Njengoba ukwehla kwamaphaphu Umhlaba ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Amafomu eyinhloko impumuzo eliwumhlaba

Ngempumuzo iplanethi yethu ingcaca ukwehlukana kwayo kanye nobuhle ezingeguquleke. emathafeni Wide, umfula nezigodi ezijulile futhi nemibhoshongo ezicijile ka iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke - konke lokhu bekungeke Ubonakala gqizisa futhi zihlobise emhlabeni wethu kuze kube phakade. Kodwa lokhu akulona njalo. Empeleni, isimo sezwe eMhlabeni kuyahlukahluka.

Kodwa ukuqaphela lezi zinguquko akwanele futhi okuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Singathini ngokuphila ayengumuntu ofana nathi. Kutfutfukiswa komhlaba - Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici osebuneminyaka kunezigidigidi ezimbalwa zezingosi iminyaka. Ngakho kungani nokuthi impumuzo Zomhlaba ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Futhi lokho yasisiza lezi zinguquko?

Relief - kungcono ...

Leli gama yesayensi lisuselwa elithi Latin relevo, okuyinto nezwi elisho "ukufukula". I geomorphology ngaphansi kusho isiqalo nesigcino zonke semfene akhona komhlaba.

Phakathi letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo impumuzo imele ezintathu: iphuzu (isib, isiqongo), emgqeni (isib, nakangaka) kanye ebusweni (isib, ithafa). Lokhu ukushiyana kwezidalwa kuyafana ukuvela abavelele geometry.

Impumuzo ingase ibe khona ehlukile: entabeni, ethafeni noma elinamagquma. Yena imelelwa ezihlukahlukene amafomu, okungase ihluke nomunye hhayi kuphela ukubukeka kwabo, kodwa futhi umsuka, ubudala. I imvilophi ezindawo impumuzo iplanethi linendima ebalulekile kakhulu. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ngesisekelo zonke izakhiwo zemvelo, ezifana isisekelo indlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngqo ahileleke ukuhanjiswa umswakama phezu Earth, futhi uhlanganyela kumiswa sezulu.

Kanjani isimo sezwe eMhlabeni? Futhi ziyini amafomu yalo ososayensi zanamuhla? Lokhu Kuzoxoxwa.

Impumuzo zomhlaba: amafomu main amafomu impumuzo kanye nobudala

Landform - eyisisekelo isayensi geomorphological. Ngamagama alula, ebusweni lokhu ikakhulukazi maholoholo emhlabeni, okungaba elula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, emihle noma emibi, convex noma ngilugweda.

I eziyinhloko amafomu alandelayo ka impumuzo yasemhlabeni; entabeni, okungenalutho, okungenalutho, bulala, sehhashi, imihosha, emihosheni Amathafa, nezigodi kanye nabanye. Ngo genesis yayo (imvelaphi), angase zomhlaba, ukuguguleka komhlabathi, aeolian, Karst, abenziwe abantu, kanye nokunye. D. Uma siyibheka samukelwa ukwaba kwamaplanethi, mega, Macro, Meso, micro nanoforms impumuzo. Ukuze kwamaplanethi (kwekulu) yiwona amazwekazi nolwandle phansi, geosyncline naphakathi no-ocean lamagquma.

Munye walemisebenti eyinhloko ososayensi geomorphology iyona kwencazelo engu walabo noma ezinye izinhlobo zosizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonyaka kungaba okuphelele noma okungaphelele. Esimweni sokuqala kunqunywa ngokusebenzisa ekhethekile Geological isikhathi embulungeni. Esimeni sesibili, isethwe ku engu-yimuphi omunye ebusweni (kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa igama elithi "omncane" noma "amadala").

Akwaziwa impumuzo umcwaningi B. Davis kuqhathaniswa inqubo lasungulwa ukuze ukuphila komuntu. Ngakho, ke lwabelwe izigaba ezine yentuthuko yimaphi amafomu impumuzo:

• ebuntwaneni;
• inkinobho yesinxele segundane
• ukuvuthwa;
• nokuguga.

Kanjani futhi kungani impumuzo Zomhlaba ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Kuleli zwe, kungekho lutho oluhlala phakade futhi owujami. Ngokufanayo, impumuzo Zomhlaba zingashintsha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi. Nazi isaziso yalezi zinguquko nje cishe kungenakwenzeka, ngoba kudonse amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Nokho, zivela ukuzamazama komhlaba, mlilo kanye nezinye izenzakalo eliwumhlaba esiwabiza ngokuthi izinhlekelele.

The main Imbangela impumuzo kumiswa (njengoba ngempela yimuphi omunye izinqubo eplanethini yethu) - amandla we-Sun, Earth futhi yonke. Ukushintsha sendawo eMhlabeni kwenzeka sonke isikhathi. Futhi inhliziyo noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinjalo kukhona izinqubo ezimbili nje: denudation futhi inqwaba. Lezi izinqubo kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa, efana isimiso owaziwa "-yin-yang" ifilosofi yamaShayina yasendulo.

Ukuthola - Ukuhlola kuyinqubo ekuqongeleleni okuxekethile impahla Geological phansi noma phansi amadamu. Ngakwelinye denudation - yinqubo ekubhujisweni ukudluliswa iphazamiseke izingcezwana ngamatshe nezinye izindawo emhlabeni ebusweni. Futhi uma ekuqongeleleni avame ukunqwabelana impahla Geological, le denudation sokuzama kubuqede.

Izinto eziyinhloko wokukhululeka ukwakheka

kwakhiwa Figure emhlabeni Kwamanzi ngenxa ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo endogenous (yangaphakathi) kanye exogenous (angaphandle) amabutho Zomhlaba. Uma siqhathanisa impumuzo kumiswa inqubo kanye kwakhiwa isakhiwo ke amabutho endogenous angabizwa ngokuthi "abakhi" eziningi, futhi amabutho exogenous - "Okugweda" impumuzo eliwumhlaba.

I yangaphakathi (endogenous) Umhlaba amabutho zihlanganisa mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokunyakaza crustal. I yangaphandle (exogenous) - .. Umsebenzi umoya, amanzi ageleza, iqhwa, njll Amabutho zokugcina bekwi uhlobo izinhlobo zosizo umhlobiso, ngezinye izikhathi ebanikeza simise yinqaba.

geomorphologists sekukonke ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ezine impumuzo-factor kuphela:

• amandla yangaphakathi Zomhlaba;
• global amandla adonsela phansi ;
• amandla elanga;
• isikhala amandla.