Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Turkey. Incazelo Turkey. Umlando, Culture

Turkey - akuyona nje izivakashi endaweni ethandwa, kodwa futhi maphakathi izenzakalo eziningi zomlando, futhi isimo nge isiko esiyingqayizivele. nokuzwa yezakhiwo kanye namasiko elingavamile kulelizwe yabakhanga abantu emhlabeni wonke. Yiziphi izici ezindawo ka Turkey? Indaba ngokuphawulekayo wakhe? Yini ongayenza usitshele wakhe ubuciko, amasiko kanye namasiko? Ake sibone ngokuningiliziwe.

isikhundla ezindawo

Qala amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Turkey isikhundla layo eliyingqayizivele - itholakala eNingizimu-eMpumalanga Yurophu Southwest Asia ngesikhathi esifanayo. ubude bayo usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga kuba eyishumi nesithupha amakhilomitha ayikhulu + ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu - anamakhulu mathandathu. The main ingxenye libhekisela yeNhlonhlo Yase-Anatolia, okuyinto yaziwa ngaphansi kwegama "Malaya Aziya". Izilwandle ezizungezile Turkey, okuthiwa i-Black, Aegean futhi iMedithera. Eyokuqala itholakala enyakatho, kanti ababili - e entshonalanga naseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iDardanelles kanye Bosphorus. izingxenye European futhi Asian zihlukaniswe amanzi, indima ulwandle exhumanisa kweBlack Sea-Aegean Sea. Lesi sakamuva ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi Marble. Izintaba eTurkey ngempela indima umxhwele insimu, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukushayelwa impumuzo plain. Ukuphakama isilinganiso ndawo ubuso isimo - bude ayizinkulungwane ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Le ntaba ngobukhulu e-Turkey - kuyinto Pontic futhi Taurus. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu kuleli imitha Kaçkar ezintathu namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amathathu nanye.

Imingcele kanye labantu

Elikhulu kunawo wonke umuzi e-Turkey kuyinto Istanbul. It eqoshiwe bakhona abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi. Usayizi enkulu emadolobheni ahlukene nedlanzana - lapho abangaphezu kwesigidi izimpilo. Indawo state amakhilomitha square anamakhulu asixhenxe osibhozo amawaka amahlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Izilwandle ezizungezile Turkey, kudala umngcele ongokwemvelo kulo lonke ugu olusenyakatho, okuyinto ibanga amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amabili. Ubude Turkey inomngcele by amazwe ayisishiyagalombili. -Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, e-Iraq, eSiriya. Ubude besikhathi umhlaba imingcele amakhilomitha amabili nambili namakhulu ayisithupha engamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili, futhi isikhathi eside nguye ehlukanisa izwe kusukela Syria --amabili amabili amakhilomitha asibhozo anamanci.

Izifunda ethandwa kakhulu eTurkey ogwini - edolobheni Kemer, Side, Alanya, Marmaris futhi Antalya. La magama bayazazi izivakashi, kodwa ngalesi geography kumnandi futhi umlando abantu kufanele bazi ukuthi izwe, futhi namanye amaqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, akukho kancane ezithakazelisayo ukuvakashela eziningi iziqhingi Turkey - ngokwesibonelo, yokhalo Pashalimany - indawo olunothile nge coves nohlaza angavamile.

Umlando wezwe lasendulo

Ngokokuqala ngqá indoda yabonakala emazweni bendawo omunye eyisikhombisa nengxenye iminyaka eyinkulungwane BC. Kodwa ke uthi entsha zadalwa futhi wanyamalala nemiyalezo, ngakho leyo uphola inani leminyaka e-Turkey, akunakwenzeka - ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ngelinye izwe ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amabutho aseGibithe amaSiriya Anatolia, exhumanisa i namaGreki wahlangana. Ayikho ukuzinza alikho. Esikhathini amabili namashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye BC AmaCeltic wasungula idolobha elisezweni lase-- manje ngokuthi dolobha Turkey, Ankara ezaziwayo. Kwabe sekufika esikhathi samaRoma yomlando. Elulele ensimini ka ithonya kumaKristu futhi inhloko-dolobha yezwe kwaba iConstantinople. UMbusi Giustinian wandisa ezweni BoMbuso WaseByzantium ukuba aseBalkan, eNyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Anatolia, bawuthumba Italy. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umphumela kwehle, nabaseTurkey elawulwa ezweni kuphela isimo yesimanje, kanye Iraq ne-Iran. izimbali okusha kwenzeka obhekwe yoMbuso WaseTurkey, okuyinto ladluliselwa maphakathi Europe.

