Amandla abanogazi: umqondo, izibonelo. Akwaziwa abaholi abanamandla abaningana

Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu intando eqinile, nakuba inhlakanipho ngaphezu engasenathonya ezithile, kokunquma isiphetho abanye abantu, amazwe, izwe, owasungulwa ukuze ayo negunya, futhi abaningi babo ngisho nangemva kokushona namanje uqhubeka uba nomthelela empilweni setepolitiki .

izinhlobo uhulumeni

Uma ucabangela welithi "amandla" njengoba isigaba lwezenhlalo ihlukaniswe yaba ezintathu izinhlobo control. Kuyinto zomthetho (zomthetho-okunengqondo), ezendabuko, igunya onekhono. Ngo isayensi, bebizwa izinhlobo enhle. ukwahlukana okunjalo ngesikhathi wasikisela ukuthi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu German ezidumile mlando Max Weber. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi abaholi abanamandla abaningana ngokuvamile babe nezici ezimbili lwezenhlalo: kuba ikakhulukazi abantu kusukela azungeze, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zonke izakhamuzi kwelinye izwe, futhi cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti isikhathi beza amandla ngezindlela ezisemthethweni, futhi ngokusebenzisa usurpation noma ngenxa esibucayi wamanje izimo.

igunya abanogazi njengenhlangano uhlobo enhle

igunya onekhono kuchazwe Maksom Veberom njengenye izinhlobo enhle. Ezifundweni zakhe, wayengabhekiseli ukulalelisisa ngokwanele ukuba indlela lapho lokhu noma lokhuya umholi iba umbusi futhi uhlala kanjalo, zikhetha eside ukuphenya ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye nabaholi babo, okungukuthi, yena lowo okuthiwa izici zezenhlalo.

Ngakho, Weber icacisa ukuthi igunya bendabuko kusekelwe yokuthi izakhamuzi uzovuma ngokuzenzakalela lesi simiso kungenxa ukhona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu ngokomzwelo futhi ngokuvamile senza okuphambene nasekuphumeleleni kweluhlelo niyaqhubeka nilondoloze isimiso esasikhona. Kunalokho, umthetho zomthetho-okunengqondo ngokunembile ngenxa ukusebenza yayo ekusekeleni izakhamuzi bayasethemba semthethweni kahulumeni enikeza abantu inkolelo ubulungisa amandla anjalo.

Umholi njengoba ngesisekelo igunya onekhono

igunya abanogazi zisekelwe kuphela amakhono obuholi, futhi ngokuvamile ukuthi izinga langempela noma benomuzwa wokuthi baphathwe kuyinto. Weber emsebenzini wakhe asichazi ukuthi kushiwoni leli gama. Ngokulinganiswa ubuntu onekhono usikisela ukuthi ungumholi ubani izimfanelo kwemvelo futhi onamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, noma amakhono okungenani ezehlukile namakhono. Ngakho, ngaphansi umqondo wabaholi benkolo abanogazi, kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi ukuthi laba baholi kulamandla uhlala umbuzo evulekile. Isici eyinhloko igunya onekhono Weber - ukuba khona crisis acute kwezenhlalo, empeleni usosayensi akacabangi ukuthi udumo umholi sika kungenzeka ngaphandle kwalo.

abacwaningi Okwalandela baye kwelulwe kakhulu kwenkululeko into efana "engasenathonya". Uma ekuqaleni umqondo liphathelene kuphela uhlobo "isipho sikaNkulunkulu" okungukuthi kakade ngemisebenzi, ukuthi washiya bawalandele obonwa abaholi abanamandla abaningana, incazelo zalesi simo abutholakali ukubonakaliswa kwemvelo. Umbono kule ndaba ihlukile kakhulu, isibonelo, Determinism kaMarx lihlobanisa ukubonakala abantu abanjalo nentando umphakathi ukuthi eshintsha, silahle indima kumuntu ngokwakhe. Ngendlela efanako, umholi onjalo ophelele onekhono, uMongameli French Sharl De Goll, a isekela ngokuzeleko imfundiso yokuziphendukela indima okukhethekile ubuntu esikhathini esithile esibucayi, okuyinto ngqo siyabhala encwadini yaso ethi "The Edge of Ngenkemba."

Izimpawu lolu hlobo amandla

Ukuqoqwa izakhiwo ehlukile njengoba isici igunya onekhono kubonakala la maphuzu alandelayo:

1. Kakhulu liphinyiselwe uhlamvu siqu.
2. Vneistorichnost, okusho umholi ngokuvamile engalandeli iyiphi engaguqukiyo, imithetho ngisho nemithetho eyayikhona ngaphambili.
3. Lokho igunya onekhono kusukela izinkinga luyingxenye esiwusizo futhi zansuku zonke, umnotho ethile. izindlela ngokungakhethi ngoba ezomnotho - ngokuvamile igunya onekhono ukungaqedeli uqoqe izintela, futhi asuse izindlela olutheni futhi okwaba kubo, bezama ukunikeza lezi zenzo bheka zomthetho.

ubufakazi

Izimpawu igunya onekhono sibonakalise kanje:

1. division zomphakathi imibono impumelelo esikhathini esizayo futhi ongumholi, abalandeli ukuxhuma izinhlelo zabo siqu imisebenzi yenhlangano.
2. Ukuba Nethemba Lokuhle futhi ngezinga eliphezulu entshisekweni abasekeli, ngasinye sazo empeleni uzama abe umholi onekhono we "oda aphansi".
3. Indawo emaphakathi zonke nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana kunikezwa umholi. Ngakho, umuzwa wokuthi umholi ikhona yonke indawo futhi kuthatha abahileleki kunoma iziphi izinhlangano umcimbi.

