu Afrika.