umlando wanamuhla

Ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi enye emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke isimo Turkish. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo incazelo lamashumi amabili leminyaka Turkey njengoba umbuso onamandla kwakuseyimpi ngempela kuyiqiniso, kodwa le ngozi kuyeza kakade. hambisa Engalungile WWI kwaba nangobukhulu sekupheleni. Esikhathini eko kwakukhona impi sokuzibusa kanye sultanate uyekwa. Phakathi nokubusa umthethosisekelo Ataturk sika lwemukelwa futhi ochithiwe imithetho eziningi zenkolo olandelanayo. Abesifazane zathola ilungelo lokuvota, intando yeningi kuleliya lizwe yasungulwa. Le course kwi ukuthuthukiswa waqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu. Ekuqaleni le amabili nanye yisifiso eyinhloko ukubusa Turkish ukuze EU. Okwamanje lokhu akwenzekanga ngenxa yokuthi izindawo eziningi Turkey zihlukile ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho futhi isengozini yokuhlaselwa Kurds. Separatism yindaba ashisayo. Uma le nkinga Kurdish ingaxazululwa, Ankara ngeke abe omunye dolobha ye-European Union.

Architecture Turkey

Ngokufunda amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Turkey, kufanele ufunde nje kuphela ngomlando indawo, kodwa futhi mayelana namasiko - ezihlukahlukene art amafomu abaluleke kakhulu ngayinye isakhamuzi sendawo. Ake uqale nge izakhiwo. It is zihlukaniswa i zinhlobonhlobo zezinto cishe yonke imizi. Ngesisekelo ukwakhiwa Sekuyisikhathi eside ekhonza njengesikhonzi esishumayela isikhathi itshe kuyiphi amabhlogo zenziwe. ezifundazweni ezahlukene Turkey kungaba ukuziqhayisa ezikhangayo ezifana le mosque, enqabeni, madrassas, izindlu zokugeza, izimakethe caravanserais. Basuke embozwe tile, eqoshwe Ornamental, anemibala tile Ceramic. Itulo ngoba ebhekene izitshalo zeJiyomethri nemibhalo eqoshiwe ohlotshisiwe. Top art yezakhiwo eminengi Istanbul, ezifana Hagia Sophia - isonto adumile e-Turkey, emelela amahlelo amaningi.

ebaziwe wendabuko

Ezinye eziqoshiwe ezigcinwe Turkey basonta Amakhasi ubudala emlandweni wombuso. Basuke esisogwini izakhiwo omkhulukazi njengoba umhlobiso. Ngokwesiko eyodwa sibalo zibekelwe izindonga embossed. Ngokuvamile umfanekiso ubekwe emakhoneni futhi phezu pediments of niches. Ngenxa yokuthi inkolo Muslim onqabela ekhombisa abantu nezilwane, ubuciko sculptural lezinkathi zenkolo olandelanayo ngokuvamile kakhulu kungagcini, ngakho iqoqo ezibanzi bobunjwa iminyuziyamu Turkish abakwazi ukuqhosha.

imidwebo

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Turkey kanye ubuciko bendawo kungaba Kuyadumaza. Kuvele nani elihlaba umxhwele izibonelo nje akasahluleli isiko umdwebo wasendulo kungenzeka emibhalweni ukuthi kwakufanele ukuhlobisa, futhi emincanyana asetshenziswe igceke lokweneka inkazimulo sultan kuphela. ezifundazweni ezahlukene Turkey kungaba ozibongayo izikole yabo calligraphy, ekhetheke kangaka ngokubhala isitayela kungenziwa ngokuthi uhlobo esikhundleni bendabuko emhlabeni umdwebo. imidwebo zokugcina nje kuhluke luhlata imibala nobujamo emincane ngaphandle isithombe romantic. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasakwazi agqamile obunobunye. abameleli Wanamuhla Umdwebo uholwe imithetho eenkhulwini aseYurophu, futhi liphefumulelwe isiko entshonalanga.

Ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla

Incazelo Turkey akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhuluma lolu hlobo amakhono. Abaningi izakhiwo, ngisho kakhulu nemvelo kwansuku ahlotshiswe imidwebo, umhlobiso ezitholakele ku izitsha kanye nezimpahla zasendlini. Ukuze imidwebo esetshenziswa Motifs eliqoshiwe esibonisa izitshalo, izilwane, futhi izimbali. Ingxenye ngesakhiwo isikebhe nge useyili, bamphathele Tulips, carnations, irises, hyacinths. Isetshenziselwa yokudweba upende oluhlaza, obomvu nonsundu, futhi okwesibhakabhaka. Elinye ikhono ezivamile is beluka - Indwangu abomvu ngegolide noma iphethini isiliva ukufuneka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni elidume okhaphethi Turkish. Basuke zihlukaniswa umbala ongaphakeme-key futhi kokuqala. Ezinye izifunda Turkey nabadumile ukwenziwa ezibaziweyo izinto zokhuni metal izikhali kanye izitsha, izitsha zobumba agqamile sobumba.

izincwadi

Amaqiniso amaningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana Turkey ingatholakala esuka emithonjeni enjenge-izincwadi abalobi wendawo. isiko sidilizwa Kulula ukufunda kusuka imisebenzi wadala ngesikhathi Seljuk umthetho ngesi-Arabhu. Izimbongi inkantolo sikhathi wabhala e WasePheresiya. Ukuze ezisekhona yasendulo inganekwane, izinganekwane, izinganekwane, izaga, iculo ngisho nezimfumbe kanye namahlaya. Izincwadi eziningi adalwe kuphela izinkondlo - isitayela efanayo kufanele Chivalry futhi incoma neziphathimandla.

Phakathi ukwehla yoMbuso WaseTurkey, abaseTurkey wabhala incwadi satirical, eneka ukufumbathisa, ukukhwabanisa, ukuphila ngonya nokudakwa. temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Ordinary kuphela esetshenziselwa imisebenzi yesayensi - isebenza kuzo inkolo, imithi, umlando. Izincwadi umqondo ezivamile sekukhona kuqhathaniswa sekwephuzile, ngakho inoveli, adventure noma amanoveli kwezenhlalo kanye nemidlalo ngokuvamile esukela emuva le samanje. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi Turkish lwase lwenziwa lula futhi manje izincwadi, akuhlukile abantu.

cuisine Turkish

Ukudla ukudla ingenye letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo amasiko Eastern. cuisine Turkish liphakathi abacebe kakhulu flavour emhlabeni. Okunye ukudla kwakhona angahlola izimfihlo + nabafokazi, futhi abanye bangakwazi ukulungisa kuphela umpheki onokuhlangabezanwe nakho. Ngokuthakazelisayo, esifundeni ngasinye - izitsha zabo zendabuko. Ngokuphambene nombono wokuthi cuisine Oriental ebukhali kakhulu, izinongo ezisetshenziselwa ngokulinganisela. inzuzo ngamunye ukuthi eziningi izitsha etholakalayo inyama - izitsha Turkish zihlukene futhi uzilungiselele inyama hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kusukela ezihlukahlukene imifino, izithelo zonke izinhlobo okusanhlamvu.

amasiko

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izimpilo izakhamuzi zendawo, kubalulekile ukwazi eminye imithetho yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane e izithombe abamnyama kungavunyelwe, namadoda ucele imvume. Ukufaka mosque noma womzalwane, abaseTurkey njalo zikhumule izicathulo bakushiye emnyango. Uma kukhona ingozi ukuze ulahleke, ungakwazi ukwengeza izicathulo esikhwameni hamba nayo. I-Turks ungalokothi uphuze utshwala emigwaqweni. I zihlasela kakhulu, ezingase owesinye isizwe - ukudida lizwe nge Greece. Ngokusobala benza amahlaya Atatürk - naphezu nokushiyeka, luhlala ethandekayo kakhulu iqhawe lesizwe kuze kube yilolu suku. Elinye iphutha elibi kakhulu - shayela Istanbul iConstantinople. Igama ubudala kwakungekaNkulunkulu inhlokodolobha WaseByzantium, okuyinto won abaseTurkey. Ukusebenzisa it, ungakwazi ulimele kakhulu futhi babonise zokungazi umlando. Futhi-ke, akufanele kudidaniswe - umuzi omkhulu kuleli zwe Ankara.