ngezici ezinhle nezimbi ukusungulwa igunya onekhono

Semthethweni, okungukuthi, izakhamuzi wavumelana ebhodini, kukhona, njengoba nje inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu abantu abazimisele ukuba babe abalandeli umholi wabo. Alikho ifomu lomuntu uhulumeni kuka uhlobo igunya onekhono. Amandla zitholwa umholi, uhlobo aura ababemzungezile nokusiza bayanda uyakholelwa emakhonweni azo, okuyinto yena, edonsela abalandeli abaningi. Kodwa umholi onekhono bekungeke kube enjalo uma awazange wazizwa nezidingo zabantu.

Lawo mandla okuthonya Ubuholi, onekhono ngokwemvelo, izuza ukubaluleka okukhulu ezimweni ezinjena, lapho kudingeka ushintsho olukhulu noma wenze izinguquko ezinkulu imvelo esingavunyelwe ingashintshwa le njongo, ngenxa isiko inert-nigxilile futhi amasiko, futhi ngokuvamile isikhathi eside esimweni yokujama tsi. Nokho, kunzima kakhulu engazinzile ngenxa yokuthi umholi kufanele njalo ukubonisa amandla ayo kanye wedwa, phatha, bese parallel ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokwengeziwe futhi nge impumelelo enkulu. Kungenjalo, ngisho kusuka ukwehluleka eyodwa umholi amehlo abalandeli ungalahlekelwa elikhangayo, incazelo kanye nokulahlekelwa semthethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwamandla, njengoba okuhle nokungekuhle kahle. Ukuze ama-agumenti main ezingezinhle zihlanganisa yokuthi uhulumeni, onekhono ngokwemvelo, ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona usurpation, ngaphandle sokuphoqa okulesi lokumba nokuxazulula cishe zonke nsuku zonke futhi ngisho izindaba kulencane kwansuku isimo. Nokho, uma umholi ungakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, kukhona nomthelela obonakalayo omuhle ngenxa yokuthi empeleni amandla evumelana iningi umphakathi.

Izimpawu umholi onekhono

Okungenani onekhono ubenawo eziningi izici ezingase ngokuthi eziyisisekelo:

• amandla, ie ikhono "akhipha" futhi "ashona" amandla abanye abantu;
• ukubukeka umxhwele ezimibalabala, okusho ukuthatheka, kodwa hhayi ubuhle (ngokuvamile kubaholi yalolu hlobo obungefani ngokomzimba);
• ngezinga eliphezulu ukuzimela kwasekuqaleni by imibono yabanye;
• amakhono amahle oratorical;
• bathembele ngokuphelele nokungangabazi yena umsebenzi wakhe siqu.

Izibonelo abaholi abanamandla abaningana

abaholi abanamandla abaningana ekuqaleni libhekene Maksom Veberom njengoba umuntu othanda inkolo, kodwa uyakwazi ukushintsha ukuphila emphakathini. Akungatshazwa ukuthi uJesu Kristu futhi Prophet Mohammed abanobuntu onekhono, ababesenethonya sinomthelela inqubo zomlando. Kodwa ukuba onekhono futhi ube umholi onekhono - lawa ezimbili ezingafani nhlobo. Esikhathini esizayo, i-sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Dzhordzh Izingobo kancane kabusha umqondo, futhi okwamanje nangalabo sasivame ushayele abaholi abanamandla abaningana, kuyafaneleka ngaphezulu komunye definition - okungukuthi, "kusho umholi we nobuqhawe".

Lokho ubuntu nobuqhawe abanjalo babehamba Aleksandr Makedonsky, uGenghis Khan, uLenin futhi uStalin, uHitler de Gaulle. Laba bantu angefani kakhulu izibonelo prime lezinombolo onekhono ababengenabani izenzakalo ezibucayi ukuthi abaholi nobuqhawe. Kulesisimo-ke, kunzima kakhulu sibala abaholi abanamandla abaningana abakhiqizi ezinkulu, ezifana uHenry Ford, Endryu Karnegi noBill Geyts, nakuba ngokungangabazeki ifa engasenathonya. Ndawonye, leli kungaba ukungezwa futhi ezinye izibonelo zakudala onekhono (nobuqhawe) abaholi, ngubani empeleni waba namandla ongatheni, okubonisa usithonye ngaphezulu ngokusekela kwabangane abasekeli - UJeanne ^d, Arc, Marshal Zhukov, Che Guevara. Umlando uyazi izibonelo eziningi lapho amandla, onekhono futhi esisemthethweni ngokuvamile ekugcineni yaphela nge ukunqotshwa okuphelele kokubili umholi nemibono yakhe, futhi wakhonza njengephayona ithuluzi ukubhujiswa ukuhlanganiswa kwemibuso futhi kabusha oda emhlabeni. Yiqiniso, Napoleon Bonaparte, u-Adolf Hitler, uMikhail Gorbachev.

Kusukela ophilayo abaholi abanamandla abaningana ngokugcwele lo mqondo ngaphandle ukubhuka akunakubangelwa kuphela indoda eyodwa - Fidel Castro, ngubani Yiqiniso, ngisho nangemva kokuba kwalokho amandla umholi abanethonya kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bakubo, kanye emhlabeni zokuxhumana.